新都市主义宪章
1996年在美国南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿召开的第四次大会上通过了《新都市主义宪章》（Charter of New Urbanism）
（一）新都市主义宪章全文
新都市主义大会认为城市中央的衰落、没有地方感的无序蔓延的广泛传播、种族和收入不断增长的差距、环境恶化、农田和野生生态的丧失以及对社会业已形成的传统的侵蚀成为社区建设所面临的一个相互联系的挑战。
我们主张恢复都市地区中的现有城市中心和市镇，重新配置无序蔓延的郊区成为具有真正社区和多样化的城区，保护自然环境，以及保护我们已有的传统遗产。
我们认识到仅仅有物质环境方案还解决不了社会和经济问题，但是没有一个紧密和相互支持的物质结构，经济活力、社区稳定和环境健康也无法维持。 我们提倡重新构筑我们的公共政策和发展实践来支持以下原则：社区应该在使用和人口上多样化；社区设计应该为步行和公共交通以及汽车服务；城市和城镇应该由物质环境明确的完全开放的公共空间和社区机构构成；城市地方应该通过适应地方历史、气候、生态和建筑实践的建筑和景观设计来形成。
我们代表了一个具有广泛基础的市民群体，由政府和私人部门的领袖、社区积极分子，以及各种的专业人士组成。我们致力于通过有市民广泛参加的规划和设计来重新建立建筑艺术和社区形成的联系。
我们愿意为了重新夺回我们的家、街区、街道、公园、社区、市区、市镇、城市、地区和环境而努力。
我们主张通过以下原则来指导公共政策、开发实践、城市规划和设计。 地区：大都市、城市和城镇
（1）大都市地区是由地形、流域、岸线、农田、地区公园和河流盆地为地理边界而确定的许多地方组成。
（2）大都市地区是当代世界的一个基本经济单元。政府合作、公共政策、物质规划和经济战略必须反映这个新的现实。
（3）大都市与其内地和自然景现有一个必然的和脆弱的联系，这种联系是环境、经济和文化上的。耕地和自然对大都市就像花园对它的住宅一样重要。
（4）开发模式不应该模糊或彻底破坏大都市的边界。在现有城市地区内填空式的发展，以及重新开垦边缘和被抛弃的地区可保护环境资源、经济投资和社会网络。大都市地区应该发展某些战略来鼓励这样的填空式开发，而不是向边缘扩张。
（5）只要适当，朝向城市边缘的新开发应该以社区和城区的方式组织，并与现有城市形式形成一个整体。非连续性的开发应按照城镇和村庄的方式组织，有他们自己的城市边缘，并规划达到工作和住宅平衡，而不是一个卧室型的郊区。
（6）城市和城镇的开发和再开发应该尊重历史形成的模式、常规和边界。
（7）城市和城镇应该带来尽量多的公共和私人使用，以支持地区经济并授急于所有收入的人群。经济住宅应该在地区范围内广泛分配，来适应工作机会和避免贫穷的集中。
（8）地区的物质规划应该被众多的交通选择所支持。公共交通、步行和自行车系统应该在全区域范围最大限度地畅通，以减少对汽车的依赖。
（9）收入和资源应该在区域内的城市和中心之间共同分配，以避免对税收的恶性竞争，并促进交通、休闲娱乐、公共服务、住房和社区机构的理性的协调。 社区、城区和条形走廊
（1）社区、城区和条形走廊是大都市开发和再开发的基本元素。他们形成了可确认的地区来鼓励市民对其维护和发展担负责任。
（2）社区应该是紧凑的、步行友善和混合使用的。城区总体上强调一个特别的使用，如果可能应遵循社区设计的原则。走廊是地区内社区和城区的连接体，他们包括大道、铁路、河流和公园大道。
（3）日常生活的许多活动应该发生在步行距离内，使不能驾驶的人群特别是老年人和未成年人有独立性。相互连接的街道网络应该设计为鼓励步行，减少机动车的出行次数和距离，节约能源。
（4）在社区内，广泛的住宅类型和价格层次可以使年龄、种族和收入多样化的人群每天交流，加强个人和市民的联系，这对一个真正的社区很重要。
（5）在合理规划和协调的前提下，公共交通走廊可以帮助组织大都市的结构和复苏城市中心。相反，高速公路走廊不应该从现有城市中心转移出投资。
（6）适当的建筑密度和土地使用应该在公共交通站点的步行距离内，使得公共交通成为机动车的一个可行替代物。
（7）集中的市政、机构和商业活动应该置身于社区和城区内，不是在遥远的单一用途的建筑综合体内与世隔绝。学校的规模和位置应在孩童可以步行或使用自行车的范围。
（8）通过明确的城市设计法规作为可以预见发展变化的指南，社区、城区和走廊的经济健康与和谐发展可以得到改进。
（9）一系列的公园、从小块绿地和村庄绿化带到球场和社区花园，应该分布于全社区内。受保护地和开敞土地应用于确定和连接不同的社区和城区。 街区，街道和建筑
（1）所有城市建筑和景观设计的最基本任务是在物质上定义街道和公共空间，多种用途的地方。
（2）单独的建筑项目应该完美地与它的周围相连接，这比独特风格更重要。
（3）城市地方的复苏依赖于安全保卫。街道和建筑的设计应加强安全的环境，能牺牲开放性和方便使用性。作为但不
（4）在当代的大都市，开发必须要充分地适应机动车交通。它只能以尊重步行和公共空间形态的方式完成。
（5）街道和广场应该对步行者安全、舒适和有吸引力。合理的布局鼓励步行并使邻居相识和保卫他们的社区。
（6）建筑和景观设计应植根于当地的气候、地形、历史和建筑实践。
（7）市政建筑和公共集散地要求重要的地点以加强社区标志和民主文化。他们应得到与众不同的形式，因为它们对形成城市网络的作用与其他建筑和地点不同。
（8）所有建筑应该提供给它的居住者以清晰的地点、气候和时间感。 自然方式的采暖通风比机械系统有更高的资源效率。
（9）历史建筑、城区和景观的保护和更新兵保持城市社会的连续和演变。 引自：书名: 《新社区与新城市：住宅小区的消逝与新社区的崛起》 作者: 杨德昭著 Charter of the New Urbanism
CNU members ratified the Charter of the New Urbanism at CNU's fourth annual Congress in 1996. Applying valuable lessons from the past to the modern world, it outlines principles for building better communities,
from the scale of the region down to the block. View also the Canons of Sustainable Architecture and Urbanism, a companion document that builds on the Charter's vision of sustainability.
