并列句与复合句
--讲解：江练鑫
命题趋势：重点主要为宾语从句、连词的运用、定从的引导词。
一、并列句
用并列连词连接起来的两个及以上的简单句叫做并列句。（1）构成：简单句+并列连词+简单
句（2）连词：并列连词和主从连词
A. 并列连词：and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while,
either…or, neither…nor, not only…but(also).
B. 主从连词：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。（3）关系: 并列句中的前后两句
可以根据意思或分为四种关系。
a同等关系and/not only„but also/neither„nor,用连词and, not only„but also, neither„nor
或者用逗号，有时也用分号连接两个简单句，构成并列句。
eg. He could neither read nor write
He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.
b转折关系but, yet, still, while, when, 用连词but, yet, still,while, when连接两个句子时，
前后两句为转折关系。eg. Tom was not there but his brother was (there). There was
no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping. c选择关系or, either„or.用连词or, either„
or，连接两个句子时，前后两句为选择关系。
eg. Either you didn’t understand this, or you were not careful enough
d因果关系for, so.用连词for, so连接两个句子时，前后两句为因果关系。
eg. He hurried, for it was getting dark.
He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him. 二、复合句
复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个
分句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成
分就叫什么从句。（1）主语从句：用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句一般都是作谓语
动词的主语，偶尔也可以作分词的主语。
a由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导主语从句。eg. What she likes is watching the
children play Whatever you have heard must be kept secret Whoever fails to pass
the exam will be dismissed b that引导
eg. It is tight that you told him the truth
c连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主从。eg. Why the fire broke out at
night remains a mystery Whether we can help you is a difficult question When the meeting will be held has not been decided d主语从句后移:主语从句虽然可以
放在谓语的前面，但是当主语从句较长而谓语较短时，常用代词作形式主语，而把主语从句
放到句子后边。
eg. It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not It turned out true that he had
done nothing wrong. (2) 表语从句:用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，通常由that, what, where,
why, ho等连接词引导。
a if, whether, that引导表语从句，有时也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引导表语从句。
eg. The question is that we must be good at learning from others.
It looks as if it’s going to rain. b what, which, who等连接代词。eg. That is what
I want to tell you.
The question is which of the classes we choose to bethe excellent one
c how, when, where, why等连接副词。eg. The question is how we can help him
That is why he has been late.
（3）状语从句：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等，状语从句由从属连
词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常常用逗号与主句分开，于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。
状从根据其用途可分为时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、目的、地点、比较状语从句
等。
时间状从 When/while/as，before, after, since, until, as soon as
I was doing my
homework when
my
mother came in. He did not go to bed until
his
father came
back.
条件状从
If, as long as(如果), unless
Unless weather stops me, I go for a walk every day.
原因状从
Because, since(既然), as, for(由于)
Since everyone is here , let’s begin our
meeting.
目状状从
So that(以便，为了), in order to(为了)
He gets up early every
morning
so that he can catch the bus.
结果状从
So that(结果是), so„that/such„that(如此„以至于)
It’s such hot that nobody
wants to go out.
让步状从
Though/although, even
if,
whatever, wherever, whenever
Wherever
you
go, I will go with
you.
比较状从
Than,
as…as,
not as/so„as(不如„)
He is as tall as
Tom.
地点状从
Where(„的地方), wherever
Sit wherever you like.
a 时间状语从句 *主将从现eg I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing. *when 主从动作同
时发生 After 主动作发生在从之后 Before 主动作发生在从之前 As 强调并行发生，不
指先后 *till &until
主句谓语动词是延续性，主句用肯定形式 主句谓动是非延续性，主句用否定形式eg
I’ll wait for you till\until you come to see me. I didn’t go to bed till\until I finished my
homework.
B 条件状语从句
*祈使句+and/or引导的结果状从，祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。
Eg Use your head, and you’ll find a way. =If you use your head, and you’ll find a way.
时态：（1）主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时，从一般现在时。（2）if引导的从
句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句常用
将来时。Eg I’ll visit the Great Wall if it dosen’t rain tomorrow. We will give you a good price
if you are thinking of buying it. C 原因状语从句
若状从所表示的原因是人们已知事实，用since引导，表“既然”。Eg Since you can’t answer
the question, you can ask someone for help. D 结果状语从句 (1)So+adj./adv.+that
Such+a/an(+adj.)+n.(单数)+that Such+(adj.)+n.(pl)+that So+adj.+a/an+n.(pl)+that
当名词前有many/much修饰时，用so而不用such. EgShe is such a lovely girl that we love her
very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much. (2)so„that、too„to、not„enough
to句型转换三、宾语从句
定义 :在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句. 引导宾语从句的关联词有that,
if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
结构：1.肯定句结构:主句+that（可有可无）+肯定句
2.一般疑问句结构:主句+if+一般疑问句 3.特殊疑问句结构:主句+疑问词+肯定句。种类（连
接词） :
1 由that引导的宾语从句－－－当从句是陈述句时，用that引导宾语从句．在口语和非正
式文体中，that可以省略
I know ( that ) you like English .
