Unit 1 胜利者成功指南
1. How do successful people think? What drives them? To find out, I interviewed some of the people most successful in motivating others: top motivational speakers and bestselling authors of ―how-to-succeed‖ books. Here are seven keys to success that they share:
1.成功人士是怎么想的？什么在驱使着他们？为了得出答案，我采访了几个最能激励他人的成功人士：顶级激发动机演讲家和―如何成功‖之类畅销书的作者。以下是他们共同具备的七条成功秘诀：
6. Live life “on purpose”. Perhaps what most separates motivational superstars from others is that they live life ―on purpose‖- they are doing what they fully believe they were put here to do. ―Having a purpose in your life is the most important element of becoming a fully functioning person,‖ says Wayne Dyer, author of the best-selling Your Erroneous Zones.
6. ―有目的‖ 地生活。也许最可以区分这些动机界超级明星们跟其他人的是他们―有目的‖地生活――他们做着他们深信能让他们像现在这么成功的事情。―生活中有目标是成为真正有用之人的最重要因素，‖韦恩﹒戴尔（畅销书«你的误区»的作者）说。
7. Not living life on purpose consists of expending just enough effort to get by with the least amount of problems. When you live life on purpose, your main concern is doing the job right. You love what you do and it shows. People want to do business with you because they sense your commitment.
7. 没有目的地生活指的是，不多花一点力气，去解决最少量的问题，得过且过。但当你有目标地活着时，你最关心的就是把事情干好。你热爱自己的所作所为…这是显而易见的。人们愿意和你打交道，因为他们能感受到你的责任感。
12. Be willing to pay the price. Wanting a big house, a luxury car or a million dollars is nice, but the problem is that practically everyone wants these things. Successful people find out what it costs to make their dream come true and
then make it happen. They don‘t complain about the work they take up.
12. 愿意付出代价。想要一栋大房子，一辆奢侈的轿车或者上百万美元无可厚非，但问题是事实上每个人都想要这些东西。成功人士清楚要付出什么代价可以使他们的梦想成真，然后他们就做了。他们不会抱怨自己承担的工作。
18. When Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen compiled Chicken Soup for the Soul, they were turned down by more than a hundred publishers. But instead of giving up, they stayed focused on their goal. Eventually, a small outfit decided to publish the book. It not only became a best seller but also hatched an entire series of Chicken Soup books that have sold more than 12 million copies. That‘s the power of perseverance.
18. 当杰克﹒坎菲尔德和马克﹒维克托﹒汉森编辑了心灵鸡汤的时候，他们被一百多个出版商回绝过。但是他们没有放弃，他们坚持他们的理想。最后，一个小出版社决定出版他们的书。它不仅成为最畅销书而且衍生了一系列的心灵鸡汤，而心灵鸡汤已经卖出了一千二百多万本了。这就是坚定不移的力量。
empower 授权
erroneous 错误，不准确
fantasy 幻想 destination 目的地 comedy 喜剧 outfit 公司机构
Unit 2 你正在变的聪明吗？
2. There‘s just one little problem. Leaving aside for now the very real question of whether IQ is truly a proxy for intelligence, scientists can‘t explain what has made IQ scores take off. Neither nature nor nurture-genes nor environment-answers the question, for different reasons. Much data, from twin studies to adoption research, suggests that genes account for some 75 percent of the difference between individuals‘ IQs by late adolescence. That leaves precious little room for environment to play a role. But explaining the IQ rise by ―smarter‖ genes makes no sense, because the genes in a population do not change quickly enough to explain the IQ difference between the Greatest Generation and Gen Y. That would seem to make environment the leading suspect, but then you‘re back to that 800-pound gorilla in the corner: psychologists who study intelligence mostly agree that hereditary factors explain the lion‘s share of IQ differences.
2. 这里有一个小问题。现在暂不考虑IQ是否真正代表了智力这一问题，科学家们不能解释什么使得IQ值飞速增长。天生因素或后天因素——基因或环境，由于不同的原因，都无法解答这个问题。许多对双胞胎研究和领养儿童的数据表明，在青春期后期个体IQ的差异中，基因占75%。这样说来，环境就几乎没有发挥作用的余地了。但是用基因变―聪明了‖来解释IQ的上升似乎不妥。因为人类基因的改变不会如此迅速能够解释―了不起的一代‖和 ―Y‖两代人之间IQ的不同。那似乎有使我们怀疑环境起到很大作用，但是我们有不得不面对这样一个问题：研究智商的心理学家大多数都认同遗传性因素来解释IQ差异的主要因素。
3. ―It‘s been paradox,‖ says William Dichens of the Brookings Institution. ―The high heritability of IQ suggests that environment is feeble, but IQ gains over time suggest that environment is overwhelmingly powerful.‖ To untangle the mystery, Dickens teamed up with James Flynn, who in 1987 discovered the IQ rise, now called the Flynn effect. In a study being published this week in Psychological Review, the duo offer an explanation that not only might resolve
the paradox but may also shed light on the forces that shape intelligence. ―People‘s IQs are affected by both environment and genes, but ... their environments are matched to their IQs,‖ the researchers conclude. In other words, genes do indeed have an important effect: they cause people to seek out certain environments, certain life experiences. If you have a biological edge in intelligence, for instance, you will likely enjoy school, books, puzzles, asking questions and thinking abstractly, all of which will tend to amplify your innate brainpower. ―Higher IQ leads one into better environments, causing still higher IQ,‖ say Dickens and Flynn. Thanks to that multiplier effect, you will likely study even more, haunt the library, pester adults with questions and choose bright peers as friends, boosting your intelligence yet again.