The Congress for the New Urbanism views disinvestment in central cities, the spread of placeless sprawl, increasing separation by race and income, environmental deterioration, loss of agricultural lands and wilderness, and the erosion of society's built heritage as one interrelated community-building challenge.
We stand for the restoration of existing urban centers and towns within coherent metropolitan regions, the reconfiguration of sprawling suburbs into communities of real neighborhoods and diverse districts, the
conservation of natural environments, and the preservation of our built legacy.
We recognize that physical solutions by themselves will not solve social and economic problems, but neither can economic vitality, community stability, and environmental health be sustained without a coherent and supportive physical framework.
We advocate the restructuring of public policy and development practices to support the following principles: neighborhoods should be diverse in use and population; communities should be designed for the pedestrian and transit as well as the car; cities and towns should be shaped by physically defined and universally accessible public spaces and community
institutions; urban places should be framed by architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology, and building practice.
We represent a broad-based citizenry, composed of public and private sector leaders, community activists, and multidisciplinary professionals. We are committed to reestablishing the relationship between the art of building and the making of community, through citizen-based participatory planning and design.
We dedicate ourselves to reclaiming our homes, blocks, streets, parks, neighborhoods, districts, towns, cities, regions, and environment. We assert the following principles to guide public policy, development practice, urban planning, and design:
The region: Metropolis, city, and town
1. Metropolitan regions are finite places with geographic boundaries derived from topography, watersheds, coastlines, farmlands, regional parks, and river basins. The metropolis is made of multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages, each with its own identifiable center and edges.
2. The metropolitan region is a fundamental economic unit of the contemporary world. Governmental cooperation, public policy, physical planning, and economic strategies must reflect this new reality.
3. The metropolis has a necessary and fragile relationship to its agrarian hinterland and natural landscapes. The relationship is environmental, economic, and cultural. Farmland and nature are as important to the metropolis as the garden is to the house.
