Chapter 2 Virtual Instrumentp
2.1
2.2
2.3 2.3
2.4
2.5 虚拟仪器概念虚拟仪器的组成虚拟仪器的体系结构虚拟仪器的特点典型的虚拟仪器系统
Definition
虚拟仪器主要是以计算机为核心,通过最大限度地利用计算机系统的软件和硬件资源,使计算机在仪器中不但能象在传统程控化仪器中那样完成过程控制、数据运算和处理工作,而且可以用强有力的软件去代替传统仪器的某些硬件功能,直接产生出激励信号或实现所需要的各项测试功能。
SoftwareSoftware is the instrumentistheinstrument
2.2 Architecture of VIcecueo
Input
SiSignal conditioning and conversion of an incoming lditiidifiianalog waveform to digital format for processing.Output
Conversion of digital data to an analog waveform alongwithnecessarysignalconditioningalong with necessary signal conditioning.Data Processing
AmicroprocessororDSP(Digital Signal ProcessingA microprocessor or DSP (DigitalSignalProcessing)
Example of VIsapeos
9.99
A/DDSPVoltmeterSpectrum Analyzer
Digital Oscilloscopegp
ARB
DSPD/AFunction Generator
Pulse Generator
虚拟仪器组成上的特点软件和硬件功能的分层仪器功能的软件化
虚拟仪器的功能可以借助计算机软件来生成
虚拟仪器组成上的特点软件和硬件功能的模块化仪器功能的软件化
虚拟仪器的功能可以借助计算机软件来生成
虚拟仪器的层次化结构
VI
VIVIVI
Instrument Instrument
Driver
Instrument
HdHardwareVIVIVIInstrumentInstrument DriverInstrument HdHardware
虚拟仪器组成上的特点软件和硬件功能的模块化软件和硬件功能的分层虚拟仪器的功能可以借助计算机软件来生成
虚拟仪器组成上的特点软件和硬件功能的模块化软件和硬件功能的分层仪器功能的软件化
Summaryuay
虚拟仪器是这样的一种仪器系统:在用户需要某种测试功能时,可由用户自己通过计算机平台利用图形软件对测量模块进行分层组合,以生成所需要的测试功能。
2.3 Construction of VI2.3 3CoConstruction of VIsucoo
Processor
Computer
HardwareMemory
Application SoftwareDevelopment
Environment
UserInterface
InstrumentDriver
Display
User
Typical VI Systems
ypcayses
常用虚拟仪器板卡
DAQ
IMAQMotion Control
FiField Point
ldPi
2.3 Construction of VI2.3 3CoConstruction of VIsucoo
Instrument Hardware
Processor
Computer
HardwareMemory
Application SoftwareUserInterface
InstrumentDriver
Display
User
Development Environment
eeopeoe
Laboratory Virtual Instrument
Engineering Bench
Graphical ProgrammingGapcaogag
Standard ANSI C
Language
LabVIEW
a
LabWindows/CVIados/C
AgilentVEE(Visual Engineering EnvironmentAgilent VEEVisualEngineeringEnvironment)
2.3 Construction of VI2.3 3CoConstruction of VIsucoo
Instrument Hardware
Processor
Computer
HardwareMemory
Application SoftwareDevelopment
Environment
InstrumentDriver
Display
User
用LabVIEW开发的温度测量仪的前面板图
温度测量仪的Diagram aga连线图
2.3 Construction of VI2.3 3CoConstruction of VIsucoo
Instrument Hardware
Processor
Computer
HardwareMemory
Application SoftwareDevelopment
Environment
UserInterface
Display
User
Instrument Driversuee
An instrument driver is a software module that handleshandles the details of controlling and thedetailsofcontrollingandcommunicating with a specific instrument.