He told me ( that ) he would go there next week . 2 由whether / if 引导的宾语从句－－－当
从句是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，用whether / if引导宾语从句,并且要把疑
问的语序变为陈述的语序．一般情况下，whether / if可以替换．但下面四种情况，只能用
whether引导宾语从句．
He asked me whether / if I liked my job .
I want to know whether / if you'll come to the party . A当句子中出现 or not 时，必须用
whether引导宾语从句
I want to know whether or not you like me . I want to know whether you like me or not .
B当主句的谓语动词是由”动词＋介词”构成的短语时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
They're talking about whether they'll go there. C当宾语从句为了起强调作用，放在句首时，
必须用whether引导宾语从句
Whether you like me , I want to know .
D当 if 容易引起歧义时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
Please let me know if you like it . (宾语从句， if =“是否”）
Please let me know if you like it .（条件状语从句, if = “如果”3 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从
句－－－当从句是特殊疑问句时，要用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，并且要把疑问的语序变为
陈述的语序．
He asked them why they hadn't finished their homework .
4 由形容词引导的宾语从句－－－当主句的谓语动词是由”be+形容词”构成的系表结构做
谓语时，用形容词引导宾语从句
I am sorry ( that )I am late .
He is very glad ( that ) you'll help him .
语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主
谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this.
(2).I don\'t know what\'s the matter with Bob? (3).I don\'t know what\'s wrong with them?
时态
1.主现从不限（主句是一般现在时，从句的时态不限）2.主过从四过（主居是一般过去时，
从句的时态应是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时或者过去进行时）
e.g. ①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.
②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.
③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? 注：1.宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理
等，则时态不变化：
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
2.在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句
中否定。
I don’t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 误) 四、定语从句
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing
(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little,
few, much，each等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you.
注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。
注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2、当先行词被序数词修饰
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰
时 This is the best film that I have seen.
4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same, the last 修饰时
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7.当关系代词在定语从
句中做表语
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之
处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如„„，正像„„”的
意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent(3) John, as you know, is a famous
writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3、当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当
先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意
思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister
wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
注意：定语从句such„as „与结果状语从句such„ that„的区别：as在所引导的定语从句
中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分
(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (7)He has such a good laptop that I want to
by one.
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but understand his idea。
( but= who don’t ) ［定语从句］介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）
that前不能有介词。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所
穿的一样的裙子。
注意：定语从句such„as „与结果状语从句such„ that„的区别：as在所引导的定语从句
中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分
(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (7)He has such a good laptop that I want to
by one.
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but understand his idea。
( but= who don’t ) ［定语从句］介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）
that前不能有介词。
练习：1. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you
advertisements showing happy, balanced family. A) are often seeing C) will often
see B) often see D) have often seen
2.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, something occurred which
attracted my attention. A) unless C) when B) until
D) while
3.He is strict ______ kind-hearted.
A) and but C) still
B) and yet D) however
4.______ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle
Ages.
A) It is the sun and not the earth C) The sun and not the earth
B) Being the sun and not the earth D) That the sun and not the earth
5.Output is now six times ______ it was before 1990. A) that C) that
which B) what D) of that
6.When I try to understand ______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one
might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. A) why it does C)
what it is B) what it does D) why it is
7.Evidence came up ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6
months old. A) what C) that B) which D)
whose
8.All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A) what is needed C) the thing needed B) for our needs D) that
is needed
9.We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, ______ saves money, of course.
A) which C) that B) as D) what
10.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the
least.
A) for which C) of which B) to which D) in which
11.The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A) all their homes C) all of whose homes B) all whose homes D)
all of their homes
12.Today the public is much concerned about the way ______.
A) nature is being ruined C) on which to ruin nature B) which nature is ruined
D) of nature to be ruined
13.A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ______ the guards discovered
what had happened. A) before C) since B) until
D) when
14.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill ______ we all sat down to rest.
A) when C) than B) then D) until
15.I have kept that portrait ______ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university
days in London. A) which C) whether B) where
D) when
16.______ he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.
A) As soon as C) So far as B) As well as D) So long as
17.Government cannot operate effectively ______ it is free from such interference.
A) so long as C) unless B) so that D) because
18.Britain's press is unusual ______ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the
quality press and the popular press.
A) in how C) in which B) in what D) in that
19.______ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much
importance on them. A) As C) Provided B) Since
D) While
20.In the course of a day students do far more than just ______ classes.