4. Development patterns should not blur or eradicate the edges of the metropolis. Infill development within existing urban areas conserves environmental resources, economic investment, and social fabric, while reclaiming marginal and abandoned areas. Metropolitan regions should develop strategies to encourage such infill development over peripheral expansion.
5. Where appropriate, new development contiguous to urban boundaries should be organized as neighborhoods and districts, and be integrated with the existing urban pattern. Noncontiguous development should be organized as towns and villages with their own urban edges, and planned for a jobs/housing balance, not as bedroom suburbs.
6. The development and redevelopment of towns and cities should respect historical patterns, precedents, and boundaries.
7. Cities and towns should bring into proximity a broad spectrum of public and private uses to support a regional economy that benefits people of all incomes. Affordable housing should be distributed throughout the region to match job opportunities and to avoid concentrations of poverty.
8. The physical organization of the region should be supported by a framework of transportation alternatives. Transit, pedestrian, and bicycle systems should maximize access and mobility throughout the region while reducing dependence upon the automobile.
9. Revenues and resources can be shared more cooperatively among the municipalities and centers within regions to avoid destructive competition for tax base and to promote rational coordination of transportation, recreation, public services, housing, and community institutions.
The neighborhood, the district, and the corridor
1. The neighborhood, the district, and the corridor are the essential elements of development and redevelopment in the metropolis. They form identifiable areas that encourage citizens to take responsibility for their maintenance and evolution.
2. Neighborhoods should be compact, pedestrian-friendly, and mixed-use. Districts generally emphasize a special single use, and should follow the principles of neighborhood design when possible. Corridors are regional connectors of neighborhoods and districts; they range from boulevards and rail lines to rivers and parkways.
3. Many activities of daily living should occur within walking distance, allowing independence to those who do not drive, especially the elderly and the young. Interconnected networks of streets should be designed to encourage walking, reduce the number and length of automobile trips, and conserve energy.
4. Within neighborhoods, a broad range of housing types and price levels can bring people of diverse ages, races, and incomes into daily interaction, strengthening the personal and civic bonds essential to an authentic community.
5. Transit corridors, when properly planned and coordinated, can help organize metropolitan structure and revitalize urban centers. In contrast, highway corridors should not displace investment from existing centers.
6. Appropriate building densities and land uses should be within walking distance of transit stops, permitting public transit to become a viable alternative to the automobile.
7. Concentrations of civic, institutional, and commercial activity should be embedded in neighborhoods and districts, not isolated in remote, single-use complexes. Schools should be sized and located to enable children to walk or bicycle to them.
8. The economic health and harmonious evolution of neighborhoods, districts, and corridors can be improved through graphic urban design codes that serve as predictable guides for change.
9. A range of parks, from tot-lots and village greens to ballfields and community gardens, should be distributed within neighborhoods. Conservation areas and open lands should be used to define and connect different neighborhoods and districts.
The block, the street, and the building
1. A primary task of all urban architecture and landscape design is the physical definition of streets and public spaces as places of shared use.
2. Individual architectural projects should be seamlessly linked to their surroundings. This issue transcends style.
3. The revitalization of urban places depends on safety and security. The design of streets and buildings should reinforce safe environments, but not at the expense of accessibility and openness.
4. In the contemporary metropolis, development must adequately
accommodate automobiles. It should do so in ways that respect the pedestrian and the form of public space.
5. Streets and squares should be safe, comfortable, and interesting to the pedestrian. Properly configured, they encourage walking and enable neighbors to know each other and protect their communities. 6. Architecture and landscape design should grow from local climate, topography, history, and building practice.
7. Civic buildings and public gathering places require important sites to reinforce community identity and the culture of democracy. They deserve distinctive form, because their role is different from that of other buildings and places that constitute the fabric of the city. 8. All buildings should provide their inhabitants with a clear sense of location, weather and time. Natural methods of heating and cooling can be more resource-efficient than mechanical systems.
9. Preservation and renewal of historic buildings, districts, and landscapes affirm the continuity and evolution of urban society. Copyright 1996, Congress for the New Urbanism. Permission is hereby granted to reproduce the Charter in full or in excerpt, provided that this copyright notice remains intact.
