在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn ’ t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。 ( 真实 ) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+ 主语 +did （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
与过去事实相反
主语 + should/would/ If+ 主语 +had done
could/might+have done
1.If+ 主语 +did
与将来事实相反
主语 +should/would/
2.If+ 主语 +were to
could/might+do
3.If+ 主语 +should
例句：
1 、 表示与现在事实相反的情况： 例： 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 （事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会 告诉你。 （事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 ( 事
实：地球上既有空气也有水 ) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。 （事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。 （事实： 没有努力） 2 、表示与过去事实相反的情况 例：1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事 实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我 的话） 3 、 表示对将来情况的主观推测， 与将来事实相反 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟 他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 （事实： 不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4 、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚 拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反， 而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符 。 如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如 果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会 来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反， 而主句的动作与过去事实不符 。 如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话， 我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要 是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5 、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时， if 可以省略，这时条 件从句要用倒装语序，即将 were, should, had 等词置于句首，这种多用于书面 语。 如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要 是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来 这里工作了。 6 、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下 文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含 在短语中，如 without … ., but for … . 等 如： But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我 们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 We didn ’ t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知 道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 7 、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强 烈的感情。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have
passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。 、
If only
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn ’ t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。 ( 真实 ) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+ 主语 +did （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
与过去事实相反
主语 + should/would/ If+ 主语 +had done
could/might+have done
1.If+ 主语 +did
与将来事实相反
主语 +should/would/
2.If+ 主语 +were to
could/might+do
3.If+ 主语 +should
例句：
1 、 表示与现在事实相反的情况： 例： 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 （事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会 告诉你。 （事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 ( 事
实：地球上既有空气也有水 ) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。 （事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。 （事实： 没有努力） 2 、表示与过去事实相反的情况 例：1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事 实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我 的话） 3 、 表示对将来情况的主观推测， 与将来事实相反 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟 他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 （事实： 不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4 、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚 拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反， 而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符 。 如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如 果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会 来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反， 而主句的动作与过去事实不符 。 如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话， 我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要 是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5 、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时， if 可以省略，这时条 件从句要用倒装语序，即将 were, should, had 等词置于句首，这种多用于书面 语。 如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要 是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来 这里工作了。 6 、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下 文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含 在短语中，如 without … ., but for … . 等 如： But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我 们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 We didn ’ t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知 道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 7 、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强 烈的感情。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have
passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。 、
If only