A) attend C) to attend B) attended D)
attending
[考点精析]
1. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试含有条件概念的带连词的并列句。全句可译为：你一打开电视或翻开杂志，就常会
看到表现幸福、美满家庭的各种广告。题句中连接词and前面的分句表示条件，它后面的分
句表示结果。全句相当于：
If you turn on the television or open a magazine, you will often see advertisements showing
happy, balanced families. 这是一个很常用的句型，and前面通常是祈使句，and后面的分句
用将来时，所以选项C为正确答案。例如：
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。 Hurry up, or (else) you'll be
late. 快一点，不然你要迟到了。
2. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由when连接的并列句。全句可译为：我感到有些失望，正想离开，这时突然发生
的一件事吸引了我的注意力。句中when的意思是“and at that moment”，其作用相当于一
个并列连词。例如：
She had just finished dressing when her guests arrived. 她刚穿戴完毕，客人们就来
了。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 我正在做饭，突然听到她的敲门声。
选项A、B的语义显然不合题意。选项D) while多用于延续性动作，但本句与when相关的
动作“occurred”为短暂性动作，只能与when连用，所以正确答案为选项C。
3. 正确答案为选项B。
本题测试并列连词的选用。全句可译为：他对人很严格，但又很仁慈。四个选项中，因为
and不能与but连用，所以选项A首先可排除。选项C、D虽然可以表示“然而”，但通常在
句中用作插入语，并须用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，所以也不是正确答案。选项B) and yet =
but，切合题意，yet可以和and连用，因而是正确答案。
另外需要注意的是该并列分句中的省略现象。本句可以扩展为： He is strict and yet ( he
is ) kind-hearted.
由此可见后一个并列分句中省略了主语和谓语动词。本句虽然简短，但仍是一个并列句。
4. 正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由that引导的主语从句。全句可译为：我们行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球，这
一观念在中世纪很难被人们接受。从句子结构来看，本句谓语动词was前面的主语部分应
是一个从句，而主语从句可由that引导，所以选项D是正确答案。例如：
That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 这位司机控制不住他的汽车是显而易见的。
为了使句子结构平衡，that-分句作主语时常用先行it结构，而将that-分句置于句末。例如上面这个句子可以改为：
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
5. 正确答案为选项B。
本题测试由关系代词型的连接代词what所引导的表语从句。全句可译为：现在的产量是1990年前产量的六倍。选项B) what相当于the output which，可以引导表语从句，而其他三个选项都不能在本句中引导表语从句，所以选项B为唯一正确答案。例如： That is what he meant. 这就是他的意思。
This book is just what I have been looking for. 这正是我一直在找的那本书。
6. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由what引导的宾语从句。全句可译为：当我力图弄明白究竟是什么使得美国人不象别人所想象的那么幸福时，我仿佛觉得其中的原因有两个。题句中空格前是及物动词understand，后面应接宾语从句。因而本句也可写成：
When I try to understand what prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
句中的what是关系代词型的连接代词，相当于the thing
which，在宾语从句中充当主语。值得注意的是为了强调充当主语的what，本句采用了“It is „ that”强调结构，所以选项C为正确答案。其余三个选项均不符合题句在结构和语义方面的要求。
what是关系代词型的连接代词，可以引导一个宾语从句，本题其余三个选项都起不到这一作用，因而选项A为唯一正确答案。例如： Show me what you've bought. 给我看看你买的东西。 We're very grateful for what you did. 我们非常感谢你所做的一切。
7.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由that引导的同位语从句。全句可译为：已有证据表明，出生仅六个月的婴儿就能辨认一定的语音。空格前的意思为：出现了证据。空格后面这一部分具体说明“evidence”的内容，在句中充当同位语。选项C) that可以引导同位语从句，而其余三个选项均不能起这一作用，所以选项C为正确答案。例如：
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.
那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你从哪儿听说我不能来？
8.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由that引导的限制性定语从句。全句可译为：（全部）所需要做的是持续不断地供应基本生活必需品。根据句意，all后应填入一个能表示“所需要的”这一意思的修饰语，定语从句可以充当后置修饰语。而all后的定语从句应由that引导，因而选项D为正确答案。例如：
All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。
9.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由which引导的非限制性定语从句。全句可译为：我们的水果蔬菜都是自家种的，这当然省钱。根据句意，空格中应填入一个能代表空格前整个句子，又能在从句中充当主语的关系代词。四个选项中，选项C、D不能引导非限制性定语从句；选项B) as意为“正如”，
虽能指代整个主句，但不合题意，所以只有选项A符合要求。例如：
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，用处很多。
10.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法。全句可译为：生活在澳大利亚中部沙漠有诸多问题，其中取水就是一个非常严重的问题。介词of可以表示比较的范围，which用以指代先行词
problems，选项C) of which正好可以表示“在这些问题中”，即“其中”的意思，切合题意，而其他三个选项在语义和结构方面均不合要求，所以选项C是正确答案。
值得注意的是对该非限制定语从句的理解和翻译。句中“not the least”意为“很大”，是一种表示强调的说法。根据主句的含义，可以译成：其中取水就是一个非常严重的问题。
11.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由whose引导的定语从句。全句可译为：那些房屋全部被洪水毁坏的居民得到了红十字会的救济。从四个选项中可以看出，all为residents的同位语。根据题意，all后应接一个定语从句。选项B和C中都有关系代词whose，可以引导定语从句，但是我们不可以说“all whose homes”，所以正确答案为选项C。例如： You're the only one whose advice he might listen to. 只有你的话他可能会听。
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
12.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试定语从句中关系代词的省略。全句可译为：现在公众对自然界正在如何遭受破坏十分关注。根据句意，“nature is being ruined”是一个定语从句，修饰way，它的前面省略了“in which”，原句可以写成：
Today the public is much concerned about the way in
which nature is being ruined.