新都市主义宪章
1996年在美国南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿召开的第四次大会上通过了《新都市主义宪章》（Charter of New Urbanism）
（一）新都市主义宪章全文
新都市主义大会认为城市中央的衰落、没有地方感的无序蔓延的广泛传播、种族和收入不断增长的差距、环境恶化、农田和野生生态的丧失以及对社会业已形成的传统的侵蚀成为社区建设所面临的一个相互联系的挑战。
我们主张恢复都市地区中的现有城市中心和市镇，重新配置无序蔓延的郊区成为具有真正社区和多样化的城区，保护自然环境，以及保护我们已有的传统遗产。
我们认识到仅仅有物质环境方案还解决不了社会和经济问题，但是没有一个紧密和相互支持的物质结构，经济活力、社区稳定和环境健康也无法维持。 我们提倡重新构筑我们的公共政策和发展实践来支持以下原则：社区应该在使用和人口上多样化；社区设计应该为步行和公共交通以及汽车服务；城市和城镇应该由物质环境明确的完全开放的公共空间和社区机构构成；城市地方应该通过适应地方历史、气候、生态和建筑实践的建筑和景观设计来形成。
我们代表了一个具有广泛基础的市民群体，由政府和私人部门的领袖、社区积极分子，以及各种的专业人士组成。我们致力于通过有市民广泛参加的规划和设计来重新建立建筑艺术和社区形成的联系。
我们愿意为了重新夺回我们的家、街区、街道、公园、社区、市区、市镇、城市、地区和环境而努力。
我们主张通过以下原则来指导公共政策、开发实践、城市规划和设计。 地区：大都市、城市和城镇
（1）大都市地区是由地形、流域、岸线、农田、地区公园和河流盆地为地理边界而确定的许多地方组成。
（2）大都市地区是当代世界的一个基本经济单元。政府合作、公共政策、物质规划和经济战略必须反映这个新的现实。
（3）大都市与其内地和自然景现有一个必然的和脆弱的联系，这种联系是环境、经济和文化上的。耕地和自然对大都市就像花园对它的住宅一样重要。
（4）开发模式不应该模糊或彻底破坏大都市的边界。在现有城市地区内填空式的发展，以及重新开垦边缘和被抛弃的地区可保护环境资源、经济投资和社会网络。大都市地区应该发展某些战略来鼓励这样的填空式开发，而不是向边缘扩张。
（5）只要适当，朝向城市边缘的新开发应该以社区和城区的方式组织，并与现有城市形式形成一个整体。非连续性的开发应按照城镇和村庄的方式组织，有他们自己的城市边缘，并规划达到工作和住宅平衡，而不是一个卧室型的郊区。
（6）城市和城镇的开发和再开发应该尊重历史形成的模式、常规和边界。
（7）城市和城镇应该带来尽量多的公共和私人使用，以支持地区经济并授急于所有收入的人群。经济住宅应该在地区范围内广泛分配，来适应工作机会和避免贫穷的集中。
（8）地区的物质规划应该被众多的交通选择所支持。公共交通、步行和自行车系统应该在全区域范围最大限度地畅通，以减少对汽车的依赖。
（9）收入和资源应该在区域内的城市和中心之间共同分配，以避免对税收的恶性竞争，并促进交通、休闲娱乐、公共服务、住房和社区机构的理性的协调。 社区、城区和条形走廊
（1）社区、城区和条形走廊是大都市开发和再开发的基本元素。他们形成了可确认的地区来鼓励市民对其维护和发展担负责任。
（2）社区应该是紧凑的、步行友善和混合使用的。城区总体上强调一个特别的使用，如果可能应遵循社区设计的原则。走廊是地区内社区和城区的连接体，他们包括大道、铁路、河流和公园大道。
（3）日常生活的许多活动应该发生在步行距离内，使不能驾驶的人群特别是老年人和未成年人有独立性。相互连接的街道网络应该设计为鼓励步行，减少机动车的出行次数和距离，节约能源。
（4）在社区内，广泛的住宅类型和价格层次可以使年龄、种族和收入多样化的人群每天交流，加强个人和市民的联系，这对一个真正的社区很重要。
（5）在合理规划和协调的前提下，公共交通走廊可以帮助组织大都市的结构和复苏城市中心。相反，高速公路走廊不应该从现有城市中心转移出投资。
（6）适当的建筑密度和土地使用应该在公共交通站点的步行距离内，使得公共交通成为机动车的一个可行替代物。
（7）集中的市政、机构和商业活动应该置身于社区和城区内，不是在遥远的单一用途的建筑综合体内与世隔绝。学校的规模和位置应在孩童可以步行或使用自行车的范围。
（8）通过明确的城市设计法规作为可以预见发展变化的指南，社区、城区和走廊的经济健康与和谐发展可以得到改进。
（9）一系列的公园、从小块绿地和村庄绿化带到球场和社区花园，应该分布于全社区内。受保护地和开敞土地应用于确定和连接不同的社区和城区。 街区，街道和建筑
（1）所有城市建筑和景观设计的最基本任务是在物质上定义街道和公共空间，多种用途的地方。
（2）单独的建筑项目应该完美地与它的周围相连接，这比独特风格更重要。
（3）城市地方的复苏依赖于安全保卫。街道和建筑的设计应加强安全的环境，能牺牲开放性和方便使用性。作为但不
（4）在当代的大都市，开发必须要充分地适应机动车交通。它只能以尊重步行和公共空间形态的方式完成。
（5）街道和广场应该对步行者安全、舒适和有吸引力。合理的布局鼓励步行并使邻居相识和保卫他们的社区。
（6）建筑和景观设计应植根于当地的气候、地形、历史和建筑实践。
（7）市政建筑和公共集散地要求重要的地点以加强社区标志和民主文化。他们应得到与众不同的形式，因为它们对形成城市网络的作用与其他建筑和地点不同。
（8）所有建筑应该提供给它的居住者以清晰的地点、气候和时间感。 自然方式的采暖通风比机械系统有更高的资源效率。
（9）历史建筑、城区和景观的保护和更新兵保持城市社会的连续和演变。 引自：书名: 《新社区与新城市：住宅小区的消逝与新社区的崛起》 作者: 杨德昭著 Charter of the New Urbanism
CNU members ratified the Charter of the New Urbanism at CNU's fourth annual Congress in 1996. Applying valuable lessons from the past to the modern world, it outlines principles for building better communities,
from the scale of the region down to the block. View also the Canons of Sustainable Architecture and Urbanism, a companion document that builds on the Charter's vision of sustainability.