A set of software routines
CControlling a programmable instrumenttlliblittWritten in LabVIEW or LabWindows/CVIProvided by application software suppliers
2.4 Performance Advantageseoacedaages
Better accuracy and repeatabilityMMeasurement speedtd
Simplified switching and cablingpggShortened system integration timeUser-defined measurement functionsFutureexpansionFuture expansion
Comparison with Traditional InstrumentComparisonwithTraditionalInstrument
虚拟仪器
开发和维护费用低
技术更新周期短(0.5~1年)软件是关键
价格低,可重复用和重配置开放、灵活,与计算机技术同步发展
可用网络与其他周边设备互联自动智能化远距离传输自动、智能化、远距离传输
传统仪器
开发和维护费用高
技术更新周期长(5~10年)硬件是关键价格昂贵封闭、固定只可连有限的设备功能单功能单一,操作不便操作不便
虚拟仪器的优越性
融合了计算机强大的硬件功能利用了计算机丰富的软件资源利用计算机总线和仪器总线
利用计算机网络技术和工业标准总线开放式标准体系
Example of a VI (apeoa(Ⅰ)
ExampleofaVI(Ⅱ)Example of a VI (
Front PanelBlock Diagram
Example of a VI (apeoa(Ⅲ)
虚拟仪器技术的主要应用领域
测试和测量
通讯
–AT&T, Alcatel, Ericsson
计算机
–IBM, Apple, DellIBM,Apple,Dell
半导体
–Motorola, TI, Thomson-
CSF
汽车
–Ford, Chrysler, Nissan,
Toyota
电子
–Sony, SiemensSony,Siemens工业自动化石油化工–Shell, Mobil ResearchShllMbilRh纺织–Instron, Dupont, Eli Lilly, pyAlbany International制造–Ericcson, DuracellEriccsonDuracell食品加工–Sara Lee, Ben & Jerry, ShiShiner医药–Johnson & Johnson,
Proctor & Gamble
2.5 Typical VI Systems2.5 5Typical VI SystemsypcaysesDataData Acquisition SystemAcquisitionSystem
ISA, PCI, USB, IEEE1394
RS232 system
GPIBGPIB systemsystem
VXIbus system
PXIbus system
LXI SystemLXISt
Field Bus Systemy
Typical VI Systems
ypcayses
虚拟仪器发展历程
第一阶段:利用计算机增强传统仪器的功能利用GPIB总线和RSRS-232232总线控制仪器台式仪器一是出现了插卡式仪器;插卡式仪
二是VXI/PXI仪器总线标准的确立
几个虚拟仪器平台已经得到认可,并逐渐成为虚拟仪器行业的标准工具第二阶段:开放式的仪器结构第三阶段:虚拟仪器框架得到广泛认同和采用
DAQ SystemQyse
Fundamental task of a DAQ system is to measure or generate real-world physical signals
DAQ system consists of:
•Transducersd
•Signal Conditioning
•Plug-in DAQ device
•Driver
•Software
VXIbus Systemusyse
VXI机箱和模块VXI:VME总线在仪器领域的扩展VXI: VME
PXIbusussyssysteme
PXI机箱和模块
PXI: PCI总线在仪器领域的扩展
LXIbus
SytemLXIbus Sytem
Field Bus Systemedusyse
术语缩写VIGPIBVXIPXILXI
SCPI
VPPVISAIVI
DAQGUIIDEAPIVirtual Instrument 虚拟仪器General Purpose Interface Bus 通用接口总线(1972)VME eXtensions for Instrumentation VME在仪器的扩展(1987)PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation PCI在仪器的扩展(1997)LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation 网络在仪器的扩展(2005)Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments程控仪器标准命令(1990)VXI Plug&Play VXI即插即用(1993)Virtual itlInstrument ttSoftware ftArchitecture hitt虚拟仪器软件结构(1993)Interchangeable Virtual Instruments 可互换虚拟仪器(1998)Data ataAcquisition uisition数据采集Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面Integrated Development Environment 集成开发环境Application pplicationProgramming rogrammingInterface应用编程接口