选项B、C结构有误，选项D语义不合题意，所以只有选项A是正确答案。
13.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由before引导的时间状语从句。全句可译为：昨夜有人从狱中逃走，过了很长时间警卫人员才发觉。后一句话的意思也就
是：在警卫人员发觉之前，已过了很长时间。可见选项A) before是正确答案。例如：
It will be some time before we know the full results. 还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果。 Say goodbye before you go.
你临走前去告别一下吧。
14.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试 “no sooner than”引导的时间状语从句。全句可译为：我们一到山顶，大家就都坐下来休息。“no soonerthan”是一个关联从属连词，意为“一就，因此，选项”C为正确答案。no sooner置于句首时，要用倒装语序。比较下面的句子： No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to
start another journey.
他刚到家，就被要求开始另一旅程。
The bell had no sooner rung than the students quieted down.
铃声一响，孩子们便安静下来。
“hardly/scarcelywhen”可以引导相同意思的时间状语从句。例如：
Hardly/Scarcely had I sat down when he stepped in. ( = I
had hardly/scarcely sat down when he stepped in.) 我刚坐下来他就进来了。
15.正确答案为选项B。
本题测试由where引导的地点状语从句。全句可译为：我把那幅画像摆在每天都能看得见的地方，因为它总使我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。根据题意和句子结构的需要，填入空格的显然应为选项B) where。where可以用来引导地点状语从句，而其他三个选项都不能起到这一作用，所以正确答案为选项B。例如： Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
在你有问题的地方作上记号。
16.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由so long as引导的条件状语从句。全句可译为：只要他努力去做，我并不在乎他什么时候完成实验。根据题意，空格处显然应填入表示“只要”这一意思的连接词，所以选项D) so long as是正确答案。“as long as”与“so long as”同义，表示“只要”，“如果”。例如：
As long as you are a student, you must observe the school discipline.
只要你是学生，就应该遵守学校的纪律。 So long as you need me, I'll stay.
只要你需要我，我就留下。
17.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由unless引导的条件状语从句。全句可译为：除非政府能够不受这种干扰，否则它将无法有效运转。根据题意，空格处应填入表示“除非”这一意思的连接词，所以选项C为正确答案。unless相当于if not，例如：
I'll stay at home unless I'm invited. 如果没有受到邀请，我就呆在家里。 Unless the government agrees to give extra money, the
theatre will have to close.
除非政府同意提供更多的资金，否则这家剧院将不得不关闭。
18.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由in that引导的原因状语从句。全句可译为：英国报业与众不同，因为报纸分成截然不同的两种类型：内容较为严肃的大报和通俗小报。根据题意，空格处必须填入表示“因为”这一意思的连接词。本题四个选项中，只有选项D符合要求，所以是正确答案。例如： The girl is like her mother in that she has very delicate feeling.
这个女孩子很象她母亲，因为她感情细腻。
Television is different from radio in that it sends and
receives pictures.
电视与无线电不同，电视能播送和接收图象。
19.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由while引导的让步状语从句。全句可译为：虽然你们的意见值得考虑，但是委员会认为过分注重你们的意见是不明智的。揣测题意，空格处应填入表示“虽然”、“尽管”等意思的连接词，选项A、D均可表示这一意思。不过，as表示上述意思，引导让步状语从句时，从句要倒装，因而本题只有选项D为正确答案。比较下面的句子：
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 尽管我能理解你所说的，但却无法赞同。 Tired as I was, I tried to help them.
尽管我已经很累，我还是尽力帮助他们。
20.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由than所引导的比较状语从句。全句可译为：在一天当中，学生所做的远不止是听课。当than作为连词，引导比较状语从句时，相比较的两个部分在结构上应当平行，只是than-从句常为省略句。我们可以把题句补充完整如下：
In the course of a day students do far more than (they)
just attend classes.