The Congress for the New Urbanism views disinvestment in central cities, the spread of placeless sprawl, increasing separation by race and income, environmental deterioration, loss of agricultural lands and wilderness, and the erosion of society's built heritage as one interrelated community-building challenge.
We stand for the restoration of existing urban centers and towns within coherent metropolitan regions, the reconfiguration of sprawling suburbs into communities of real neighborhoods and diverse districts, the
conservation of natural environments, and the preservation of our built legacy.
We recognize that physical solutions by themselves will not solve social and economic problems, but neither can economic vitality, community stability, and environmental health be sustained without a coherent and supportive physical framework.
We advocate the restructuring of public policy and development practices to support the following principles: neighborhoods should be diverse in use and population; communities should be designed for the pedestrian and transit as well as the car; cities and towns should be shaped by physically defined and universally accessible public spaces and community
institutions; urban places should be framed by architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology, and building practice.
We represent a broad-based citizenry, composed of public and private sector leaders, community activists, and multidisciplinary professionals. We are committed to reestablishing the relationship between the art of building and the making of community, through citizen-based participatory planning and design.
We dedicate ourselves to reclaiming our homes, blocks, streets, parks, neighborhoods, districts, towns, cities, regions, and environment. We assert the following principles to guide public policy, development practice, urban planning, and design:
The region: Metropolis, city, and town
1. Metropolitan regions are finite places with geographic boundaries derived from topography, watersheds, coastlines, farmlands, regional parks, and river basins. The metropolis is made of multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages, each with its own identifiable center and edges.
2. The metropolitan region is a fundamental economic unit of the contemporary world. Governmental cooperation, public policy, physical planning, and economic strategies must reflect this new reality.
3. The metropolis has a necessary and fragile relationship to its agrarian hinterland and natural landscapes. The relationship is environmental, economic, and cultural. Farmland and nature are as important to the metropolis as the garden is to the house.
