小学英语语法概括(句型)

小学主要句型汇总

I 询问姓名、年龄：name ，How old 1. ----s your name? ----你叫什么名字？ ----我叫……。 2. ---- ----他的名字是什么？ ----他的名字是麦克。 3. ---- ----她的名字是什么？她的名字是陈婕。 4. ----are you? ----你几岁了？ ----我十二岁。 5. --------他/她几岁了？ ----他/她23岁。 II 询问颜色： colour 1. ---- is it? ----它是什么颜色的？ ---- ----黄白相间。 2. ---- are they? ----它们是什么颜色的？ ---- ----绿色的。 III 询问时间或日期：When 1. --------现在几点钟？ ----九点。该上英语课了。 (----It‟s eight o‟clock. It‟s time to go to bed.) （----八点。该上床睡觉了。） 2. --------今天星期几？ --------星期一。 --------我们星期一上哪些课？ ---- ----语文、英语、数学…… 3. ---- is your birthday? ----你的生日是什么时候？ ---- Day. ----十月一日. 国庆节。 4. ---- do you do morning exercises? ----你们什么时候做早锻炼？我们通常8：30做早锻炼。 IV 询问方位或地方：Where 1. --------我的玩具汽车在哪儿？ ---- ----在这儿. 在椅子下面。 2. --------餐厅在哪儿？ ---- ----在一楼。 3. --------钥匙在哪儿？ ---- ----在门上。 4. ----Excuse me. is the library, please? ----对不起. 请问图书馆在哪儿？ ---- ----在邮局附近。 5. --------你从哪儿来？ China. ----我从中国来。 6. --------雨是从哪儿来的？ ----它是从云层里来的。 V How many ， How much 1. ---- kites can you see? ----你可以看见几只风筝？ ----我可以看见十二只风筝。 2. ---- crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩笔？ ----我有十六支。 3. --------你家有几口人？ ----三人。 4. ---- is this dress? ----这条连衣裙多少钱？ ----It‟s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元。 5. ---- are these apples? ----这些苹果多少钱？ -----five yuan. ----三十五元。 XVI “How”问句：How tall, How heavy, How long 1. ----How tall are you? ----你有多高？ ----I‟m 160 cm tall. I‟m taller than you. ----我有160公分。我比你高。 2. ----How heavy are you? ----你有多重？ ----I‟m 48 kg. You‟re heavier than me. ----我有48公斤。你比我重。 3. ----How do you go to school? ----你怎么上学？ ----Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike. ---我通常步行上学。有时候骑自行车。

4. ----How can I get to Zhongshan Park? ----我怎么到中山公园去？ ----You can go by the No. 15 bus. ----你可以乘坐15路公汽。

(----Go straight for five minutes. Then turn left. It‟s on the left.) ----直走五分钟。然后左转。公园就在左边。

5. How long 有多长？ VIII 询问身体状况或情绪：feel, matter 1. ----How do you feel? ----你感觉如何？ ----I feel sick. ----我觉得不舒服。 ----How does Chen Jie feel? ----陈洁感觉如何？ ----She‟s tired. ----她很疲倦。 2. ----What‟s the matter? ----怎么了？ ----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. ----我的喉咙疼。 3. ----How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. ----你好吗. 莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。 ----I failed the math test. ----我的数学考试没有通过。 VI 询问想吃的东西：would like 1. ----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? ----你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？