3. ―这两者似乎是矛盾的，‖ Brookings Institution的William Dickens说道：―这种IQ的高遗传性表明环境起的作用是微弱的，但是IQ随着时间快速增长表明环境的影响是无比强大的。‖为了揭开这个秘密，Dickens和James合作（James Flynn在1987发现了IQ上升的现象，现在被称为Flynn现象）。在本周即将出版于《心理学评论》的一份研究报告中，这对搭档对IQ上升现象作出了解释，这不仅有可能解决基因与环境的矛盾，还有可能有助于人们了解是什么因素决定了人的智慧。两位研究人员 得出结论―人的IQ同时受环境和基因的影响．但是…人的环境是与IQ相匹配的。‖换句话说，基因确实起很重要的作用：他们可以引起人们寻求某种环境、某种生活经历例如．如果你在智力方面有生理优势，你就可能喜欢上学、读书、猜谜，问问题及进行抽象思维，而所有这些又会增强你内在的智能。Dickens和Flynn说：―高智商使人进入较好的环境。更高的IQ可以使一个人有更好的环境，从而引起他有更好的IQ。‖由于这种叠加效应．你会更加喜欢学习、去图书馆、不停地问大人问题并选择聪明的同伴为友，于是你就变得越发聪明。
recruit 招募，新兵
stump 把某人难住
soar 猛增 nurture 养育，培育 adoption收养，采纳通过
overwhelming压倒性 haunt 常去（某地） boost 提高，增强 frustrate使受挫，灰心 stumble 绊倒
shatter 粉碎，砸碎
indulge 纵容，沉溺
Unit 3全球化
13. Cooper Wright, the senior producer in New York, believes American children could stand to gain from some of the material in the Chinese show. ―I think we could benefit a lot from the aesthetics,‖ she said. ―And the respect for elders. I think some of the segments with the grandfather are wonderful, and I‘d hope they could influence our shows.‖
13. 在纽约的高级制片人Cooper Wright认为美国孩子也能从该档中国电视节目的内容中有收获，―我想我们可以从审美观上获得很多好处‖，她说，―另外，对长者尊敬也值得学习。我认为爷爷出场的一些段落很精彩，我希望这些片段能影响我们的节目。‖
15. McDonald‘s may be the most notorious name in the whole complex
business of American culture going abroad. There are approximately 24,500 McDonald‘s restaurants in over 115 countries; a new McDonald‘s opens somewhere in the world every six hours. Like Coke, though, it‘s easy to
denigrate as the symbol of the unhealthy, commercial side of American culture. Some Japanese critics have blamed sugar-laden junk food for juvenile crime.
15. 麦当劳可能是美国文化走向国外之举中最恶名昭彰的企业了。大概有24500家餐厅在超过115个国家经营着；每6小时就有一家麦当劳在世界上某个地方开业。然而，就像可口可乐一样，麦当劳很容易被诋毁为美国文化不健康、商业化一面的代表。一些日本批评家将青少年犯罪归咎于这样的高糖的垃圾食品。
26. Let‘s not dwell on the paradox to which he seemed oblivious: that in that moment he represented lots of Western, if not strictly American, elements, from the jeans to the ironic slogan on his chest. Being able to enjoy the very things you‘re criticizing strikes me as a fundamentally Western experience, and possibly a positive one.
26. 他的话中有自相矛盾之处，他似乎没意识到这里有个矛盾，我们暂不深究：在那一刻，他身上有很多代表了即便不是严格意义上的美国，起码也是西方的元素，从他穿的牛仔裤到他胸口那句讽刺的标语都是。你所享受的东西恰恰是你所抨击的，这在我看来，从本质上讲是一种西方人做法，并且是有积极意义的做法。
27. But those who are quick to criticize America often seem unaware that America is not some one-size-fits-all culture, but arguably the most
multicultural society on Earth. Thousands of things that we think of as
American came from somewhere else: Christmas trees, hot dogs and beer. An elderly Indian professor of sociology named Yogendra Singh understands this better than the boy in St. Petersburg.
27. 但是那些急于批评美国的人通常并不清楚，美国文化并非单一的适合所有人的文化，而是世界上一个有争议的多文化社会。有数以千计的我们以为是美国本土的东西其实来自别的什么地方，比如：圣诞树、热狗、啤酒。有一位名为Yogendra Singh的年长的印度社会学教授在对这一点的认识要比在圣彼得堡的那个男孩好得多。
globalization全球化
dramatically印象深刻
globality 全球性 mutton 羊肉 horrible 恐怖 unaware 未觉察 multicultura多元文化 incorporate 包含合并
essence 本质，实质
interchange 交换，交
替
historic 史上著名的
ballet 芭蕾
authentic真正的 applaud 赞许 resign 容忍，屈从 multinational 多国 expectation 预期 rally 集会 展望，blend 混合，交融 collaborate 协作 initiative倡议，进取 version 版本，描述 notorious声名狼藉 responsive 响应
Muslim 穆斯林 dwell 详述 slogan 口号
Unit 4裁员
3. Peterson, 40, is one of 1,700 full-time Dell workers who lost their jobs since February, in an economy that has been shedding 100,000 workers a month since the beginning of the year. Last week Winstar Communications, once a wireless wonder, hung up on 2,000 employees-44% of its staff. TiVo, Sycamore Networks and Extreme Networks added more bodies to the tech sector‘s growing pile. AOL Time Warner has announced 2,400 job cuts in response to the slowing economy and pressure from Wall Street. By week‘s end unemployment had hit 4.3%, a slight but ominous rise. Worse, job creation was down, more evidence that recession is at hand.
3. Peterson是Dell 1，700名全职员工中的一员，他今年，自从二月份，戴尔公司有1700名全职员工丢掉了工作，40岁的Peterson是其中一员。从今年年初开始，经济的滑坡使得每月有100,000人失业。上周，曾经创造过无线事业奇迹的Winstar通讯公司解雇了2，000名员工，占到了所有员工的44%。TiVo、Sycamore网络、Extreme网络等公司是技术产业的解雇大军更加庞大。美国在线的时代华纳为了应对经济的滑坡及来自华尔街的压力，宣布有2，400名员工将被解雇。截至本周末，失业率已经达到了4.3%，虽然这个比例的上升比较小，但是却暗示着有进一步上升趋势的不祥征兆，更糟的是，创造就业的机会在下降，更多的迹象表明正在进入经济衰退的阶段。
4. Dell‘s cuts illustrate both the abruptness of the downturn and the almost chaotic nature of today‘s layoffs, even for companies trying to do right. Dell isn‘t a Rust Belt dinosaur or a business-plan-and-a-prayer dotcom. Its workers helped write one of the great business success stories of modern times. Dell was founded in 1984 to sell computers without a middleman(Direct from Dell, the ads said). Its hyperefficient model helped it pass Compaq t become North America‘s largest PC manufacturer. Nor is Dell‘s good news all behind it. Just last Thursday, Dell almost single-handedly ran the Dow up 400 points when it confirmed that first-quarter profit estimates were on track. Last year the
company earned $2.3 billion on sales of $32 billion.
