一、定语从句 例1 The songs the group sang in the concert were in Latin，German and French，much of _____ was all Greek to us. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 简析：答案为C。此处由“代词+ of +关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词Latin，German and French。 误区提醒：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，介词前置时，关系代词须用which或whom，而不能用that或who；介词后置时，可以用that，可以省略，也可以用主格代替宾格。 例2 Researchers are engaged in developing new energy cars _____ are bright with enormous market potential. A. that are believed B. which the experts believe C. the experts believe that D. the experts believe 简析：答案为B。the experts believe是插入语，插在定语从句中间。 误区提醒：命题者通过增加限定语、同位语、插入语、定语从句等成分，增加句子的复杂程度，造成考生的视觉误差，从而导致思维错位，产生误导。解答这类题时，考生只要去掉冗余信息（插入语、同位语等），答案就一目了然了。 例3 I liked to go to dances and parties，_____ I could have a good time just sitting and watching. A. where B. when C. which D. why 简析：答案为 A。后面的定语从句缺少地点状语，所以选A。 误区提醒：考生根据非限制性定语从句的特点，极易选择which，但此处的定语从句缺的是地点状语，要用where。 例4 In our daily life，we often come across occasions _____ one can think without language， just as one may speak without thinking. A. that B. which C. when D. where 简析：答案为C。先行词是occasions，表示时间，关系词在从句中作状语，所以用when。 误区提醒：situation，case，point，activity，occasion等表示地点或时间性质的先行词，其后常用where，when引导定语从句。这些先行词看起来并不表示地点或时间，容易被误看成事物而使用that或which引导定语从句。 二、状语从句 例5 ―What time did he come back yesterday？ ―It was not yet twelve o’clock _____ he arrived home. A. until B. that C. when D. before 简析：答案为C。本句是一个由when引导的时间状语从句。 误区提醒：有的考生误以为是在考查强调句，去掉it was和所填的that后，时间状语前缺少介词，句子不完整，因此该句是状语从句。此题若用until/before，则不符合逻辑。 例6 If you are sent to work _____ you are not used to the people’s lifestyles，be sure to adapt yourself to them as soon as possible. A. what B. in which C. in the place that D. where 简析：答案为D。空格前没名词，说明引导词引导的是地点状语从句，所以用关系副词where。 误区提醒：空格后的从句极易被看成一个定语从句。若选B，则定语从句前没有先行词。若选C，有了先行词，但定语从句缺的是地点状语，不能用that。 例7 How can we decide where to spend our holiday if you _____ your mind？ A. constantly change B. will constantly change C. are constantly changing D. have constantly changed 简析：答案为A。考查从句中的时态。条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 误区提醒：C项干扰性较强，但现在进行时多用于表示现在正在进行的动作，与句意不符。 例8 My brother，who is a middle school student，although，_____ from smoking，has fallen into the bad habit of drinking. A. stopping B. stopped C. has stopped D. to be stopped 简析：答案为B。此题中的让步状语从句不在通常的位置，起到了一定的干扰作用。可改写为：Although he was stopped from smoking，my brother has fallen into the bad habit of drinking.这样答案就比较清楚了。 误区提醒：在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，构成“连词+形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/介词短语/不定式”的结构。 三、名词性从句 例9 The prime minister expressed the wish ______ both sides seize the present opportunity to promote high―level exchanges. A. what B. that C. which D. why 简析：答案为 B。同位语从句表示wish的具体内容，同位语从句中不缺成分，因此用that连接。 误区提醒：引导同位语从句时，that为连词，在句中只起连接作用，没有词义，在从句中不能充当主语、宾语或表语，也不能用which替代。引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，指代先行词，有时能用which替代。 例10 ―I told him to take _____ he considered helpful to him and his family from everything _____ I had then. ―You were really kind to him. A. what；what B. what；whichever C. whatever；that D. whichever；that 简析：答案为C。第一空有“无论任何东西”之意，用whatever；第二空是定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系代词用that。 误区提醒：本题易误选D，因为whichever也可引导宾语从句，表示“从……当中任选一个”。根据下文everything可知，选择的东西还没确定，所以只有用whatever才能与句意相符。 例11 When we arrived in _____ used to be called the foggy capital，we found London completely changed. London is now one of the capital cities in the world with the finest air quality. A. which B. what C. that D. where 简析：答案为B。考查名词性从句。介词in后面的宾语从句缺少主语，选B。 误区提醒：that 和 what都可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分。that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 例12 I still doubt _____ the price of houses in Beijing will go down，but it remains to be seen. A. how B. whether C. why D. that 简析：答案为B。房价会不会下降还不确定，所以宾语从句用whether来引导。 误区提醒：doubt后接从句时，要视具体的情况来确定是用that还是用whether/if引导。通常在否定句和疑问句中，用that引导从句；在肯定句中，用whether/if来引导。（责任编校？筑彭益）