----I‟d like some bread and milk / rice and soup. ----我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。 2. ----What‟s for breakfast / lunch / dinner? ----早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？ ----Hamburgers and orange juice. ----汉堡包和橙汁。 VII 询问天气状况：weather 1. ----What‟s the weather like in Beijing? ----北京的天气如何？ ----It‟s rainy today. How about New York? ----今天是雨天。纽约呢？ ----It‟s sunny and hot. ----今天是晴天. 天气很热。 IX 询问职业、身份或人物：Who , What 1. ----What‟s your father / mother? ----你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的？ ----He‟s a doctor. / She‟s a teacher. ----他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。 2. ----What does you mother / father do? ----你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的？ ----She‟s a TV reporter. / He‟s a teacher. He teaches English. ----她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。 3. ----Who‟s that man / woman? ----那位男士 / 女士是谁？ ----He‟s my father. / She‟s my mother. ----他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。 4, ----Who‟s this boy / girl? ----那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁？ ----He‟s my brother. / She‟s my sister. ----他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。 5. ----Who‟s your art teacher? ----你们的美术老师是谁？ ----Miss Wang. ----王老师。 ----What‟s she like? ----她长什么样儿？ ----Sh e‟s young and thin. ----她很年轻、苗条。 X 询问兴趣、喜好：favourite 1. ----What‟s your favourite food / drink? ----你最喜欢的食物 / 饮料是什么？ ----Fish / orange juice. ----鱼。 / 橙汁。 2. ----What‟s your favourite season? ----你最喜欢的季节是什么？ ----Winter. ----冬天。 (----Which season do you like best? （----你最喜欢哪个季节？ ----Winter.) ----冬天。） ----Why do you like winter? ----你为什么喜欢冬天？ ----Because I can make a snowman. ----因为可以堆雪人。 3. ----What‟s your hobby? ----你的爱好是什么？ ----I like collecting stamps. ----我喜欢集邮。 ----What‟s his hobby? ----他的爱好是什么？ ----He likes riding a bike. ----他喜欢骑自行车。 4. ----Do you like peaches? ----你喜欢吃桃子吗？ ----Yes, I do. / No, I don‟t. ----喜欢。/ 不喜欢。 XI 询问平时一般做的事情：What 1. ----What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? ----你星期六 / 周末一般做什么？

----I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. ----我通常做作业. 有时候踢足球。

XII 询问正在做的事情：What + -ing 1. ----What are you doing? ----你在做什么？ ----I‟m doing the dishes. ----我在洗盘子。 2. ----What‟s your father doing? ----你父亲正在做什么？ ----He‟s writing an e-mail. ----他正在写电子邮件。

3. ----What‟s the tiger doing? ----那只老虎在干什么？ ----It‟s running. ----它在奔跑。 4. ----What are the elephants doing? ----那些大象在干什么？ ----They‟re drinking. ----它们正在喝水。 XIII 询问将要做的事情：What/Where/When + going 1. ----What are you going to do? ----你准备做什么？ ----I‟m going to the cinema. ----我准备去看电影。 ----When are you going to do? ----你准备什么时候去？ ----This afternoon. ----今天下午。 2. ----where are you going this afternoon? ----今天下午你准备到哪儿去？ ----I‟m going to the bookstore. ----我准备到书店去。 ----What are you going to buy? ----你打算买点儿什么？ ----I‟m going to buy a comic book. ----我准备买本漫画书。 XIV 询问曾经做的事情： 1. ----Where did you go last weekend / yesterday / on your holiday? ----你上周末/昨天/假期到哪儿去了？ ----I went to Wuhan. ----我去了武汉。 2. ----How did you go there? ----你怎么去的？ ----I went by train. ----我坐火车去的。 3. ----What did you do there? ----你在那儿做了些什么？ ----I went shopping. ----我去购物了。 XV 一般疑问句： 1. ----Is this your bedroom? ----这是你的卧室吗？ ----Yes, it is. ----是的。 ----Is your sister in the living room? ----你姐姐在客厅吗？ ----No, she isn‟t. / Yes, she is. ----不在。/ 在。 2. ----Is this your skirt? ----这是你的短裙吗？ ----Yes, it is. / No, it isn‟t. ----是的。/ 不是。 3. ----Is your English teacher young? ----你的英语老师年轻吗？ ----Yes, she is. / No, she isn‟t. ----是的。/不. 她不年轻。 4. ----Are these / those / they cucumbers? ----这些 / 那些是黄瓜吗？ ----Yes, they are. / No, they aren‟t. ----是的。/ 不是的。 5. ----Is there a river in the park? ----公园里有一条小河吗？ ----Yes, there is. / No, there isn‟t. ----有。/ 没有。 ----Are there any bridges in your village? ----你们村子里有桥吗？ ----Yes, there are. / No, there aren‟t. ----有。/ 没有。 6. ----Can I wear my new shirt today? ----我今天可以穿新衬衫吗？ ----Yes, you can. / No, you can‟t. ----可以。/ 不可以。 7. ----Can you wash your clothes? ----你会洗衣服吗？ ----Yes, I can. / No, I can‟t. ----会。/ 不会。 8. ----Does your pen pal live in Shanghai? ----你的笔友住在上海吗？ ----No, he doesn‟t. He lives in Beijing. ----不. 他住在北京。 9. ----Does she teach English? ----她教英语吗？ ----No, she doesn‟t. She teaches math. ----不. 她教数学。 10. ----Did you read books yesterday? ----你昨天读书了吗？ ----Yes, I did. / No, I didn‟t. ----读了。/ 没读。 XVII 其他： 1. ----What‟s in the classroom? ----教室里有什么？ ----A board, six lights, three fans, many desks and chairs. ----一块黑板、六盏灯. 三把电扇和许多桌椅。 2. What about you? / How about you? ----你呢？ 3. I like the white sweater with the green skirt. ----我喜欢这件白毛衣配这条绿短裙。 4. ----Whose is it? ---它是谁的？ ----It‟s mine / yours / his / hers. ----是我的。/ 你的。/ 他的。/ 她的。 5. ----What can you do? ----你会做什么？ ----I‟m helpful. I can sweep the floor and do the dishes. ----我很能干。我会扫地、洗盘子。