由此可见，只有选项A是正确答案。又如：
You arrived earlier than necessary. ( = than it is necessary
for you to arrive )
你比要求的时间到得早。
I took more luggage than was allowed. ( = than it was
allowed for me to take ) 我带的行李超过了额定重量。
并列句与复合句
--讲解：江练鑫
命题趋势：重点主要为宾语从句、连词的运用、定从的引导词。
一、并列句
用并列连词连接起来的两个及以上的简单句叫做并列句。（1）构成：简单句+并列连词+简单
句（2）连词：并列连词和主从连词
A. 并列连词：and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while,
either…or, neither…nor, not only…but(also).
B. 主从连词：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。（3）关系: 并列句中的前后两句
可以根据意思或分为四种关系。
a同等关系and/not only„but also/neither„nor,用连词and, not only„but also, neither„nor
或者用逗号，有时也用分号连接两个简单句，构成并列句。
eg. He could neither read nor write
He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.
b转折关系but, yet, still, while, when, 用连词but, yet, still,while, when连接两个句子时，
前后两句为转折关系。eg. Tom was not there but his brother was (there). There was
no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping. c选择关系or, either„or.用连词or, either„
or，连接两个句子时，前后两句为选择关系。
eg. Either you didn’t understand this, or you were not careful enough
d因果关系for, so.用连词for, so连接两个句子时，前后两句为因果关系。
eg. He hurried, for it was getting dark.
He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him. 二、复合句
复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个
分句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成
分就叫什么从句。（1）主语从句：用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句一般都是作谓语
动词的主语，偶尔也可以作分词的主语。
a由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导主语从句。eg. What she likes is watching the
children play Whatever you have heard must be kept secret Whoever fails to pass
the exam will be dismissed b that引导
eg. It is tight that you told him the truth
c连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主从。eg. Why the fire broke out at
night remains a mystery Whether we can help you is a difficult question When the meeting will be held has not been decided d主语从句后移:主语从句虽然可以
放在谓语的前面，但是当主语从句较长而谓语较短时，常用代词作形式主语，而把主语从句
放到句子后边。
eg. It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not It turned out true that he had
done nothing wrong. (2) 表语从句:用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，通常由that, what, where,
why, ho等连接词引导。
a if, whether, that引导表语从句，有时也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引导表语从句。
eg. The question is that we must be good at learning from others.
It looks as if it’s going to rain. b what, which, who等连接代词。eg. That is what
I want to tell you.
The question is which of the classes we choose to bethe excellent one
c how, when, where, why等连接副词。eg. The question is how we can help him
That is why he has been late.
（3）状语从句：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等，状语从句由从属连
词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常常用逗号与主句分开，于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。
状从根据其用途可分为时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、目的、地点、比较状语从句
等。
时间状从 When/while/as，before, after, since, until, as soon as
I was doing my
homework when
my
mother came in. He did not go to bed until
his
father came
back.
条件状从
If, as long as(如果), unless
Unless weather stops me, I go for a walk every day.
原因状从
Because, since(既然), as, for(由于)
Since everyone is here , let’s begin our
meeting.
目状状从
So that(以便，为了), in order to(为了)
He gets up early every
morning
so that he can catch the bus.
结果状从
So that(结果是), so„that/such„that(如此„以至于)
It’s such hot that nobody
wants to go out.
让步状从
Though/although, even
if,
whatever, wherever, whenever
Wherever
you
go, I will go with
you.
比较状从
Than,
as…as,
not as/so„as(不如„)
He is as tall as
Tom.
地点状从
Where(„的地方), wherever
Sit wherever you like.
a 时间状语从句 *主将从现eg I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing. *when 主从动作同
时发生 After 主动作发生在从之后 Before 主动作发生在从之前 As 强调并行发生，不
指先后 *till &until
主句谓语动词是延续性，主句用肯定形式 主句谓动是非延续性，主句用否定形式eg
I’ll wait for you till\until you come to see me. I didn’t go to bed till\until I finished my
homework.
B 条件状语从句
*祈使句+and/or引导的结果状从，祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。
Eg Use your head, and you’ll find a way. =If you use your head, and you’ll find a way.
时态：（1）主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时，从一般现在时。（2）if引导的从
句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句常用
将来时。Eg I’ll visit the Great Wall if it dosen’t rain tomorrow. We will give you a good price
if you are thinking of buying it. C 原因状语从句
若状从所表示的原因是人们已知事实，用since引导，表“既然”。Eg Since you can’t answer
the question, you can ask someone for help. D 结果状语从句 (1)So+adj./adv.+that
Such+a/an(+adj.)+n.(单数)+that Such+(adj.)+n.(pl)+that So+adj.+a/an+n.(pl)+that
当名词前有many/much修饰时，用so而不用such. EgShe is such a lovely girl that we love her
very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much. (2)so„that、too„to、not„enough
to句型转换三、宾语从句
定义 :在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句. 引导宾语从句的关联词有that,
if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
结构：1.肯定句结构:主句+that（可有可无）+肯定句
2.一般疑问句结构:主句+if+一般疑问句 3.特殊疑问句结构:主句+疑问词+肯定句。种类（连
接词） :
1 由that引导的宾语从句－－－当从句是陈述句时，用that引导宾语从句．在口语和非正
式文体中，that可以省略
I know ( that ) you like English .