4. 即使对于那些想把工作做好的公司情况也是如此。DELL不是锈带地区的一家衰败企业。也不是一个制定了计划就靠祈祷生存的dotcom公司，它的员工谱写了现代商业成功最伟大的篇章。DELL成立于1984年，是没有分销商的计算机销售公司(其广告词是：DELL直销)。他的高效模式使得他超越了Compaq成为北美最大的电脑制造商。戴尔的好消息远不止于此，就在上个周四，Dell就凭一己之力使得Dow指数冲破400点大关，这源自Dell用实际情况证明了第一季度利润评估的准确性。去年，Dell赢利23亿美元，销售额达到320亿。
12. The news didn‘t come as a complete shock. When Davidson started out, money ran freely. ―The mood was, ‗Gosh, Dell has oodles of loot,‘‖ he says. ―‗Let‘s just spend, spend, spend.‘‖ But a year ago, when the dotcom bubble burst, everything changed. It was harder to get anything more than a bare-bones computer to work on, and training was halted for several months. ―You could practically hear the screws being tightened,‖ says Davidson.
12. 这种情况的到来并不是完全让人意外的。当Davidson离职后，钱可以随便的花。―这种心情是：天哪，Dell太有钱了，‖他说，―让我们不停地花吧。‖但是一年前，当网络泡沫破裂时，一切都改变了。用以计算机的配置都是最基本的，很难得到其他配置，培训也停止了几个月。Davidson说：―你明显感到情况变得越来越糟糕。‖
14. Many of the fired workers object to the way they were let go. Just days before D-day, as Feb.15 is now known at Dell, management was denying planned job cuts. On D-day, officers from the Texas Department of Public Safety showed up at the Dell campus to escort the doomed to their cars. Workers were encouraged to sign ―the bribe,‖ an agreement not to discuss their package or sue Dell, in exchange for up to four extra weeks of severance.
14. 一些被解雇的人反对他们被解雇的方式。在2月15日(即裁员计划实行的日子，DELL人如今把这天称为D-day)的前些天，管理层还否认有裁员的计划。在2月15日，来自Texas公共安全部门的官员出现在Dell的厂区来护送那些被解
雇的人上车。DELL鼓励工人们签署一份―贿赂‖书。即一份他们不私下谈论解雇赔偿金数额并且不起诉Dell。就可以得到最多4周额外的解雇加发工资的协议。
script 剧本，脚本
squad 小组
recession 衰退
chaotic 混乱，紊乱
package 一揽子
terminate 使终止
bonus 奖金
coverage 保险承保
范围
recruit 招聘 laptop 便携式电脑 corporate 公司法人 escort 护送 bribe 贿赂 redundant 过剩的，被解雇的 rigorous 严苛的 trail 追踪 productivity 生产力 profitability 盈利 shareholder 股东 marketable 畅销 casualty 受害，伤亡人员
Unit 6保护自然，只为人类
1. Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy. But now that everyone from Ted Turner to George Bush, Dow to Exxon has professed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, restrictions, projects, regulations and laws advanced in the name of the environment? Clearly not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How to choose?
1. 目前，在文明的社会中，对环境的敏感性和对诸如民主的信仰一样是一种不可或缺的态度。但是既然从泰德.特纳到乔治.布什，从美国道化学公司到埃克森公司，每个人都声称自己热爱地球，在这么多以环境名义提出的相互矛盾的建议，约束，提案规章制度，法律法规中，我们该如何选取呢？选而易见 ，不是冠以环境名义的每项建议都值得去尝试。我们究竟该如何选择？
2. There is a simple way. First, distinguish between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things it would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Then apply a rule. Call it the fundamental axiom of sane environmentalism: Combatting ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.
2. 这里有一种简便的方法，首先，要区分什么是保护环境的奢侈品，什么是保护环境的必需品。奢侈的东西是那些不需要付出什么代价而能够拥有就好的东西。必需品是我们无论如何都必须要拥有的东西。其次，应用一条规则，我们可以称它为一个理智的环保主义的的基本公理：与直接威胁人类身体健康和安全的生态变化的斗争是环保的必需品。而其他的都是奢侈的行为。
4. The reality of the greenhouse effect is more speculative, though its possible consequences are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disrupted climate, parched plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds the world. Are we prepared to see Iowa acquire New Mexico‘s desert climate? And Siberia acquire Iowa‘s?
4. 对温室效应的现实影响更多是推测性的，不过它可能的后果却更加有毁灭性：冰川融化，海岸线被淹没，气候被破坏，土地干涸，最终，食物消失殆尽，美国中西部地区的粮食供养着全世界。难道我们愿意看到衣阿华州变成新墨西哥州的沙漠气候，西伯利亚变成衣阿华州吗？
7. Of course, this anthropocentrism runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that indulges in earth worship to the point of idolatry. One scientific theory-Gaia theory –actually claims that Earth is a living organism. This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual. It is nothing more than sentimental. It takes, for example, a highly selective view of the benignity of nature. My nature worship stops with the April twister that came through Kansa or the May cyclone that killed more than 125,000 Bengalis and left to million(!) homeless.
