4、主系表结构
所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
主系表句型结构用来说明一个事物，事物的状态，状态的改变，状态的持续。
一、主语（ Subject ）
主语是一句话的中心，表示所说的是谁或是什么，其位置一般放在句首。可以做主语的成分有：
1 名词或名词词组：Tom，my dream，my brother（teacher，friend）
2 代词：I， you，he，she ,we ,they
3 动名词：Swimming is good for health.
4 不定式：To talk to him is my dream。
5 从句：That he is coming this afternoon is very exciting！
6其他：…..
二、系动词（ Link verb ）
系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。
1 表示状态的系动词：[be], keep, stay, remain（保持、是）等
2 表示状态改变: turn（与原来完全不同）, grow（渐渐变得）, become, get（人的情绪
或身体状态变化、天气变化）go(变不好), come（变好）, run，fall
等
3 表示感觉或知觉：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear，seem等（看/听/闻起来）
三、表语（ Predicative ）表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后，主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词（短语）或动名词（短语）等来充当。
1 形容词
Hi, boys, please keep quiet!
When he saw this, his blood ran cold.
2 名词（代词）
You are my friend.
My brother is a soldier.
Who is there?—It’s me.
3 副词
---Is Helen in? -No, she’s out .
He has fallen asleep, but the TV is still on.
When will you be back?
4 介词短语
The bus stop is just across the road.
To help you do this is really beyond my power(me).
5动名词（短语）
Her hobby is collecting stamps.
What I like most is reading novels.
*Collecing stamps is my hobby.
6不定式
The problem is to find the right place quickly.
My only wish is to do what’s best for you.
*My dream is to study abroad.
7 句子
What surprised me was (that) she spoke English so well.
The question is what you want to do.
What I want to know is how we can solve the fuel problem.
8 形容词+介词短语
She was afraid of snakes.
The research team is short of funds.
We are confident in his ability.
9 形容词+不定式
I’m sorry to hear that you’re ill.
She’s ready to help others.
We’re determined to follow his example.
10 形容词+从句
I’m afraid (that) there is some misunderstanding between us.
I’m glad (that) you’ve come.
I’m not sure what I ought to do.
I’m not certain who he is.
I’m not sure whether I should go to France or Italy for my holiday.
四 . 主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况
（一）否定形式：
1. 主语＋ be （ is ， am ， are ） not ＋表语。
2. 主语＋助动词（ do/ does ）＋ not ＋ feel/ smell/ look…… ＋表语。例如：
She is a good girl. → She is not a good girl.
You look happy. → You don’t look happy.
It smells bad. → It doesn’t smell bad.
（二）一般疑问句形式：
1. Be （ Is / Am/ Are ）＋主语＋表语？
2. 助动词（ Do/ Does ）＋主语＋动词原形＋表语？例如：
This girl is in Row One. → Is this girl in Row One？
She feels terrible. → Does she feel terrible？
We look excited. → Do you look excited？
Exercise：
请大家按句子后面括号内的要求改写句子：
1. Lily is American. （改为一般疑问句）
2. I am from Sichuan. （改为否定句）
3. He looks puzzled. （改为一般疑问句）
4. They feel very excited. （改为否定句）
5. I am not feeling well. （改为肯定句）
6. The news sounds very bad. （改为一般疑问句）
7. We are all here. （改为一般疑问句）
8. The food tastes delicious. （改为一般疑问句）
9. Its name is Mimi. （改为否定句）
10. I feel well. （改为否定句）
Key：
1. Is Lily American？
2. I am not from Sichuan.
3. Does he look puzzled？
4. They don’t feel excited.
5. I am feeling well.
6. Does the news sound very bad？
7. Are you all here？
8. Does the food taste delicious？
9. Its name is not Mimi.
10. I don’t feel well.
4、主系表结构
所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
主系表句型结构用来说明一个事物，事物的状态，状态的改变，状态的持续。
一、主语（ Subject ）
主语是一句话的中心，表示所说的是谁或是什么，其位置一般放在句首。可以做主语的成分有：
1 名词或名词词组：Tom，my dream，my brother（teacher，friend）
2 代词：I， you，he，she ,we ,they
3 动名词：Swimming is good for health.
4 不定式：To talk to him is my dream。
5 从句：That he is coming this afternoon is very exciting！
6其他：…..
二、系动词（ Link verb ）
系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。
1 表示状态的系动词：[be], keep, stay, remain（保持、是）等
2 表示状态改变: turn（与原来完全不同）, grow（渐渐变得）, become, get（人的情绪
或身体状态变化、天气变化）go(变不好), come（变好）, run，fall
等
3 表示感觉或知觉：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear，seem等（看/听/闻起来）
三、表语（ Predicative ）表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后，主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词（短语）或动名词（短语）等来充当。
1 形容词
Hi, boys, please keep quiet!
When he saw this, his blood ran cold.
2 名词（代词）
You are my friend.
My brother is a soldier.
Who is there?—It’s me.
3 副词
---Is Helen in? -No, she’s out .
He has fallen asleep, but the TV is still on.
When will you be back?
4 介词短语
The bus stop is just across the road.
To help you do this is really beyond my power(me).
5动名词（短语）
Her hobby is collecting stamps.
What I like most is reading novels.
*Collecing stamps is my hobby.
6不定式
The problem is to find the right place quickly.
My only wish is to do what’s best for you.
*My dream is to study abroad.
7 句子
What surprised me was (that) she spoke English so well.
The question is what you want to do.
What I want to know is how we can solve the fuel problem.
8 形容词+介词短语
She was afraid of snakes.
The research team is short of funds.
We are confident in his ability.
9 形容词+不定式
I’m sorry to hear that you’re ill.
She’s ready to help others.
We’re determined to follow his example.
10 形容词+从句
I’m afraid (that) there is some misunderstanding between us.
I’m glad (that) you’ve come.
I’m not sure what I ought to do.
I’m not certain who he is.
I’m not sure whether I should go to France or Italy for my holiday.
四 . 主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况
（一）否定形式：
1. 主语＋ be （ is ， am ， are ） not ＋表语。
2. 主语＋助动词（ do/ does ）＋ not ＋ feel/ smell/ look…… ＋表语。例如：
She is a good girl. → She is not a good girl.
You look happy. → You don’t look happy.
It smells bad. → It doesn’t smell bad.
（二）一般疑问句形式：
1. Be （ Is / Am/ Are ）＋主语＋表语？
2. 助动词（ Do/ Does ）＋主语＋动词原形＋表语？例如：
This girl is in Row One. → Is this girl in Row One？
She feels terrible. → Does she feel terrible？
We look excited. → Do you look excited？
Exercise：
请大家按句子后面括号内的要求改写句子：
1. Lily is American. （改为一般疑问句）
2. I am from Sichuan. （改为否定句）
3. He looks puzzled. （改为一般疑问句）
4. They feel very excited. （改为否定句）
5. I am not feeling well. （改为肯定句）
6. The news sounds very bad. （改为一般疑问句）
7. We are all here. （改为一般疑问句）
8. The food tastes delicious. （改为一般疑问句）
9. Its name is Mimi. （改为否定句）
10. I feel well. （改为否定句）
Key：
1. Is Lily American？
2. I am not from Sichuan.
3. Does he look puzzled？
4. They don’t feel excited.
5. I am feeling well.
6. Does the news sound very bad？
7. Are you all here？
8. Does the food taste delicious？
9. Its name is not Mimi.
10. I don’t feel well.