目的状语从句的用法

目的状语从句的用法

目的状语从句可以由表示“为了， 以便”的so that(有时省略so)， in order that和表示“以免， 以防”的lest， for fear that， in case引导(lest， for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用“可以省略的should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气形式； in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气， 但也可用陈述语气)。例如： They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身， 以便及时到达。// She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class. 她在课堂上认真记笔记， 以便她能在课后很好地复习功课。// He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊， 以便别人能听见。// I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出声， 以免打搅你。// He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. 他认真学习， 以免考不及格。// Take your

umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞， 以防下雨。如果表示“为了， 以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同， 可用in order to或 so as to取代该目的状语从句， 注意体会以下例句： He hurried through his work in order to catch the train. 他匆匆干完手中的活， 为的是能赶上火车。// I sent the plans in order for you to study them fully before the meeting. 我寄上这些计划以使你会前充分研究一下。 // The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating. 这些书桌都隔着一段距离摆放， 以防作弊。 // I came so early as to catch the first train. 我起得早， 以便能赶上

头班火车。

［考题1］ I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea. (2005北京)

A. as soon as B. as a result C. in

case D. so that

［答案］ D

考题2］ Roses need special care ____ they can live through winter. (2004)

A. because B. so that C. even if D. as ［答案］ B

［考题3］ Leave your key with a neighbor ____ you lock yourself out one day. (2007

A. ever since B. even if C. soon after

D. in case

［答案］ D［解析］ “you lock yourself out one day”是应该避免出现的结果， 下划线处应选用in case， 引导目的状语从句, 表示“以免„„”。

［考题4］ I shall stay in the hotel all day ____ there is news of the missing

child.(2000上海春)

A.in case B.no matter C.in any case

D.ever since ［答案］ A

［解析］ 题干意为： 我将整天在旅店里呆着， 以防有丢失孩子的消息。本题应选in case引导目的状语从句表示“以

防„„”。

条件状语从句的用法

条件状语从句表示条件， 现将其在高考卷中的常见引导词介绍如下：

1. if 表示正面的条件， 意为“如果”； unless (=if not) 表示负面的条件， 意为“除非， 如果不”。例如： If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他， 他会帮助你。// If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。(本例句属于第8章中介绍过的以虚拟语气表示非真实条件句的情况。) // He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. 他一定会

来， 除非他有急事。

2. in case， on condition that， providing， provided (that)， supposing， suppose (that)等词汇意思相近， 指“假

如， 假使， 在„„条件下”(比if更为书面化)。例如： In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来的话， 告诉我一声。// I

shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow. 我将把我的字典给你， 如果你明天要还的话。 // I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid. 只要我的

费用有人付， 我就去。 //

Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不来， 我

们该怎么办？

3. as long as (=so long as) 表示充分必要条件， 引导语气强烈的条件状语从句时， 意为“只要”。例如： I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time. 只要及时告诉我， 我就会合作。 // You may use the book so long as you will return it on time. 只要你准时还， 你就

可以借这本书。

［考题1］ Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not

managed carefully. (2007上海)

A. though B. before C. until D. if

［答案］ D

［解析］ 根据全句意思， “they are not managed carefully”应表示一种假设， 因此下划线处应选用if引导条件状语从句。 ［考题2］ In time of serious accidents, ____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.

(2006重庆)

A. whether B. until C. if D. unless

［答案］ C

［解析］ 本题应选意为“如果”的if

表示假设。

［考题3］ I would appreciate it ____ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment. (2003上海春)

A. until B. if C. when D. that

［答案］ B

［解析］ 本题应选意为“如果”的if

表示假设。

［考题4］ It is known to all that ____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep

good health. (2005重庆)

A. unless B. whenever C. although D.

if

［答案］ A

［解析］ 本题应选意为“如果不， 除

非”的unless表示假设。

［考题5］ Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ____ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a

nest. (2007湖南)

A. why B. how C. unless D. where

［答案］ C

［解析］ 综合整句的意思， 下划线处

应表示“除非„„”含义的假设。 ［考题6］ You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. (2001上海春)

A. even if B. as though C. as long

as D. unless

［答案］ D

［解析］ 本题应选意为“如果不， 除非”的unless表示假设。注意： even if表示“即使”， as though表示“好像”， as long as表示“只要”， 填入下划线都

讲不通。

［考题7］ John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ____ he phones.