7. 当然，人类中心说与当代环保主义的宗旨是相对立的，后者对地球的崇拜已经到了偶像崇拜的地步了，一个科学理论（盖娅理论）声称地球实际上是一个活的生命体。这种环保主义喜欢把自己看成是神圣的。其实他只不过是感情用事而已。比如，在自然是否友善的问题上，当代环保主义采用了高度片面地看问题的态度。四月份龙卷风肆虐堪萨斯州和五月的飓风大作粉碎了我对自然的崇拜。那场飓风造成125，000多孟加拉国人的死亡，还使1000多万人无家可归。
8. A nonsentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagoras‘ maxim that ―Man is the measure of all things.‖ Such a principle helps us through the thicket of environmental argument. Take the current debate raging over oil drilling in a corner of the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge. Environmentalists, mobilizing against a bill working its way through the U.S. Congress to permit such exploration, argue that Americans should be conserving energy instead of drilling for it. This is a false either/or proposition. The U.S. does need a sizable energy tax to reduce consumption. But it needs more production too. Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-fifty chance that under the ANWR lies one of the five largest oil fields ever discovered in America.
8. 理智的环保主义是建立在普罗泰哥拉的格言―人是一切事物的尺度‖基础上的。这条基本原则帮助我们梳理错综复杂的有关环境保护的争议。以当前在阿拉斯加国家野生动物保护区的一角开采石油的甚嚣尘上的争论为例。环保主义者动员人们起来反对目前正在美国国会审议的此项开发议案。他们争辩说美国应该保护能源而不是开采能源。这是一个错误的非此即彼的主张。美国确实需要征收高额的能源税来减少能源消耗。但它也需要生产更多的能源。政府部门估计在阿拉斯加国家野生动物保护区蕴藏着美国已经探明的五大油田之一的可能性高达50%。
13. Man should accommodate only when his fate and that of nature are inextricably bound up. The most urgent accommodation must be made when the very integrity of man‘s habitat-e.g., atmospheric ozone-is threatened. When the threat to man is of a lesser order (say, the pollutants from coal-and oil-fired generators that cause death from disease but not fatal damage to the ecosystem), a more modulated accommodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order. But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environment-because it is man‘s environment.
13. 只有当人类的命运与自然的命运紧密联系时人类才需要改变自己。当人类的栖息地的完整性--如大气中的臭氧---受到威胁是，人类必须立即改变自身的行为方式。而当人类受到威胁较小时（比如燃煤和燃油发电机释放的污染物导致患病死亡，但对生态系统无致命损害），恰当的做法应该是通过权衡考量经济和健康因素进行适度调整。但是适用于这两种情况的原则是一致的：保护环境，因为这是我们人类的环境。
sensitivity 敏感
combat 与…斗争
depletion减少，耗尽
disrupt 扰乱，分裂 preserve 保护，保留 sentimentalize 浪漫色彩，伤感
sentimental sentimentalism indulge conserve 沉溺纵容 节约保护
In this section there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. A ________ is a person who has just joined the armed forces or is new member of
a club or a society.
A) peer B) suspect C) wannabe D) recruit
2. Women often have a _____________ of iron in their bodies. This is often because
they eat too restricted a diet.
A) deficit B) decrease C) deficiency D) defect
3. You know sounds are transmitted by some materials and it is the material you use
that will restrict or __________ sound waves.
A) multiply B) amplify C) expand D) enhance
4. Gene therapy may someday be able to cure __________ diseases, which are
caused by missing or defective genes.
A) retarded B) erroneous C) innate D) hereditary
5. Most countries concern themselves with economic development, __________ its
effect on the global ecology.
A) given that B) rather than C) in contrast with D) regardless of
6. Many parents worry about whether their children studying overseas can get
_________ Chinese food in a foreign country.
A) authentic B) horrible C) redundant D) nutritious
7. They hired her because she demonstrated a lot of _________ in her last job by
reorganizing the office.
A) initials B) expectation C) profitability D) initiative
8. They decided to ___________ their business partnership right after the one-year
contract was signed.
A) dissolve B) resolve C) applaud D) interchange
9. His research will be carried out in _____________ with industry in Europe and
the US.
A) collaboration B) team C) duo D) response
10. ___________, it was the government that was blamed by him for the affair that
gave him the chance to return to work after retirement.
A) Drastically B) Ironically C) Mercifully D) Humanely
11. During the war, this small island country decided to _____________ diplomatic
connections with its aggressive neighbor.
A) terminate B) escort C) trail D) assess
12. People don’t want to have a _________ reputation because that means
unfavorably well-known.
A) ubiquitous B) notorious C) doomed D) historic
13. The exchange of goodwill missions greatly _________ the better understanding of
the two countries.
A) attributes to B) cuts back on C) contributes to D) draws on
14. The science of biology has had a _______ effect on how we understand the
evolution of human beings.
A) historic B) hungry C) profound D) peer
15. The Gulf States produce more oil than they need and sell the _______ to the rest
of the world.
A) surplus B) salary C) essence D) expectation
16. He is also having _______ treatment in the hope that he will be able to train on
Friday.
A) fatal B) global C) authentic D) intensive
17. You must conform to the _______ of the society you live in.
A) negative B) norm C) fantasy D) freedom
18. The meeting was _______ by a group of anti-war protesters who shouted outside
the room.
A) bordered B) blended C) disrupted D) destroyed
19．When she saw the summer flowers fading, she felt very _______.
A) sentimental B) redundant C) productive D) noiseless
20. Education should aim to _______ children’s mind to its utmost potential.
A) wonder B) wear C) cultivate D) cover
21. John has a nature. He is ready to answer most of the questions
asked by the teacher and is quite active in class, so he is usually regarded as a
good student.
A) responsible B) authentic C) restricted D) responsive
22. When we are in difficulty, it’s better for us to pull ourselves together and figure
out what to do next rather than too much on the past.
A) applaud B) despair C) dwell D) dedicate
23. In the economic , many workers will lose their jobs since there is
not enough work for them to do.
A) reduction B) recession C) redundancy D) recovery
24. The students in colleges have to to the lecture system in which their
interests and initiative are often neglected.
A) resign B) recruit C) resolve D) reserve
25. It was very late when Mary finished writing her term paper in the library, so she
had to call the police to her home.