6. ----What‟s your bedroom like? ----你的卧室是什么样儿的？ ----There is a big closet and a new mirror. There are blue curtains. ----卧室里有一个大衣橱和一面新镜子。还有蓝色的窗帘。谈论时间：

What time is it? 几点钟？

--It‟s two o‟clock. 两点钟。 --It‟s 9:45. It‟s time for math class. 九点四十五。是上数学课的时间了。 What day is it today? 今天星期几？ --It‟s Wednesday. 星期三。 When do you eat dinner? 你几点吃晚餐？

--I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 我晚上7点钟吃晚餐。 When do you get up? 你几点起床？ --I usually get up at 12:00 noon. 我一般中午12点钟起床。 When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？ --It‟s in May. 在五月。 --My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。 --Uncle Bill‟s birthday is in June, too. 比尔叔叔的生日也在六月。 What‟s the date? 几月几日？ --June 9th. 六月九日。谈论颜色：

What colour is it? 什么颜色？

--It‟s white. 白色。谈论地点：

Where are you going this afternoon? 下午你打算去哪？

-- I‟m going to the bookstore. 我打算去书店。 Where did you go on your holiday? 假期你去了哪？ --I went to Xinjiang. 我去了新疆。 Where does she work? 她在哪工作？

--She works in a hospital. 她在医院工作。 Where does the rain come from? 雨从哪来？

--It comes from the clouds. 它从云里来。 Where is the cinema, please? 请问电影院在哪？

-- It‟s next to the hospital. 在医院旁边。 --T urn left at the cinema, then go straight. It‟s on the left. 在电影院那左转，然后直走。它在你的左边。

There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 那有两个卧室，一个厨房，一个卫生间和一个客厅。

There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. 那有一面镜子，一张床和一个大衣柜。 The closet is near the table. 衣柜在桌子的附近。 Many clothes are in the closet. 很多的衣服在衣柜里。 The trash bin is behind the door. 垃圾桶在门后。谈论价格：

How much is it? 这个多少钱？

--It‟s ten yuan. 十元。 How much are they? 它们多少钱？ --They‟re three yuan. 它们三元。

谈论数量：

How many horses are there? Twelve. 那有多少匹马？十二匹。

谈论人物：

Who‟s your English teacher? 你的英语老师是谁？

--Mr Carter. 卡特先生。 What‟s he like? 他长什么样？

--He‟s tall and strong. 他又高又强壮。How old are you? 你几岁？谈论喜好：

What‟s your favourite fruit? 你最喜欢的水果是什么？

-- I like apples. They‟re sweet. 我喜欢苹果。它们很甜。 --I like fruit. But I don‟t like grapes. They‟re sour. 我喜欢水果。但我不喜欢葡萄。它们很酸。

Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？ --I like winter best. 我最喜欢冬天。 --Summer is good, but fall is my favourite season. 夏天很好，但秋天是我最喜欢的季节。

Why do you like summer? 你为什么喜欢夏天？ --Because I can swim in the lake. 因为我可以在湖里游泳。 Why do you like winter? 你为什么喜欢冬天？ --Because I can sleep a long time. 因为我可以睡很长的时间。 What‟s your hobby? 你的爱好是什么？

--I like collecting stamps. 我喜欢收集邮票。

-- He likes collecting stamps, too. 他也喜欢收集邮票。谈论事情：

This is my computer. 这是我的电脑。

That is your computer. 那是你的电脑。 Let‟s play football. 让我们踢足球吧。 This is Zhang Peng. 这是张鹏。 What did you do last weekend? 你上个周末做了什么？ --I played football. 我踢了足球。

What are you going to buy? 你打算去买什么？ --I am going to buy a comic book. 我打算去买一本漫画书。

What are you going to do on the weekend? 周末你打算去做什么？ --I‟m going to visit my grandparents this weekend. 这个周末我打算去拜访我的祖父母。

What are they doing? 他们在做什么？ --They‟re swimming. 他们在游泳。 --They are climbing trees. 他们在爬树。 What is it doing? 它在做什么？ --It‟s eating bananas.它正在吃香蕉。 What is she doing? 她在做什么？ --She‟s jumping.她在跳。 What are you doing? 你正在做什么？ --I‟m doing the dishes. 我正在洗碗。 --I‟m reading a book. 我正在读书。 Grandpa is writing a letter. 爷爷正在写信。 Brother is doing homework. 兄弟正在做作业。 Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈正厨房里烧饭。 He‟s writing an e-mail in the study. 他正在书房里写一封电子邮件。 What do you do on the weekend? 你周末做什么？ --Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 一般我看电视和去购物。 --Sometimes I visit my grandparents. 有时候我去拜访我的祖父母。 --I often play football. 我经常去踢足球。 --Sometimes I go hiking. 有时候我去远足。 What do you have on Thursdays? 星期四你们有什么课？

--We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 星期四我们有英语，数学和科学课。

What do you do on Saturdays? 星期六你做什么？ --I watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我看电视。 What about you? 你呢？ --I do my homework, too. 我也做我的庭作业。 What do you have for lunch on Mondays? 星期一你中餐吃什么？ --We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 我们吃西红柿，豆腐和鱼。 What can you do? 你能做什么？ --I can sweep the floor. 我会扫地。 --I can cook the meals. 我会做饭。 --I can water the flowers. 我会浇花。谈论方式：

How do you go to school, Sarah? 萨拉，你怎么去学校？

--Usually I go to school on foot. 一般我走路去学校。 --Sometimes I go by bike. 有时候我骑自行车。 How can I get to Zhongshan Park? 我怎么去中山公园？ --You can go by the No. 15 bus. 你可以坐15路公共汽车。 How did you go there? 你怎么去那？ --I went by train. 我坐火车去。 How do you do that? 你怎么做那件事？ First, I …. Then I ….首先，我……然后我…… What should you do then? 然后你怎么做？ How does she go to work? 她怎么去工作？

--She goes to work by bus. 她坐公共汽车去工作。谈论心情，身体状况：

How are you, Liu Yun? 刘云，你怎么样？

You look so happy. 你看起来很开心。 How are you, Sarah? 萨拉，你怎么样？

You look sad today. 今天你看起来很伤心。 What‟s the matter? 怎么了？

--My throat is sore. My nose hurts. 我的喉咙痛。我的鼻子痛。谈论体重、身高：

How heavy are you? 你多少重？

--I‟m 48 kg. 我48公斤。 --I‟m thinner than you, and shorter. 我比你瘦和矮。 How tall are you? 你多高？ --I‟m 164 cm tall. 我164厘米高。 You‟re shorter than me. 你比我矮。 You‟re 4 cm taller than me. 你比我高四厘米。谈论职业：