He told me ( that ) he would go there next week . 2 由whether / if 引导的宾语从句－－－当
从句是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，用whether / if引导宾语从句,并且要把疑
问的语序变为陈述的语序．一般情况下，whether / if可以替换．但下面四种情况，只能用
whether引导宾语从句．
He asked me whether / if I liked my job .
I want to know whether / if you'll come to the party . A当句子中出现 or not 时，必须用
whether引导宾语从句
I want to know whether or not you like me . I want to know whether you like me or not .
B当主句的谓语动词是由”动词＋介词”构成的短语时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
They're talking about whether they'll go there. C当宾语从句为了起强调作用，放在句首时，
必须用whether引导宾语从句
Whether you like me , I want to know .
D当 if 容易引起歧义时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
Please let me know if you like it . (宾语从句， if =“是否”）
Please let me know if you like it .（条件状语从句, if = “如果”3 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从
句－－－当从句是特殊疑问句时，要用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，并且要把疑问的语序变为
陈述的语序．
He asked them why they hadn't finished their homework .
4 由形容词引导的宾语从句－－－当主句的谓语动词是由”be+形容词”构成的系表结构做
谓语时，用形容词引导宾语从句
I am sorry ( that )I am late .
He is very glad ( that ) you'll help him .
语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主
谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this.
(2).I don\'t know what\'s the matter with Bob? (3).I don\'t know what\'s wrong with them?
时态
1.主现从不限（主句是一般现在时，从句的时态不限）2.主过从四过（主居是一般过去时，
从句的时态应是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时或者过去进行时）
e.g. ①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.
②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.
③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? 注：1.宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理
等，则时态不变化：
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
2.在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句
中否定。
I don’t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 误) 四、定语从句
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing
(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little,
few, much，each等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you.
注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。
注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2、当先行词被序数词修饰
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰
时 This is the best film that I have seen.
4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same, the last 修饰时
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7.当关系代词在定语从
句中做表语
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之
处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如„„，正像„„”的
意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent(3) John, as you know, is a famous
writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3、当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当
先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意
思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister
wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
注意：定语从句such„as „与结果状语从句such„ that„的区别：as在所引导的定语从句
中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分
(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (7)He has such a good laptop that I want to
by one.
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but understand his idea。
( but= who don’t ) ［定语从句］介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）
that前不能有介词。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所
穿的一样的裙子。
注意：定语从句such„as „与结果状语从句such„ that„的区别：as在所引导的定语从句
中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分
(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (7)He has such a good laptop that I want to
by one.
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but understand his idea。
( but= who don’t ) ［定语从句］介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）
that前不能有介词。
练习：1. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you
advertisements showing happy, balanced family. A) are often seeing C) will often
see B) often see D) have often seen
2.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, something occurred which
attracted my attention. A) unless C) when B) until
D) while
3.He is strict ______ kind-hearted.
A) and but C) still
B) and yet D) however
4.______ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle
Ages.
A) It is the sun and not the earth C) The sun and not the earth
B) Being the sun and not the earth D) That the sun and not the earth
5.Output is now six times ______ it was before 1990. A) that C) that
which B) what D) of that
6.When I try to understand ______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one
might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. A) why it does C)
what it is B) what it does D) why it is
7.Evidence came up ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6
months old. A) what C) that B) which D)
whose
8.All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A) what is needed C) the thing needed B) for our needs D) that
is needed
9.We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, ______ saves money, of course.
A) which C) that B) as D) what
10.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the
least.
A) for which C) of which B) to which D) in which
11.The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A) all their homes C) all of whose homes B) all whose homes D)
all of their homes
12.Today the public is much concerned about the way ______.
A) nature is being ruined C) on which to ruin nature B) which nature is ruined
D) of nature to be ruined
13.A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ______ the guards discovered
what had happened. A) before C) since B) until
D) when
14.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill ______ we all sat down to rest.
A) when C) than B) then D) until
15.I have kept that portrait ______ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university
days in London. A) which C) whether B) where
D) when
16.______ he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.
A) As soon as C) So far as B) As well as D) So long as
17.Government cannot operate effectively ______ it is free from such interference.
A) so long as C) unless B) so that D) because
18.Britain's press is unusual ______ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the
quality press and the popular press.
A) in how C) in which B) in what D) in that
19.______ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much
importance on them. A) As C) Provided B) Since
D) While
20.In the course of a day students do far more than just ______ classes.