A) equip B) search C) escort D) check
Key
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D
6. A 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. B
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A
16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C
21. ( D ) 22. ( C ) 23. ( B ) 24. ( A ) 25. ( C )
Unit 1 胜利者成功指南
1. How do successful people think? What drives them? To find out, I interviewed some of the people most successful in motivating others: top motivational speakers and bestselling authors of ―how-to-succeed‖ books. Here are seven keys to success that they share:
1.成功人士是怎么想的？什么在驱使着他们？为了得出答案，我采访了几个最能激励他人的成功人士：顶级激发动机演讲家和―如何成功‖之类畅销书的作者。以下是他们共同具备的七条成功秘诀：
6. Live life “on purpose”. Perhaps what most separates motivational superstars from others is that they live life ―on purpose‖- they are doing what they fully believe they were put here to do. ―Having a purpose in your life is the most important element of becoming a fully functioning person,‖ says Wayne Dyer, author of the best-selling Your Erroneous Zones.
6. ―有目的‖ 地生活。也许最可以区分这些动机界超级明星们跟其他人的是他们―有目的‖地生活――他们做着他们深信能让他们像现在这么成功的事情。―生活中有目标是成为真正有用之人的最重要因素，‖韦恩﹒戴尔（畅销书«你的误区»的作者）说。
7. Not living life on purpose consists of expending just enough effort to get by with the least amount of problems. When you live life on purpose, your main concern is doing the job right. You love what you do and it shows. People want to do business with you because they sense your commitment.
7. 没有目的地生活指的是，不多花一点力气，去解决最少量的问题，得过且过。但当你有目标地活着时，你最关心的就是把事情干好。你热爱自己的所作所为…这是显而易见的。人们愿意和你打交道，因为他们能感受到你的责任感。
12. Be willing to pay the price. Wanting a big house, a luxury car or a million dollars is nice, but the problem is that practically everyone wants these things. Successful people find out what it costs to make their dream come true and
then make it happen. They don‘t complain about the work they take up.
12. 愿意付出代价。想要一栋大房子，一辆奢侈的轿车或者上百万美元无可厚非，但问题是事实上每个人都想要这些东西。成功人士清楚要付出什么代价可以使他们的梦想成真，然后他们就做了。他们不会抱怨自己承担的工作。
18. When Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen compiled Chicken Soup for the Soul, they were turned down by more than a hundred publishers. But instead of giving up, they stayed focused on their goal. Eventually, a small outfit decided to publish the book. It not only became a best seller but also hatched an entire series of Chicken Soup books that have sold more than 12 million copies. That‘s the power of perseverance.
18. 当杰克﹒坎菲尔德和马克﹒维克托﹒汉森编辑了心灵鸡汤的时候，他们被一百多个出版商回绝过。但是他们没有放弃，他们坚持他们的理想。最后，一个小出版社决定出版他们的书。它不仅成为最畅销书而且衍生了一系列的心灵鸡汤，而心灵鸡汤已经卖出了一千二百多万本了。这就是坚定不移的力量。
empower 授权
erroneous 错误，不准确
fantasy 幻想 destination 目的地 comedy 喜剧 outfit 公司机构
Unit 2 你正在变的聪明吗？
2. There‘s just one little problem. Leaving aside for now the very real question of whether IQ is truly a proxy for intelligence, scientists can‘t explain what has made IQ scores take off. Neither nature nor nurture-genes nor environment-answers the question, for different reasons. Much data, from twin studies to adoption research, suggests that genes account for some 75 percent of the difference between individuals‘ IQs by late adolescence. That leaves precious little room for environment to play a role. But explaining the IQ rise by ―smarter‖ genes makes no sense, because the genes in a population do not change quickly enough to explain the IQ difference between the Greatest Generation and Gen Y. That would seem to make environment the leading suspect, but then you‘re back to that 800-pound gorilla in the corner: psychologists who study intelligence mostly agree that hereditary factors explain the lion‘s share of IQ differences.
2. 这里有一个小问题。现在暂不考虑IQ是否真正代表了智力这一问题，科学家们不能解释什么使得IQ值飞速增长。天生因素或后天因素——基因或环境，由于不同的原因，都无法解答这个问题。许多对双胞胎研究和领养儿童的数据表明，在青春期后期个体IQ的差异中，基因占75%。这样说来，环境就几乎没有发挥作用的余地了。但是用基因变―聪明了‖来解释IQ的上升似乎不妥。因为人类基因的改变不会如此迅速能够解释―了不起的一代‖和 ―Y‖两代人之间IQ的不同。那似乎有使我们怀疑环境起到很大作用，但是我们有不得不面对这样一个问题：研究智商的心理学家大多数都认同遗传性因素来解释IQ差异的主要因素。
3. ―It‘s been paradox,‖ says William Dichens of the Brookings Institution. ―The high heritability of IQ suggests that environment is feeble, but IQ gains over time suggest that environment is overwhelmingly powerful.‖ To untangle the mystery, Dickens teamed up with James Flynn, who in 1987 discovered the IQ rise, now called the Flynn effect. In a study being published this week in Psychological Review, the duo offer an explanation that not only might resolve
the paradox but may also shed light on the forces that shape intelligence. ―People‘s IQs are affected by both environment and genes, but ... their environments are matched to their IQs,‖ the researchers conclude. In other words, genes do indeed have an important effect: they cause people to seek out certain environments, certain life experiences. If you have a biological edge in intelligence, for instance, you will likely enjoy school, books, puzzles, asking questions and thinking abstractly, all of which will tend to amplify your innate brainpower. ―Higher IQ leads one into better environments, causing still higher IQ,‖ say Dickens and Flynn. Thanks to that multiplier effect, you will likely study even more, haunt the library, pester adults with questions and choose bright peers as friends, boosting your intelligence yet again.