What does your mother do? 你妈妈做什么的？

--She is a TV reporter. 她是一个电视台记者。谈论天气：

It‟s warm today. 今天很暖和。

It‟s cool. 今天很凉爽。小学英语全部句型

问候

Hi ！ Hello ！ Good morning/afternoon/evening! A ：How are you? B: Fine,thank you./Very well,thank you. 介绍

My name is ____. / I am a student. / I‟m from Canada. /This is ______. Hello! / How are you? / Nice to meet you! / 告别

Good-bye! /Bye! /Bye-bye! Good night! See you later /tomorrow! 感谢

Thank you （very much ） / Thanks a lot. That‟s OK. / That‟s All right. / You are welcome. / Not at all. 道歉

Sorry. / I am sorry. That‟s OK. / It‟s a ll right. 邀请

Would you like to go for a walk? / Will you come to my birthday party ？ Sure. / No, thanks. 请求允许

May I go on a trip to Beijing? Yes, you may. / No, you may not. / Sure. / Certainly. Can I use your pencil? Of course ,you can. 祝愿与祝贺

Have a lovely day! / Good luck! / Happy New Year! / Merry Christmas! You, too. / The same to you. Happy birthday! Thank you. 约会

A ：Would you like to play with me this afternoon? B: Yes. When? A ：At 12:00. B: See you then. 打电话

Hello! May I speak to Mr. Wood? Yes ,just a moment, please.

Hello! Is Kim there? No /Sorry, can I take a message. 就医

What‟s the matter? I hurt my finger. I have a headache /stomachache. 就餐

Would you like something to eat / drink? Yes. I would like rice and chicken. What would you like? I would like some tea. Would you like some more dumplings? Yes, please. / No, thanks / thank you. May I have some more soup? It‟s delicious. Sure / OK. 购物

A ：Can/May/I help you? B: Yes. I want to buy a dress, please. A ：Here you are. B: May I try it on? A ：Ok/Sure. B: It‟s too big/small. A ：This one is just right. B: How much is it/ are they? A ：One hundred yuan /dollars. B: It‟s too expensive. /It‟s very cheap. But I like it. I‟ll t ake it. 问路

A ：Excuse me. Do you know where is the________? B: Yes. Go straight down the street. Turn left turn right. 提供帮助

A: Can I help you? /May I help you? B: Yes, please. / No, thanks. 询问对方姓名

What‟s your name? My name is ____. What‟s his/ her name? His /her name is ___. Who are you? I‟m _____. 询问它在哪

Where is the book? It is on the desk. Where is Jenny? She is behind Danny. 询问它是什么

What is it? It is a marker. 询问颜色

W hat colour is the sweater? The sweater is black. 询问时间

What time is it? It‟s seven. When is Teachers‟ Day? Teachers‟ Day is September tenth. 询问地址和住址

Where are you from? I‟m from Canada. What‟s your address? My address is 111 Park Road. Where do you live? I live in an apartment. 询问日期

What day is today? Today is Monday, June second. What day is tomorrow? Tuesday, June third. What day was yesterday? Sunday, June first. What‟s the date? It‟s October 19. 询问对方正做什么

What are you doing? I‟m sleeping. What is he/ she doing?