一、定语从句 例1 The songs the group sang in the concert were in Latin，German and French，much of _____ was all Greek to us. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 简析：答案为C。此处由“代词+ of +关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词Latin，German and French。 误区提醒：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，介词前置时，关系代词须用which或whom，而不能用that或who；介词后置时，可以用that，可以省略，也可以用主格代替宾格。 例2 Researchers are engaged in developing new energy cars _____ are bright with enormous market potential. A. that are believed B. which the experts believe C. the experts believe that D. the experts believe 简析：答案为B。the experts believe是插入语，插在定语从句中间。 误区提醒：命题者通过增加限定语、同位语、插入语、定语从句等成分，增加句子的复杂程度，造成考生的视觉误差，从而导致思维错位，产生误导。解答这类题时，考生只要去掉冗余信息（插入语、同位语等），答案就一目了然了。 例3 I liked to go to dances and parties，_____ I could have a good time just sitting and watching. A. where B. when C. which D. why 简析：答案为 A。后面的定语从句缺少地点状语，所以选A。 误区提醒：考生根据非限制性定语从句的特点，极易选择which，但此处的定语从句缺的是地点状语，要用where。 例4 In our daily life，we often come across occasions _____ one can think without language， just as one may speak without thinking. A. that B. which C. when D. where 简析：答案为C。先行词是occasions，表示时间，关系词在从句中作状语，所以用when。 误区提醒：situation，case，point，activity，occasion等表示地点或时间性质的先行词，其后常用where，when引导定语从句。这些先行词看起来并不表示地点或时间，容易被误看成事物而使用that或which引导定语从句。 二、状语从句 例5 ―What time did he come back yesterday？ ―It was not yet twelve o’clock _____ he arrived home. A. until B. that C. when D. before 简析：答案为C。本句是一个由when引导的时间状语从句。 误区提醒：有的考生误以为是在考查强调句，去掉it was和所填的that后，时间状语前缺少介词，句子不完整，因此该句是状语从句。此题若用until/before，则不符合逻辑。 例6 If you are sent to work _____ you are not used to the people’s lifestyles，be sure to adapt yourself to them as soon as possible. A. what B. in which C. in the place that D. where 简析：答案为D。空格前没名词，说明引导词引导的是地点状语从句，所以用关系副词where。 误区提醒：空格后的从句极易被看成一个定语从句。若选B，则定语从句前没有先行词。若选C，有了先行词，但定语从句缺的是地点状语，不能用that。 例7 How can we decide where to spend our holiday if you _____ your mind？ A. constantly change B. will constantly change C. are constantly changing D. have constantly changed 简析：答案为A。考查从句中的时态。条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 误区提醒：C项干扰性较强，但现在进行时多用于表示现在正在进行的动作，与句意不符。 例8 My brother，who is a middle school student，although，_____ from smoking，has fallen into the bad habit of drinking. A. stopping B. stopped C. has stopped D. to be stopped 简析：答案为B。此题中的让步状语从句不在通常的位置，起到了一定的干扰作用。可改写为：Although he was stopped from smoking，my brother has fallen into the bad habit of drinking.这样答案就比较清楚了。 误区提醒：在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，构成“连词+形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/介词短语/不定式”的结构。 三、名词性从句 例9 The prime minister expressed the wish ______ both sides seize the present opportunity to promote high―level exchanges. A. what B. that C. which D. why 简析：答案为 B。同位语从句表示wish的具体内容，同位语从句中不缺成分，因此用that连接。 误区提醒：引导同位语从句时，that为连词，在句中只起连接作用，没有词义，在从句中不能充当主语、宾语或表语，也不能用which替代。引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，指代先行词，有时能用which替代。 例10 ―I told him to take _____ he considered helpful to him and his family from everything _____ I had then. ―You were really kind to him. A. what；what B. what；whichever C. whatever；that D. whichever；that 简析：答案为C。第一空有“无论任何东西”之意，用whatever；第二空是定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系代词用that。 误区提醒：本题易误选D，因为whichever也可引导宾语从句，表示“从……当中任选一个”。根据下文everything可知，选择的东西还没确定，所以只有用whatever才能与句意相符。 例11 When we arrived in _____ used to be called the foggy capital，we found London completely changed. London is now one of the capital cities in the world with the finest air quality. A. which B. what C. that D. where 简析：答案为B。考查名词性从句。介词in后面的宾语从句缺少主语，选B。 误区提醒：that 和 what都可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分。that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 例12 I still doubt _____ the price of houses in Beijing will go down，but it remains to be seen. A. how B. whether C. why D. that 简析：答案为B。房价会不会下降还不确定，所以宾语从句用whether来引导。 误区提醒：doubt后接从句时，要视具体的情况来确定是用that还是用whether/if引导。通常在否定句和疑问句中，用that引导从句；在肯定句中，用whether/if来引导。（责任编校？筑彭益）