3. ―这两者似乎是矛盾的，‖ Brookings Institution的William Dickens说道：―这种IQ的高遗传性表明环境起的作用是微弱的，但是IQ随着时间快速增长表明环境的影响是无比强大的。‖为了揭开这个秘密，Dickens和James合作（James Flynn在1987发现了IQ上升的现象，现在被称为Flynn现象）。在本周即将出版于《心理学评论》的一份研究报告中，这对搭档对IQ上升现象作出了解释，这不仅有可能解决基因与环境的矛盾，还有可能有助于人们了解是什么因素决定了人的智慧。两位研究人员 得出结论―人的IQ同时受环境和基因的影响．但是…人的环境是与IQ相匹配的。‖换句话说，基因确实起很重要的作用：他们可以引起人们寻求某种环境、某种生活经历例如．如果你在智力方面有生理优势，你就可能喜欢上学、读书、猜谜，问问题及进行抽象思维，而所有这些又会增强你内在的智能。Dickens和Flynn说：―高智商使人进入较好的环境。更高的IQ可以使一个人有更好的环境，从而引起他有更好的IQ。‖由于这种叠加效应．你会更加喜欢学习、去图书馆、不停地问大人问题并选择聪明的同伴为友，于是你就变得越发聪明。
recruit 招募，新兵
stump 把某人难住
soar 猛增 nurture 养育，培育 adoption收养，采纳通过
overwhelming压倒性 haunt 常去（某地） boost 提高，增强 frustrate使受挫，灰心 stumble 绊倒
shatter 粉碎，砸碎
indulge 纵容，沉溺
Unit 3全球化
13. Cooper Wright, the senior producer in New York, believes American children could stand to gain from some of the material in the Chinese show. ―I think we could benefit a lot from the aesthetics,‖ she said. ―And the respect for elders. I think some of the segments with the grandfather are wonderful, and I‘d hope they could influence our shows.‖
13. 在纽约的高级制片人Cooper Wright认为美国孩子也能从该档中国电视节目的内容中有收获，―我想我们可以从审美观上获得很多好处‖，她说，―另外，对长者尊敬也值得学习。我认为爷爷出场的一些段落很精彩，我希望这些片段能影响我们的节目。‖
15. McDonald‘s may be the most notorious name in the whole complex
business of American culture going abroad. There are approximately 24,500 McDonald‘s restaurants in over 115 countries; a new McDonald‘s opens somewhere in the world every six hours. Like Coke, though, it‘s easy to
denigrate as the symbol of the unhealthy, commercial side of American culture. Some Japanese critics have blamed sugar-laden junk food for juvenile crime.
15. 麦当劳可能是美国文化走向国外之举中最恶名昭彰的企业了。大概有24500家餐厅在超过115个国家经营着；每6小时就有一家麦当劳在世界上某个地方开业。然而，就像可口可乐一样，麦当劳很容易被诋毁为美国文化不健康、商业化一面的代表。一些日本批评家将青少年犯罪归咎于这样的高糖的垃圾食品。
26. Let‘s not dwell on the paradox to which he seemed oblivious: that in that moment he represented lots of Western, if not strictly American, elements, from the jeans to the ironic slogan on his chest. Being able to enjoy the very things you‘re criticizing strikes me as a fundamentally Western experience, and possibly a positive one.
26. 他的话中有自相矛盾之处，他似乎没意识到这里有个矛盾，我们暂不深究：在那一刻，他身上有很多代表了即便不是严格意义上的美国，起码也是西方的元素，从他穿的牛仔裤到他胸口那句讽刺的标语都是。你所享受的东西恰恰是你所抨击的，这在我看来，从本质上讲是一种西方人做法，并且是有积极意义的做法。
27. But those who are quick to criticize America often seem unaware that America is not some one-size-fits-all culture, but arguably the most
multicultural society on Earth. Thousands of things that we think of as
American came from somewhere else: Christmas trees, hot dogs and beer. An elderly Indian professor of sociology named Yogendra Singh understands this better than the boy in St. Petersburg.
27. 但是那些急于批评美国的人通常并不清楚，美国文化并非单一的适合所有人的文化，而是世界上一个有争议的多文化社会。有数以千计的我们以为是美国本土的东西其实来自别的什么地方，比如：圣诞树、热狗、啤酒。有一位名为Yogendra Singh的年长的印度社会学教授在对这一点的认识要比在圣彼得堡的那个男孩好得多。
globalization全球化
dramatically印象深刻
globality 全球性 mutton 羊肉 horrible 恐怖 unaware 未觉察 multicultura多元文化 incorporate 包含合并
essence 本质，实质
interchange 交换，交
替
historic 史上著名的
ballet 芭蕾
authentic真正的 applaud 赞许 resign 容忍，屈从 multinational 多国 expectation 预期 rally 集会 展望，blend 混合，交融 collaborate 协作 initiative倡议，进取 version 版本，描述 notorious声名狼藉 responsive 响应
Muslim 穆斯林 dwell 详述 slogan 口号
Unit 4裁员
3. Peterson, 40, is one of 1,700 full-time Dell workers who lost their jobs since February, in an economy that has been shedding 100,000 workers a month since the beginning of the year. Last week Winstar Communications, once a wireless wonder, hung up on 2,000 employees-44% of its staff. TiVo, Sycamore Networks and Extreme Networks added more bodies to the tech sector‘s growing pile. AOL Time Warner has announced 2,400 job cuts in response to the slowing economy and pressure from Wall Street. By week‘s end unemployment had hit 4.3%, a slight but ominous rise. Worse, job creation was down, more evidence that recession is at hand.
3. Peterson是Dell 1，700名全职员工中的一员，他今年，自从二月份，戴尔公司有1700名全职员工丢掉了工作，40岁的Peterson是其中一员。从今年年初开始，经济的滑坡使得每月有100,000人失业。上周，曾经创造过无线事业奇迹的Winstar通讯公司解雇了2，000名员工，占到了所有员工的44%。TiVo、Sycamore网络、Extreme网络等公司是技术产业的解雇大军更加庞大。美国在线的时代华纳为了应对经济的滑坡及来自华尔街的压力，宣布有2，400名员工将被解雇。截至本周末，失业率已经达到了4.3%，虽然这个比例的上升比较小，但是却暗示着有进一步上升趋势的不祥征兆，更糟的是，创造就业的机会在下降，更多的迹象表明正在进入经济衰退的阶段。
4. Dell‘s cuts illustrate both the abruptness of the downturn and the almost chaotic nature of today‘s layoffs, even for companies trying to do right. Dell isn‘t a Rust Belt dinosaur or a business-plan-and-a-prayer dotcom. Its workers helped write one of the great business success stories of modern times. Dell was founded in 1984 to sell computers without a middleman(Direct from Dell, the ads said). Its hyperefficient model helped it pass Compaq t become North America‘s largest PC manufacturer. Nor is Dell‘s good news all behind it. Just last Thursday, Dell almost single-handedly ran the Dow up 400 points when it confirmed that first-quarter profit estimates were on track. Last year the
company earned $2.3 billion on sales of $32 billion.