He /she is playing. What are they doing? They are learning English. 询问对方已经做过些什么

What did you do? I went to the gym. What did they do? They played basketball. 询问对方将要做什么

What will you do? I will fly a kite. What is he going to do? He is going to teach English. 询问对方最喜欢的事物

What‟s your favourite colour /food / fruit /shape/ season? My favourite colour is white. 询问对方经常做些什么？

What do you do in winter? Sometimes I make snowballs and throw them. 询问数量

How many pencils do you have? I have 10 pencils. How many kites can you see? I can see 20 kites. How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week. 询问价钱

How much is the scarf? Twenty . How much are the runners? The runners are thirty dollars. 谈论天气气温

A ：How‟s the weather today? B: It‟s sunny/cloudy/windy/snowy. A ：What‟s the temperature? B: It‟s _______degrees. 询问年龄

How old are you? I‟m fourteen years old. How old is she/ he? He/ She is twenty . 询问身高

How tall are you? I‟m 1.6 metres tall. How tall is she/ he? She/ he is 1.7 metres tall. 询问事情发生的频率

How often do you play basketball? About once a week. How often does my mother clean my bedroom? Twice a day. 询问事情发生的长短

How long do you watch TV a week? About two hours. How long does he go to school a day ? Eight hours. 询问距离的长短

How far from here to Beijing? It‟s one hundred kiliometres. 询问对方感觉怎么样

How do you feel? I feel sad. 询问对方是谁, 问谁在做些什么？

Who is this?

This is a man. Who is talking? Danny is talking. Who is hungry? I‟m thirsty. 询问这件东西是谁的

Whose jacket is this? This is my jacket /mine. 询问为什么

I like to eat vegetables. Why? Because it‟s good for you. Do you ____? Does ____（三单）____? Did you ___? Are you ready to _____? Are these/ those____? Is this/ that _____? May I _____? Can I/ you _____? I am _____. You /We are ____. He /She is ____ There is ____. These are _____. I like ____ I like to _____. This/ That is ___. These/Those are ____. I have ____. He /She has ____. Let‟s

小学英语常用句型变换

根据几年来的教学工作，写几条规律性的总结，仅供大家参考。

（一）变否定句

１、如果句中有动词be ，在be 动词后直接加not 或分别写成它的缩写形式。 Eg: I am not a student. she isn't in the room .

２、如果句中有can, 把can 换成can't 或写成cannot.

Eg: I can't speak English .

３、如果句中有have/has（当“有”讲），直接加not 或写成它的缩写形式haven't/hasn't。 Eg: I haven't a book.

４、如果是不含以上情况的一般现在时句子，主语是第三人称单数，在动词前加doesn't, 主语是其他人称在动词前加don't 。

Eg: I don't like English. She doesn't play on Sundays.

５、如果是一般过去时句子，要借助于didn't 来完成。

Eg: I went to the park yesterday.-----I didn't go to the park yesterday.

６、如果句中有could,would,should, 直接加not 或写成它的缩写形式。

Eg: We shouldn't play football in the street .

（二）变一般疑问句及简略回答

在简略回答时，问谁答谁，用什么问用什么答（例如用be 动词问, 就用be 动词回答, 用did 问, 就用did 回答）。１、如果句中有动词be ，be 动词直接提前，第一人称要变成第二人称。

Eg: I am a student.-----Are you a student? Yes,I am./ No,I am not.

We are workers .----Are you workers ? Yes, we are ./No,we aren't . ２、如果句中有can,have/has（当“有”讲）, 直接提前，第一人称要变成第二人称。 Eg: I have a nice pen.------Have you a nice pen ? Yes,I have./No, I haven't .

３、如果是不含以上情况的一般现在时句子，要借助于do/does.主语是第三人称单数，does 提前，表第三人称单数的动词要恢复原形。主语是其他人称要把do 提前，第一人称要变成第二人称。

Eg: She likes apples.----- Does she like apples ? Yes,she does./No, she doesn't.

They often do their homework in the evening .---Do they often do their homework in the evening ?Yes,they are./No,they aren't . ４、如果是一般过去时句子，要借助于did 来完成。did 提前，但句中表过去式的动词要恢复原形。

Eg: She visited her grandpa last Sunday .----Did she visit her grandpa last Sunday ? Yes,she did./No,she didn't. 1. 名词做主语： My school is not far from my house. 2. 代词做主语: We like our school very much. 3. 基数词做主语: Two and two is four. 4. 名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语: This is an article. 5. 动名词做主语: Seeing is believing. 6. 动词不定式做主语: To do such a job needs more knowledge. 7. 从句做主语: What I mean is to work harder. 主语的补语：它用在系动词后，是句子的一个基本成分。常用主－系－表结构。 1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，在最少的时候，至少我认为是她。（her 做宾语，them 做介词宾语，her 做主语补语）

2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？ -- Me. --我。（me 做主语补语= It's me.） 3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she 做主语补语）约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然, 也可以由一个句子来充当, 称之为宾语从句, 所以一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语.