(2000北京、 安徽春)

A. as long as B. in order that

C. in case D. so that

［答案］ C

［解析］ 本题应选in case表示假设。注意： in order that， so that都表示目的， 不符合题干的语境； 题干中表示推测的“John may phone tonight.”表明说话人对约翰打电话过来没有太大的把握性， 不适合采用语气强烈的as long as表示假

设。

［考题8］ — I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock. — Oh, ____ I won’t wait. (2005浙

江)

A. no doubt B. after all C. in that

case D. in this way

［答案］ C

［解析］ 本题应选in that case表示

假设。

［考题9］ ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. (2003

北京)

A. Even though B. Unless C. As long

as D. While

［答案］ C

［解析］ 本题应选意为“只要”的as

long as表示语气强烈的假设。

目的状语从句的用法

目的状语从句可以由表示“为了， 以便”的so that(有时省略so)， in order that和表示“以免， 以防”的lest， for fear that， in case引导(lest， for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用“可以省略的should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气形式； in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气， 但也可用陈述语气)。例如： They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身， 以便及时到达。// She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class. 她在课堂上认真记笔记， 以便她能在课后很好地复习功课。// He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊， 以便别人能听见。// I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出声， 以免打搅你。// He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. 他认真学习， 以免考不及格。// Take your

umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞， 以防下雨。如果表示“为了， 以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同， 可用in order to或 so as to取代该目的状语从句， 注意体会以下例句： He hurried through his work in order to catch the train. 他匆匆干完手中的活， 为的是能赶上火车。// I sent the plans in order for you to study them fully before the meeting. 我寄上这些计划以使你会前充分研究一下。 // The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating. 这些书桌都隔着一段距离摆放， 以防作弊。 // I came so early as to catch the first train. 我起得早， 以便能赶上

头班火车。

［考题1］ I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea. (2005北京)

A. as soon as B. as a result C. in

case D. so that

［答案］ D

考题2］ Roses need special care ____ they can live through winter. (2004)

A. because B. so that C. even if D. as ［答案］ B

［考题3］ Leave your key with a neighbor ____ you lock yourself out one day. (2007

A. ever since B. even if C. soon after

D. in case

［答案］ D［解析］ “you lock yourself out one day”是应该避免出现的结果， 下划线处应选用in case， 引导目的状语从句, 表示“以免„„”。

［考题4］ I shall stay in the hotel all day ____ there is news of the missing

child.(2000上海春)

A.in case B.no matter C.in any case

D.ever since ［答案］ A

［解析］ 题干意为： 我将整天在旅店里呆着， 以防有丢失孩子的消息。本题应选in case引导目的状语从句表示“以

防„„”。

条件状语从句的用法

条件状语从句表示条件， 现将其在高考卷中的常见引导词介绍如下：

1. if 表示正面的条件， 意为“如果”； unless (=if not) 表示负面的条件， 意为“除非， 如果不”。例如： If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他， 他会帮助你。// If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。(本例句属于第8章中介绍过的以虚拟语气表示非真实条件句的情况。) // He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. 他一定会

来， 除非他有急事。

2. in case， on condition that， providing， provided (that)， supposing， suppose (that)等词汇意思相近， 指“假

如， 假使， 在„„条件下”(比if更为书面化)。例如： In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来的话， 告诉我一声。// I

shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow. 我将把我的字典给你， 如果你明天要还的话。 // I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid. 只要我的

费用有人付， 我就去。 //

Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不来， 我

们该怎么办？

3. as long as (=so long as) 表示充分必要条件， 引导语气强烈的条件状语从句时， 意为“只要”。例如： I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time. 只要及时告诉我， 我就会合作。 // You may use the book so long as you will return it on time. 只要你准时还， 你就

可以借这本书。

［考题1］ Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not

managed carefully. (2007上海)

A. though B. before C. until D. if

［答案］ D

［解析］ 根据全句意思， “they are not managed carefully”应表示一种假设， 因此下划线处应选用if引导条件状语从句。 ［考题2］ In time of serious accidents, ____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.

(2006重庆)

A. whether B. until C. if D. unless

［答案］ C

［解析］ 本题应选意为“如果”的if

表示假设。

［考题3］ I would appreciate it ____ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment. (2003上海春)

A. until B. if C. when D. that

［答案］ B

［解析］ 本题应选意为“如果”的if

表示假设。

［考题4］ It is known to all that ____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep

good health. (2005重庆)

A. unless B. whenever C. although D.

if

［答案］ A

［解析］ 本题应选意为“如果不， 除

非”的unless表示假设。

［考题5］ Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ____ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a

nest. (2007湖南)

A. why B. how C. unless D. where

［答案］ C

［解析］ 综合整句的意思， 下划线处

应表示“除非„„”含义的假设。 ［考题6］ You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. (2001上海春)

A. even if B. as though C. as long

as D. unless

［答案］ D

［解析］ 本题应选意为“如果不， 除非”的unless表示假设。注意： even if表示“即使”， as though表示“好像”， as long as表示“只要”， 填入下划线都

讲不通。

［考题7］ John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ____ he phones.

(2000北京、 安徽春)

A. as long as B. in order that

C. in case D. so that

［答案］ C

［解析］ 本题应选in case表示假设。注意： in order that， so that都表示目的， 不符合题干的语境； 题干中表示推测的“John may phone tonight.”表明说话人对约翰打电话过来没有太大的把握性， 不适合采用语气强烈的as long as表示假

设。

［考题8］ — I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock. — Oh, ____ I won’t wait. (2005浙

江)

A. no doubt B. after all C. in that

case D. in this way

［答案］ C

［解析］ 本题应选in that case表示

假设。

［考题9］ ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. (2003

北京)

A. Even though B. Unless C. As long

as D. While

［答案］ C

［解析］ 本题应选意为“只要”的as

long as表示语气强烈的假设。