Chapter 2 Virtual Instrumentp
2.1
2.2
2.3 2.3
2.4
2.5 虚拟仪器概念虚拟仪器的组成虚拟仪器的体系结构虚拟仪器的特点典型的虚拟仪器系统
Definition
虚拟仪器主要是以计算机为核心,通过最大限度地利用计算机系统的软件和硬件资源,使计算机在仪器中不但能象在传统程控化仪器中那样完成过程控制、数据运算和处理工作,而且可以用强有力的软件去代替传统仪器的某些硬件功能,直接产生出激励信号或实现所需要的各项测试功能。
SoftwareSoftware is the instrumentistheinstrument
2.2 Architecture of VIcecueo
Input
SiSignal conditioning and conversion of an incoming lditiidifiianalog waveform to digital format for processing.Output
Conversion of digital data to an analog waveform alongwithnecessarysignalconditioningalong with necessary signal conditioning.Data Processing
AmicroprocessororDSP(Digital Signal ProcessingA microprocessor or DSP (DigitalSignalProcessing)
Example of VIsapeos
9.99
A/DDSPVoltmeterSpectrum Analyzer
Digital Oscilloscopegp
ARB
DSPD/AFunction Generator
Pulse Generator
虚拟仪器组成上的特点软件和硬件功能的分层仪器功能的软件化
虚拟仪器的功能可以借助计算机软件来生成
虚拟仪器组成上的特点软件和硬件功能的模块化仪器功能的软件化
虚拟仪器的功能可以借助计算机软件来生成
虚拟仪器的层次化结构
VI
VIVIVI
Instrument Instrument
Driver
Instrument
HdHardwareVIVIVIInstrumentInstrument DriverInstrument HdHardware
虚拟仪器组成上的特点软件和硬件功能的模块化软件和硬件功能的分层虚拟仪器的功能可以借助计算机软件来生成
虚拟仪器组成上的特点软件和硬件功能的模块化软件和硬件功能的分层仪器功能的软件化
Summaryuay
虚拟仪器是这样的一种仪器系统:在用户需要某种测试功能时,可由用户自己通过计算机平台利用图形软件对测量模块进行分层组合,以生成所需要的测试功能。
2.3 Construction of VI2.3 3CoConstruction of VIsucoo
Processor
Computer
HardwareMemory
Application SoftwareDevelopment
Environment
UserInterface
InstrumentDriver
Display
User
Typical VI Systems
ypcayses
常用虚拟仪器板卡
DAQ
IMAQMotion Control
FiField Point
ldPi
2.3 Construction of VI2.3 3CoConstruction of VIsucoo
Instrument Hardware
Processor
Computer
HardwareMemory
Application SoftwareUserInterface
InstrumentDriver
Display
User
Development Environment
eeopeoe
Laboratory Virtual Instrument
Engineering Bench
Graphical ProgrammingGapcaogag
Standard ANSI C
Language
LabVIEW
a
LabWindows/CVIados/C
AgilentVEE(Visual Engineering EnvironmentAgilent VEEVisualEngineeringEnvironment)
2.3 Construction of VI2.3 3CoConstruction of VIsucoo
Instrument Hardware
Processor
Computer
HardwareMemory
Application SoftwareDevelopment
Environment
InstrumentDriver
Display
User
用LabVIEW开发的温度测量仪的前面板图
温度测量仪的Diagram aga连线图
2.3 Construction of VI2.3 3CoConstruction of VIsucoo
Instrument Hardware
Processor
Computer
HardwareMemory
Application SoftwareDevelopment
Environment
UserInterface
Display
User
Instrument Driversuee
An instrument driver is a software module that handleshandles the details of controlling and thedetailsofcontrollingandcommunicating with a specific instrument.