英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

说明，除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外，某些形容词如worth,careful 等后也可有宾语。

宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为" 双宾语" 。

My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语，computer 是直接宾语)

She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。（名词作宾语） We all like him.（代词作宾语） Give me four.(数词作宾语) We all like to go to school.（不定式to go to school作like 的宾语。school 作to 的宾语） We all like swimming.（动名词作宾语） I think he is right.（宾语从句作宾语） He asked me what I was thinking about at that moment. (me作asked 的宾语，[he asked me] 由what 疑问代词引导的宾语从句作宾语) The book is worth reading.( 形容词worth 可有宾语) 补充现代汉语词典解释：宾语是动词的一种连带成分，一般在动词后边，用来回答“谁？”或“什么？”例如“我找厂长”的“厂长”，“他开拖拉机”的“拖拉机”，“接受批评”的“批评”，“他说他不知道”的“他不知道”。有时候一个动词可以带两个宾语，如“教我们化学”的“我们”和“化学”。

定语定义：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用„……的‟表示。

充当定语的有：主要由形容词担任。此外，名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。

形容词作定语： The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy ；blue 修饰名词pen. ）/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语： His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom 的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 There are two boys of Tom's there./那儿有T om 家的两个男孩。介词短语作定语： The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语： The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语： The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom 。不定式作定语： The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 There is nothing to do today./今天没有事要做。分词（短语）作定语： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。定语从句： The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需

要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。 There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

1）定语前置在英语里, 一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前, 我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：

1限定词 2 外观 3形状 4年龄 5颜色 6国籍 7材料 8用途 A famous American university. An interesting little red French oil painting. A new plastic bucket. A purple velvet curtains An elegant German clock 另外, 有些形容词也有特殊的次序: 1) 描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ; 2) 表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inquisitive brown dog ; 3) little ,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分, 所以可以直接放在名词之前,

例如:a lovely little girl 4) 表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前, 也可放在old young 之后, 例如: a young ambitious man (强调年龄) ,an ambitious young man(强调雄心勃勃) 。当然, 三个以上形容词连用作定语, 就显得累赘, 因此上面所说的情况一般较少出现. 2）定语后置（1）短语作定语一般后置 It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。 He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。 English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。

The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。（2）修饰some ，any ，no ，every 等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置 Let‟s go somewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。 There is nothing important in today's newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。 Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗? （3）副词作定语 The people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。 They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。（4）动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语 He is a person dependable. 他是一个可以依靠的人 This is the only transportation means available. 这是唯一可行的交通工具。（5）起强调用的单个分词 Everybody involved should stay here. The college mentioned. （6）特殊词 Could you tell me something imporpant. 不规则动词过去式

begin began 开始 hear heard 听到 sleep slept 睡觉 blow blew 吹 hurt hurt 碰到、伤害 speak spoke 讲话 buy bought 买 keep kept 保留 spend spent 花费 catch caught 抓住、接住 know knew 知道 stand stood 站立 choose chose 选择 learn learned/learnt学 come came来 leave left 离开 swim swam 游泳 do did 做 let let 让 take took 拿, 取; 握, 抱 draw drew 画 lie lay 躺 teach taught 教 drink drank 喝 make made 做 tell told 告诉 drive drove 开 mean meant 意思 think thought 认为 eat ate 吃 meet met 遇到 write wrote 写 feel felt 感觉 put put 放 find found 发现 read read 读 fly flew 放 ride rode 骑 forget forgot 忘记 get got 获得run ran 跑 give gave 给 say said 说 go went 去 see saw 看见 grow grew 生长 sing sang/sung唱 have/has had 有 sit sat 做