4. Development patterns should not blur or eradicate the edges of the metropolis. Infill development within existing urban areas conserves environmental resources, economic investment, and social fabric, while reclaiming marginal and abandoned areas. Metropolitan regions should develop strategies to encourage such infill development over peripheral expansion.
5. Where appropriate, new development contiguous to urban boundaries should be organized as neighborhoods and districts, and be integrated with the existing urban pattern. Noncontiguous development should be organized as towns and villages with their own urban edges, and planned for a jobs/housing balance, not as bedroom suburbs.
6. The development and redevelopment of towns and cities should respect historical patterns, precedents, and boundaries.
7. Cities and towns should bring into proximity a broad spectrum of public and private uses to support a regional economy that benefits people of all incomes. Affordable housing should be distributed throughout the region to match job opportunities and to avoid concentrations of poverty.
8. The physical organization of the region should be supported by a framework of transportation alternatives. Transit, pedestrian, and bicycle systems should maximize access and mobility throughout the region while reducing dependence upon the automobile.
9. Revenues and resources can be shared more cooperatively among the municipalities and centers within regions to avoid destructive competition for tax base and to promote rational coordination of transportation, recreation, public services, housing, and community institutions.
The neighborhood, the district, and the corridor
1. The neighborhood, the district, and the corridor are the essential elements of development and redevelopment in the metropolis. They form identifiable areas that encourage citizens to take responsibility for their maintenance and evolution.
2. Neighborhoods should be compact, pedestrian-friendly, and mixed-use. Districts generally emphasize a special single use, and should follow the principles of neighborhood design when possible. Corridors are regional connectors of neighborhoods and districts; they range from boulevards and rail lines to rivers and parkways.
3. Many activities of daily living should occur within walking distance, allowing independence to those who do not drive, especially the elderly and the young. Interconnected networks of streets should be designed to encourage walking, reduce the number and length of automobile trips, and conserve energy.
4. Within neighborhoods, a broad range of housing types and price levels can bring people of diverse ages, races, and incomes into daily interaction, strengthening the personal and civic bonds essential to an authentic community.
5. Transit corridors, when properly planned and coordinated, can help organize metropolitan structure and revitalize urban centers. In contrast, highway corridors should not displace investment from existing centers.
6. Appropriate building densities and land uses should be within walking distance of transit stops, permitting public transit to become a viable alternative to the automobile.
7. Concentrations of civic, institutional, and commercial activity should be embedded in neighborhoods and districts, not isolated in remote, single-use complexes. Schools should be sized and located to enable children to walk or bicycle to them.
8. The economic health and harmonious evolution of neighborhoods, districts, and corridors can be improved through graphic urban design codes that serve as predictable guides for change.
9. A range of parks, from tot-lots and village greens to ballfields and community gardens, should be distributed within neighborhoods. Conservation areas and open lands should be used to define and connect different neighborhoods and districts.
The block, the street, and the building
1. A primary task of all urban architecture and landscape design is the physical definition of streets and public spaces as places of shared use.
2. Individual architectural projects should be seamlessly linked to their surroundings. This issue transcends style.
3. The revitalization of urban places depends on safety and security. The design of streets and buildings should reinforce safe environments, but not at the expense of accessibility and openness.
4. In the contemporary metropolis, development must adequately
accommodate automobiles. It should do so in ways that respect the pedestrian and the form of public space.
5. Streets and squares should be safe, comfortable, and interesting to the pedestrian. Properly configured, they encourage walking and enable neighbors to know each other and protect their communities. 6. Architecture and landscape design should grow from local climate, topography, history, and building practice.
7. Civic buildings and public gathering places require important sites to reinforce community identity and the culture of democracy. They deserve distinctive form, because their role is different from that of other buildings and places that constitute the fabric of the city. 8. All buildings should provide their inhabitants with a clear sense of location, weather and time. Natural methods of heating and cooling can be more resource-efficient than mechanical systems.
9. Preservation and renewal of historic buildings, districts, and landscapes affirm the continuity and evolution of urban society. Copyright 1996, Congress for the New Urbanism. Permission is hereby granted to reproduce the Charter in full or in excerpt, provided that this copyright notice remains intact.