美式英语音标分类说明
phonetics the sounds of american english
发音: 美国英语语音
consonants 辅音
vowels 元音
--------------------------------------------
第一 按发音方法分类(辅音)：
manner
(发音)方式
1.stop
爆破音--是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。
2.fricative
摩擦音--由发音器官造成的缝隙使气流产生摩擦而发出的声音。
3.affricate
塞擦音--有塞音和擦音紧密结合所构成的音，发音时注意最初形成阻碍部位要完全闭塞，然后渐渐打开。
4.nasal
鼻音--口腔气流通路阻塞,软腭下垂,鼻腔通气发出的声音。
5.liquid
流音--舌端齿龈测流音 ,舌端紧贴上齿龈,舌前部向硬腭抬起,气流从舌的一侧或两侧滑出。
6.glide
滑音--指发音器官移向或移离某一发音动作的过度音。
--------------------------------------------------
第二 按发音位置分类(辅音)：
place (发音)位置
1.bilabial
双唇音--由上唇和下唇接触，使语流受阻而构成的一种辅音。
2.labiodental
唇齿音--由唇与牙齿的咬合而发出的辅音。
3.lingua-dental
舌齿音--牙齿咬着舌头发出的音。
4.palatal
上腭音--舌头贴着上腭发出的音。
5.lingua-velar
软颚音--舌头贴着软颚发出的音。
6.glottal
声门(声带)音--自声门发出的音。
--------------------------------------------------------------
第三 按嗓音分类(辅音)：
voice 嗓音
1.voiced
浊音--振动声带所发出的辅音，除气流受到阻碍外，同时振动声带发出乐音。
2.voiceless
清音--发音时不振动声带所发出的辅音，即清音纯粹由气流受阻所构成的且不带乐音。
----------------------------------------
第四 元音的分类：
1.monophthongs 单元音
2.front 前元音
3.central 中元音
4.back 后元音
5.diphthongs 双元音, 复合元音
单元音发音的共性： 1. 舌位不移动； 2. 在发音过程中，没有摩擦； 3. 不受发音器官的任何阻碍。
单元音发音的特点： 1. 前元音发音时，舌端靠近下齿，舌前部抬高； 2. 中元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌中部抬高； 3. 后元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌后部抬高。
英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音
元音
12个单元音
长元音 [i:] [E:] [O:] [u:] [A:]
短元音 [E] [O] [V] [Q] [e]
8个双元音: [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au]
辅音10对
清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S] [tS] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音 [d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z] [dZ] [dr] [dz]
3个鼻音 [m] [n] [N]
3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]
2个半元音 [w] [j]
巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后。
双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。
辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，
四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，
有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。
关于语音的几个概念:
AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD）
KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。
DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来. 英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received
Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic
Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA─International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 58英语学习 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.
辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.
开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant
A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house.
A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.