A) attend C) to attend B) attended D)
attending
[考点精析]
1. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试含有条件概念的带连词的并列句。全句可译为：你一打开电视或翻开杂志，就常会
看到表现幸福、美满家庭的各种广告。题句中连接词and前面的分句表示条件，它后面的分
句表示结果。全句相当于：
If you turn on the television or open a magazine, you will often see advertisements showing
happy, balanced families. 这是一个很常用的句型，and前面通常是祈使句，and后面的分句
用将来时，所以选项C为正确答案。例如：
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。 Hurry up, or (else) you'll be
late. 快一点，不然你要迟到了。
2. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由when连接的并列句。全句可译为：我感到有些失望，正想离开，这时突然发生
的一件事吸引了我的注意力。句中when的意思是“and at that moment”，其作用相当于一
个并列连词。例如：
She had just finished dressing when her guests arrived. 她刚穿戴完毕，客人们就来
了。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 我正在做饭，突然听到她的敲门声。
选项A、B的语义显然不合题意。选项D) while多用于延续性动作，但本句与when相关的
动作“occurred”为短暂性动作，只能与when连用，所以正确答案为选项C。
3. 正确答案为选项B。
本题测试并列连词的选用。全句可译为：他对人很严格，但又很仁慈。四个选项中，因为
and不能与but连用，所以选项A首先可排除。选项C、D虽然可以表示“然而”，但通常在
句中用作插入语，并须用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，所以也不是正确答案。选项B) and yet =
but，切合题意，yet可以和and连用，因而是正确答案。
另外需要注意的是该并列分句中的省略现象。本句可以扩展为： He is strict and yet ( he
is ) kind-hearted.
由此可见后一个并列分句中省略了主语和谓语动词。本句虽然简短，但仍是一个并列句。
4. 正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由that引导的主语从句。全句可译为：我们行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球，这
一观念在中世纪很难被人们接受。从句子结构来看，本句谓语动词was前面的主语部分应
是一个从句，而主语从句可由that引导，所以选项D是正确答案。例如：
That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 这位司机控制不住他的汽车是显而易见的。
为了使句子结构平衡，that-分句作主语时常用先行it结构，而将that-分句置于句末。例如上面这个句子可以改为：
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
5. 正确答案为选项B。
本题测试由关系代词型的连接代词what所引导的表语从句。全句可译为：现在的产量是1990年前产量的六倍。选项B) what相当于the output which，可以引导表语从句，而其他三个选项都不能在本句中引导表语从句，所以选项B为唯一正确答案。例如： That is what he meant. 这就是他的意思。
This book is just what I have been looking for. 这正是我一直在找的那本书。
6. 正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由what引导的宾语从句。全句可译为：当我力图弄明白究竟是什么使得美国人不象别人所想象的那么幸福时，我仿佛觉得其中的原因有两个。题句中空格前是及物动词understand，后面应接宾语从句。因而本句也可写成：
When I try to understand what prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
句中的what是关系代词型的连接代词，相当于the thing
which，在宾语从句中充当主语。值得注意的是为了强调充当主语的what，本句采用了“It is „ that”强调结构，所以选项C为正确答案。其余三个选项均不符合题句在结构和语义方面的要求。
what是关系代词型的连接代词，可以引导一个宾语从句，本题其余三个选项都起不到这一作用，因而选项A为唯一正确答案。例如： Show me what you've bought. 给我看看你买的东西。 We're very grateful for what you did. 我们非常感谢你所做的一切。
7.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由that引导的同位语从句。全句可译为：已有证据表明，出生仅六个月的婴儿就能辨认一定的语音。空格前的意思为：出现了证据。空格后面这一部分具体说明“evidence”的内容，在句中充当同位语。选项C) that可以引导同位语从句，而其余三个选项均不能起这一作用，所以选项C为正确答案。例如：
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.
那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你从哪儿听说我不能来？
8.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由that引导的限制性定语从句。全句可译为：（全部）所需要做的是持续不断地供应基本生活必需品。根据句意，all后应填入一个能表示“所需要的”这一意思的修饰语，定语从句可以充当后置修饰语。而all后的定语从句应由that引导，因而选项D为正确答案。例如：
All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。
9.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由which引导的非限制性定语从句。全句可译为：我们的水果蔬菜都是自家种的，这当然省钱。根据句意，空格中应填入一个能代表空格前整个句子，又能在从句中充当主语的关系代词。四个选项中，选项C、D不能引导非限制性定语从句；选项B) as意为“正如”，
虽能指代整个主句，但不合题意，所以只有选项A符合要求。例如：
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，用处很多。
10.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法。全句可译为：生活在澳大利亚中部沙漠有诸多问题，其中取水就是一个非常严重的问题。介词of可以表示比较的范围，which用以指代先行词
problems，选项C) of which正好可以表示“在这些问题中”，即“其中”的意思，切合题意，而其他三个选项在语义和结构方面均不合要求，所以选项C是正确答案。
值得注意的是对该非限制定语从句的理解和翻译。句中“not the least”意为“很大”，是一种表示强调的说法。根据主句的含义，可以译成：其中取水就是一个非常严重的问题。
11.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由whose引导的定语从句。全句可译为：那些房屋全部被洪水毁坏的居民得到了红十字会的救济。从四个选项中可以看出，all为residents的同位语。根据题意，all后应接一个定语从句。选项B和C中都有关系代词whose，可以引导定语从句，但是我们不可以说“all whose homes”，所以正确答案为选项C。例如： You're the only one whose advice he might listen to. 只有你的话他可能会听。
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
12.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试定语从句中关系代词的省略。全句可译为：现在公众对自然界正在如何遭受破坏十分关注。根据句意，“nature is being ruined”是一个定语从句，修饰way，它的前面省略了“in which”，原句可以写成：
Today the public is much concerned about the way in
which nature is being ruined.