A set of software routines
CControlling a programmable instrumenttlliblittWritten in LabVIEW or LabWindows/CVIProvided by application software suppliers
2.4 Performance Advantageseoacedaages
Better accuracy and repeatabilityMMeasurement speedtd
Simplified switching and cablingpggShortened system integration timeUser-defined measurement functionsFutureexpansionFuture expansion
Comparison with Traditional InstrumentComparisonwithTraditionalInstrument
虚拟仪器
开发和维护费用低
技术更新周期短(0.5~1年)软件是关键
价格低,可重复用和重配置开放、灵活,与计算机技术同步发展
可用网络与其他周边设备互联自动智能化远距离传输自动、智能化、远距离传输
传统仪器
开发和维护费用高
技术更新周期长(5~10年)硬件是关键价格昂贵封闭、固定只可连有限的设备功能单功能单一,操作不便操作不便
虚拟仪器的优越性
融合了计算机强大的硬件功能利用了计算机丰富的软件资源利用计算机总线和仪器总线
利用计算机网络技术和工业标准总线开放式标准体系
Example of a VI (apeoa(Ⅰ)
ExampleofaVI(Ⅱ)Example of a VI (
Front PanelBlock Diagram
Example of a VI (apeoa(Ⅲ)
虚拟仪器技术的主要应用领域
测试和测量
通讯
–AT&T, Alcatel, Ericsson
计算机
–IBM, Apple, DellIBM,Apple,Dell
半导体
–Motorola, TI, Thomson-
CSF
汽车
–Ford, Chrysler, Nissan,
Toyota
电子
–Sony, SiemensSony,Siemens工业自动化石油化工–Shell, Mobil ResearchShllMbilRh纺织–Instron, Dupont, Eli Lilly, pyAlbany International制造–Ericcson, DuracellEriccsonDuracell食品加工–Sara Lee, Ben & Jerry, ShiShiner医药–Johnson & Johnson,
Proctor & Gamble
2.5 Typical VI Systems2.5 5Typical VI SystemsypcaysesDataData Acquisition SystemAcquisitionSystem
ISA, PCI, USB, IEEE1394
RS232 system
GPIBGPIB systemsystem
VXIbus system
PXIbus system
LXI SystemLXISt
Field Bus Systemy
Typical VI Systems
ypcayses
虚拟仪器发展历程
第一阶段:利用计算机增强传统仪器的功能利用GPIB总线和RSRS-232232总线控制仪器台式仪器一是出现了插卡式仪器;插卡式仪
二是VXI/PXI仪器总线标准的确立
几个虚拟仪器平台已经得到认可,并逐渐成为虚拟仪器行业的标准工具第二阶段:开放式的仪器结构第三阶段:虚拟仪器框架得到广泛认同和采用
DAQ SystemQyse
Fundamental task of a DAQ system is to measure or generate real-world physical signals
DAQ system consists of:
•Transducersd
•Signal Conditioning
•Plug-in DAQ device
•Driver
•Software
VXIbus Systemusyse
VXI机箱和模块VXI:VME总线在仪器领域的扩展VXI: VME
PXIbusussyssysteme
PXI机箱和模块
PXI: PCI总线在仪器领域的扩展
LXIbus
SytemLXIbus Sytem
Field Bus Systemedusyse
术语缩写VIGPIBVXIPXILXI
SCPI
VPPVISAIVI
DAQGUIIDEAPIVirtual Instrument 虚拟仪器General Purpose Interface Bus 通用接口总线(1972)VME eXtensions for Instrumentation VME在仪器的扩展(1987)PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation PCI在仪器的扩展(1997)LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation 网络在仪器的扩展(2005)Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments程控仪器标准命令(1990)VXI Plug&Play VXI即插即用(1993)Virtual itlInstrument ttSoftware ftArchitecture hitt虚拟仪器软件结构(1993)Interchangeable Virtual Instruments 可互换虚拟仪器(1998)Data ataAcquisition uisition数据采集Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面Integrated Development Environment 集成开发环境Application pplicationProgramming rogrammingInterface应用编程接口