4. 即使对于那些想把工作做好的公司情况也是如此。DELL不是锈带地区的一家衰败企业。也不是一个制定了计划就靠祈祷生存的dotcom公司，它的员工谱写了现代商业成功最伟大的篇章。DELL成立于1984年，是没有分销商的计算机销售公司(其广告词是：DELL直销)。他的高效模式使得他超越了Compaq成为北美最大的电脑制造商。戴尔的好消息远不止于此，就在上个周四，Dell就凭一己之力使得Dow指数冲破400点大关，这源自Dell用实际情况证明了第一季度利润评估的准确性。去年，Dell赢利23亿美元，销售额达到320亿。
12. The news didn‘t come as a complete shock. When Davidson started out, money ran freely. ―The mood was, ‗Gosh, Dell has oodles of loot,‘‖ he says. ―‗Let‘s just spend, spend, spend.‘‖ But a year ago, when the dotcom bubble burst, everything changed. It was harder to get anything more than a bare-bones computer to work on, and training was halted for several months. ―You could practically hear the screws being tightened,‖ says Davidson.
12. 这种情况的到来并不是完全让人意外的。当Davidson离职后，钱可以随便的花。―这种心情是：天哪，Dell太有钱了，‖他说，―让我们不停地花吧。‖但是一年前，当网络泡沫破裂时，一切都改变了。用以计算机的配置都是最基本的，很难得到其他配置，培训也停止了几个月。Davidson说：―你明显感到情况变得越来越糟糕。‖
14. Many of the fired workers object to the way they were let go. Just days before D-day, as Feb.15 is now known at Dell, management was denying planned job cuts. On D-day, officers from the Texas Department of Public Safety showed up at the Dell campus to escort the doomed to their cars. Workers were encouraged to sign ―the bribe,‖ an agreement not to discuss their package or sue Dell, in exchange for up to four extra weeks of severance.
14. 一些被解雇的人反对他们被解雇的方式。在2月15日(即裁员计划实行的日子，DELL人如今把这天称为D-day)的前些天，管理层还否认有裁员的计划。在2月15日，来自Texas公共安全部门的官员出现在Dell的厂区来护送那些被解
雇的人上车。DELL鼓励工人们签署一份―贿赂‖书。即一份他们不私下谈论解雇赔偿金数额并且不起诉Dell。就可以得到最多4周额外的解雇加发工资的协议。
script 剧本，脚本
squad 小组
recession 衰退
chaotic 混乱，紊乱
package 一揽子
terminate 使终止
bonus 奖金
coverage 保险承保
范围
recruit 招聘 laptop 便携式电脑 corporate 公司法人 escort 护送 bribe 贿赂 redundant 过剩的，被解雇的 rigorous 严苛的 trail 追踪 productivity 生产力 profitability 盈利 shareholder 股东 marketable 畅销 casualty 受害，伤亡人员
Unit 6保护自然，只为人类
1. Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy. But now that everyone from Ted Turner to George Bush, Dow to Exxon has professed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, restrictions, projects, regulations and laws advanced in the name of the environment? Clearly not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How to choose?
1. 目前，在文明的社会中，对环境的敏感性和对诸如民主的信仰一样是一种不可或缺的态度。但是既然从泰德.特纳到乔治.布什，从美国道化学公司到埃克森公司，每个人都声称自己热爱地球，在这么多以环境名义提出的相互矛盾的建议，约束，提案规章制度，法律法规中，我们该如何选取呢？选而易见 ，不是冠以环境名义的每项建议都值得去尝试。我们究竟该如何选择？
2. There is a simple way. First, distinguish between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things it would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Then apply a rule. Call it the fundamental axiom of sane environmentalism: Combatting ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.
2. 这里有一种简便的方法，首先，要区分什么是保护环境的奢侈品，什么是保护环境的必需品。奢侈的东西是那些不需要付出什么代价而能够拥有就好的东西。必需品是我们无论如何都必须要拥有的东西。其次，应用一条规则，我们可以称它为一个理智的环保主义的的基本公理：与直接威胁人类身体健康和安全的生态变化的斗争是环保的必需品。而其他的都是奢侈的行为。
4. The reality of the greenhouse effect is more speculative, though its possible consequences are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disrupted climate, parched plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds the world. Are we prepared to see Iowa acquire New Mexico‘s desert climate? And Siberia acquire Iowa‘s?
4. 对温室效应的现实影响更多是推测性的，不过它可能的后果却更加有毁灭性：冰川融化，海岸线被淹没，气候被破坏，土地干涸，最终，食物消失殆尽，美国中西部地区的粮食供养着全世界。难道我们愿意看到衣阿华州变成新墨西哥州的沙漠气候，西伯利亚变成衣阿华州吗？
7. Of course, this anthropocentrism runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that indulges in earth worship to the point of idolatry. One scientific theory-Gaia theory –actually claims that Earth is a living organism. This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual. It is nothing more than sentimental. It takes, for example, a highly selective view of the benignity of nature. My nature worship stops with the April twister that came through Kansa or the May cyclone that killed more than 125,000 Bengalis and left to million(!) homeless.