选项B、C结构有误，选项D语义不合题意，所以只有选项A是正确答案。
13.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由before引导的时间状语从句。全句可译为：昨夜有人从狱中逃走，过了很长时间警卫人员才发觉。后一句话的意思也就
是：在警卫人员发觉之前，已过了很长时间。可见选项A) before是正确答案。例如：
It will be some time before we know the full results. 还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果。 Say goodbye before you go.
你临走前去告别一下吧。
14.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试 “no sooner than”引导的时间状语从句。全句可译为：我们一到山顶，大家就都坐下来休息。“no soonerthan”是一个关联从属连词，意为“一就，因此，选项”C为正确答案。no sooner置于句首时，要用倒装语序。比较下面的句子： No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to
start another journey.
他刚到家，就被要求开始另一旅程。
The bell had no sooner rung than the students quieted down.
铃声一响，孩子们便安静下来。
“hardly/scarcelywhen”可以引导相同意思的时间状语从句。例如：
Hardly/Scarcely had I sat down when he stepped in. ( = I
had hardly/scarcely sat down when he stepped in.) 我刚坐下来他就进来了。
15.正确答案为选项B。
本题测试由where引导的地点状语从句。全句可译为：我把那幅画像摆在每天都能看得见的地方，因为它总使我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。根据题意和句子结构的需要，填入空格的显然应为选项B) where。where可以用来引导地点状语从句，而其他三个选项都不能起到这一作用，所以正确答案为选项B。例如： Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
在你有问题的地方作上记号。
16.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由so long as引导的条件状语从句。全句可译为：只要他努力去做，我并不在乎他什么时候完成实验。根据题意，空格处显然应填入表示“只要”这一意思的连接词，所以选项D) so long as是正确答案。“as long as”与“so long as”同义，表示“只要”，“如果”。例如：
As long as you are a student, you must observe the school discipline.
只要你是学生，就应该遵守学校的纪律。 So long as you need me, I'll stay.
只要你需要我，我就留下。
17.正确答案为选项C。
本题测试由unless引导的条件状语从句。全句可译为：除非政府能够不受这种干扰，否则它将无法有效运转。根据题意，空格处应填入表示“除非”这一意思的连接词，所以选项C为正确答案。unless相当于if not，例如：
I'll stay at home unless I'm invited. 如果没有受到邀请，我就呆在家里。 Unless the government agrees to give extra money, the
theatre will have to close.
除非政府同意提供更多的资金，否则这家剧院将不得不关闭。
18.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由in that引导的原因状语从句。全句可译为：英国报业与众不同，因为报纸分成截然不同的两种类型：内容较为严肃的大报和通俗小报。根据题意，空格处必须填入表示“因为”这一意思的连接词。本题四个选项中，只有选项D符合要求，所以是正确答案。例如： The girl is like her mother in that she has very delicate feeling.
这个女孩子很象她母亲，因为她感情细腻。
Television is different from radio in that it sends and
receives pictures.
电视与无线电不同，电视能播送和接收图象。
19.正确答案为选项D。
本题测试由while引导的让步状语从句。全句可译为：虽然你们的意见值得考虑，但是委员会认为过分注重你们的意见是不明智的。揣测题意，空格处应填入表示“虽然”、“尽管”等意思的连接词，选项A、D均可表示这一意思。不过，as表示上述意思，引导让步状语从句时，从句要倒装，因而本题只有选项D为正确答案。比较下面的句子：
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 尽管我能理解你所说的，但却无法赞同。 Tired as I was, I tried to help them.
尽管我已经很累，我还是尽力帮助他们。
20.正确答案为选项A。
本题测试由than所引导的比较状语从句。全句可译为：在一天当中，学生所做的远不止是听课。当than作为连词，引导比较状语从句时，相比较的两个部分在结构上应当平行，只是than-从句常为省略句。我们可以把题句补充完整如下：
In the course of a day students do far more than (they)
just attend classes.
由此可见，只有选项A是正确答案。又如：
You arrived earlier than necessary. ( = than it is necessary
for you to arrive )
你比要求的时间到得早。
I took more luggage than was allowed. ( = than it was
allowed for me to take ) 我带的行李超过了额定重量。