A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea 1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling
2) 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [æ] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58英语学习网
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control
around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [:] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) []字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
10) [] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two
true truth blue full prude
12) 字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book wood
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) [iε] 字母组合 eer ear
beer deer
ear near
here fierce idea
19) [] 字母组合ear air ere
pear bear
chair air fair
there where
care
20) [uε] 字母组合our ower
hour tour
flower shower
2 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [R：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
[A][Q]
fan fun tan tun san son tank tun
3辅音
1) pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk 58英语 sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
of
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [T] that this those these though
18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [V] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach www.58en.com
24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well s] [W]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [T]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [N]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 5字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [æ] [[] [a:] [R]
late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [[] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju] [Q] [[]
university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble 58英语学习 support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [dV] [N]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [N]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [[](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [[] [R:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]
cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break
idea realize
14) ear [[:] [i[]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [[:] [[] [i[]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere [i[] [Z[]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [[:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [Q] [R:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood
door floor
19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ R:] [J[]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [J[] [R:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [Q] [[]
house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [[J] [au]
window meadow know show low now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth 58英语学习 clothes that this then than
26) sion [F[n] [V[n]
propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见) station nation translation attention question
美式英语音标分类说明
phonetics the sounds of american english
发音: 美国英语语音
consonants 辅音
vowels 元音
--------------------------------------------
第一 按发音方法分类(辅音)：
manner
(发音)方式
1.stop
爆破音--是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。
2.fricative
摩擦音--由发音器官造成的缝隙使气流产生摩擦而发出的声音。
3.affricate
塞擦音--有塞音和擦音紧密结合所构成的音，发音时注意最初形成阻碍部位要完全闭塞，然后渐渐打开。
4.nasal
鼻音--口腔气流通路阻塞,软腭下垂,鼻腔通气发出的声音。
5.liquid
流音--舌端齿龈测流音 ,舌端紧贴上齿龈,舌前部向硬腭抬起,气流从舌的一侧或两侧滑出。
6.glide
滑音--指发音器官移向或移离某一发音动作的过度音。
--------------------------------------------------
第二 按发音位置分类(辅音)：
place (发音)位置
1.bilabial
双唇音--由上唇和下唇接触，使语流受阻而构成的一种辅音。
2.labiodental
唇齿音--由唇与牙齿的咬合而发出的辅音。
3.lingua-dental
舌齿音--牙齿咬着舌头发出的音。
4.palatal
上腭音--舌头贴着上腭发出的音。
5.lingua-velar
软颚音--舌头贴着软颚发出的音。
6.glottal
声门(声带)音--自声门发出的音。
--------------------------------------------------------------
第三 按嗓音分类(辅音)：
voice 嗓音
1.voiced
浊音--振动声带所发出的辅音，除气流受到阻碍外，同时振动声带发出乐音。
2.voiceless
清音--发音时不振动声带所发出的辅音，即清音纯粹由气流受阻所构成的且不带乐音。
----------------------------------------
第四 元音的分类：
1.monophthongs 单元音
2.front 前元音
3.central 中元音
4.back 后元音
5.diphthongs 双元音, 复合元音
单元音发音的共性： 1. 舌位不移动； 2. 在发音过程中，没有摩擦； 3. 不受发音器官的任何阻碍。
单元音发音的特点： 1. 前元音发音时，舌端靠近下齿，舌前部抬高； 2. 中元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌中部抬高； 3. 后元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌后部抬高。
英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音
元音
12个单元音
长元音 [i:] [E:] [O:] [u:] [A:]
短元音 [E] [O] [V] [Q] [e]
8个双元音: [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au]
辅音10对
清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S] [tS] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音 [d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z] [dZ] [dr] [dz]
3个鼻音 [m] [n] [N]
3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]
2个半元音 [w] [j]
巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后。
双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。
辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，
四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，
有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。
关于语音的几个概念:
AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD）
KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。
DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来. 英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received
Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic
Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA─International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 58英语学习 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.
辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.
开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant
A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house.
A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.
A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea 1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling
2) 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [æ] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58英语学习网
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control
around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [:] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) []字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
10) [] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two
true truth blue full prude
12) 字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book wood
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) [iε] 字母组合 eer ear
beer deer
ear near
here fierce idea
19) [] 字母组合ear air ere
pear bear
chair air fair
there where
care
20) [uε] 字母组合our ower
hour tour
flower shower
2 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [R：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
[A][Q]
fan fun tan tun san son tank tun
3辅音
1) pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk 58英语 sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
of
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [T] that this those these though
18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [V] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach www.58en.com
24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well s] [W]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [T]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [N]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 5字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [æ] [[] [a:] [R]
late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [[] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju] [Q] [[]
university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble 58英语学习 support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [dV] [N]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [N]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [[](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [[] [R:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]
cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break
idea realize
14) ear [[:] [i[]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [[:] [[] [i[]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere [i[] [Z[]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [[:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [Q] [R:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood
door floor
19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ R:] [J[]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [J[] [R:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [Q] [[]
house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [[J] [au]
window meadow know show low now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth 58英语学习 clothes that this then than
26) sion [F[n] [V[n]
propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见) station nation translation attention question