7. 当然，人类中心说与当代环保主义的宗旨是相对立的，后者对地球的崇拜已经到了偶像崇拜的地步了，一个科学理论（盖娅理论）声称地球实际上是一个活的生命体。这种环保主义喜欢把自己看成是神圣的。其实他只不过是感情用事而已。比如，在自然是否友善的问题上，当代环保主义采用了高度片面地看问题的态度。四月份龙卷风肆虐堪萨斯州和五月的飓风大作粉碎了我对自然的崇拜。那场飓风造成125，000多孟加拉国人的死亡，还使1000多万人无家可归。
8. A nonsentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagoras‘ maxim that ―Man is the measure of all things.‖ Such a principle helps us through the thicket of environmental argument. Take the current debate raging over oil drilling in a corner of the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge. Environmentalists, mobilizing against a bill working its way through the U.S. Congress to permit such exploration, argue that Americans should be conserving energy instead of drilling for it. This is a false either/or proposition. The U.S. does need a sizable energy tax to reduce consumption. But it needs more production too. Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-fifty chance that under the ANWR lies one of the five largest oil fields ever discovered in America.
8. 理智的环保主义是建立在普罗泰哥拉的格言―人是一切事物的尺度‖基础上的。这条基本原则帮助我们梳理错综复杂的有关环境保护的争议。以当前在阿拉斯加国家野生动物保护区的一角开采石油的甚嚣尘上的争论为例。环保主义者动员人们起来反对目前正在美国国会审议的此项开发议案。他们争辩说美国应该保护能源而不是开采能源。这是一个错误的非此即彼的主张。美国确实需要征收高额的能源税来减少能源消耗。但它也需要生产更多的能源。政府部门估计在阿拉斯加国家野生动物保护区蕴藏着美国已经探明的五大油田之一的可能性高达50%。
13. Man should accommodate only when his fate and that of nature are inextricably bound up. The most urgent accommodation must be made when the very integrity of man‘s habitat-e.g., atmospheric ozone-is threatened. When the threat to man is of a lesser order (say, the pollutants from coal-and oil-fired generators that cause death from disease but not fatal damage to the ecosystem), a more modulated accommodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order. But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environment-because it is man‘s environment.
13. 只有当人类的命运与自然的命运紧密联系时人类才需要改变自己。当人类的栖息地的完整性--如大气中的臭氧---受到威胁是，人类必须立即改变自身的行为方式。而当人类受到威胁较小时（比如燃煤和燃油发电机释放的污染物导致患病死亡，但对生态系统无致命损害），恰当的做法应该是通过权衡考量经济和健康因素进行适度调整。但是适用于这两种情况的原则是一致的：保护环境，因为这是我们人类的环境。
sensitivity 敏感
combat 与…斗争
depletion减少，耗尽
disrupt 扰乱，分裂 preserve 保护，保留 sentimentalize 浪漫色彩，伤感
sentimental sentimentalism indulge conserve 沉溺纵容 节约保护
In this section there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. A ________ is a person who has just joined the armed forces or is new member of
a club or a society.
A) peer B) suspect C) wannabe D) recruit
2. Women often have a _____________ of iron in their bodies. This is often because
they eat too restricted a diet.
A) deficit B) decrease C) deficiency D) defect
3. You know sounds are transmitted by some materials and it is the material you use
that will restrict or __________ sound waves.
A) multiply B) amplify C) expand D) enhance
4. Gene therapy may someday be able to cure __________ diseases, which are
caused by missing or defective genes.
A) retarded B) erroneous C) innate D) hereditary
5. Most countries concern themselves with economic development, __________ its
effect on the global ecology.
A) given that B) rather than C) in contrast with D) regardless of
6. Many parents worry about whether their children studying overseas can get
_________ Chinese food in a foreign country.
A) authentic B) horrible C) redundant D) nutritious
7. They hired her because she demonstrated a lot of _________ in her last job by
reorganizing the office.
A) initials B) expectation C) profitability D) initiative
8. They decided to ___________ their business partnership right after the one-year
contract was signed.
A) dissolve B) resolve C) applaud D) interchange
9. His research will be carried out in _____________ with industry in Europe and
the US.
A) collaboration B) team C) duo D) response
10. ___________, it was the government that was blamed by him for the affair that
gave him the chance to return to work after retirement.
A) Drastically B) Ironically C) Mercifully D) Humanely
11. During the war, this small island country decided to _____________ diplomatic
connections with its aggressive neighbor.
A) terminate B) escort C) trail D) assess
12. People don’t want to have a _________ reputation because that means
unfavorably well-known.
A) ubiquitous B) notorious C) doomed D) historic
13. The exchange of goodwill missions greatly _________ the better understanding of
the two countries.
A) attributes to B) cuts back on C) contributes to D) draws on
14. The science of biology has had a _______ effect on how we understand the
evolution of human beings.
A) historic B) hungry C) profound D) peer
15. The Gulf States produce more oil than they need and sell the _______ to the rest
of the world.
A) surplus B) salary C) essence D) expectation
16. He is also having _______ treatment in the hope that he will be able to train on
Friday.
A) fatal B) global C) authentic D) intensive
17. You must conform to the _______ of the society you live in.
A) negative B) norm C) fantasy D) freedom
18. The meeting was _______ by a group of anti-war protesters who shouted outside
the room.
A) bordered B) blended C) disrupted D) destroyed
19．When she saw the summer flowers fading, she felt very _______.
A) sentimental B) redundant C) productive D) noiseless
20. Education should aim to _______ children’s mind to its utmost potential.
A) wonder B) wear C) cultivate D) cover
21. John has a nature. He is ready to answer most of the questions
asked by the teacher and is quite active in class, so he is usually regarded as a
good student.
A) responsible B) authentic C) restricted D) responsive
22. When we are in difficulty, it’s better for us to pull ourselves together and figure
out what to do next rather than too much on the past.
A) applaud B) despair C) dwell D) dedicate
23. In the economic , many workers will lose their jobs since there is
not enough work for them to do.
A) reduction B) recession C) redundancy D) recovery
24. The students in colleges have to to the lecture system in which their
interests and initiative are often neglected.
A) resign B) recruit C) resolve D) reserve
25. It was very late when Mary finished writing her term paper in the library, so she
had to call the police to her home.
A) equip B) search C) escort D) check
Key
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D
6. A 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. B
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A
16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C
21. ( D ) 22. ( C ) 23. ( B ) 24. ( A ) 25. ( C )