400. As one of the world’s highest paid modes, she had her face insured for five million dollars. 作为世界上收人最高的模特之一，她为自己的脸投了500万美元的保险。
insure 意为“确保; 给……保险”。如:
I want to insure my residence.我要为自己的住宅投保。
high 和tall 都可以表示“高的”，二者的区别在于:
※ high 侧重指高出地面的，也可以形容地位或声音高等，但不能用来形容人。如:
1) The mountain is 3,500 meters high.这座山有3500米高。
2) He likes swimming in high summer. 他喜欢在盛夏游泳。
※ tall 可以指人或物体的高度，修饰物体时可以与high 换用。如:
1) The boy is 150 centimeters tall.这个男孩身高l.5米。
2) Growing along the river are tall palm trees.沿着这条河生长的满是高大的棕榈树。 399. Tamed elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects ，including their tempers. 被驯服的大象在很多方面与野象不同，包括它们的脾气。 include 和exclude 的区别。
※ 动词include 意为“包括”。如:
My job doesn't include making coffee for the boss!为老板煮咖啡不是我分内之事! ※ 动词exclude 与include 的含义相反，意为“把... 排除在外，不包括”。如:
We can„t exclude the possibility that he killed his wife.我们不能排除他杀了他妻子的可能性。
398. This takes somewhat longer, a minimum of about 0.5 seconds.
这花费的时间要稍微长一些，至少约0.5秒。
该句在本质上属于it takes some time to do sth.的结构。副词somewhat 意为“有点，稍微”。minimum 在句中作名词，意为“最小值，最小量”，其反义词则是maximum ，意为“最大值，最大量”二这两者均可作形容词。如:
Today's minimum temperature is 3℃。今天的最低气温是3℃。
What is the maximum amount of your credit card?你的信用卡最大额度是多少?
397. I have no doubt that virtually a lot of these people were taught in school that the earth revolves around the sun; they may even have written it on a test.
我毫不怀疑这些人几乎都在学校学过地球围绕太阳旋转，他们甚至可能在考试中这样写过。 have no doubt that本意为“对... 毫无疑问”，that 引导的是同位语从句。如:
I have no doubt that you will win.我毫不怀疑你会赢。
virtually 意为“事实上，实际上; 儿乎”。如:
He virtually promised them the project.他算是答应把项目交给他们做。
revolve 意为“在轨道上运行”，也可指“旋转”。如:
The wheel revolves round its axis.轮子绕轴旋转。
有关doubt 的短语有:
※ beyond a/any/all doubt意为“无疑地”。如:
She was beyond all doubt the best dancer. 她无疑是最棒的舞者。
※ without doubt意为“无疑地，确实地”。如:
You are without doubt the cleverest student of the class.你无疑是班里最聪明的学生。 ※ in doubt意为“不肯定的，不确定的”。如:
Their acceptance of the offer was still in doubt.他们是否接受那份工作还说不准。
※ no doubt意为“无疑地，很可能”。如:
No doubt she meant to help, but in fact she got in the way.她确实想帮忙，而事实上却帮了倒忙。
396. More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendships ，what they expected of friends ，what they were willing to give in return ，and how satisfied they were with the quality of their friendships. 超过四万读者告诉我们:他们在亲密的友谊之中寻求什么，他们对朋友有何期待，他们愿意回报什么，以及他们对于自己的友谊满意程度如何。
四级词汇讲解:
look for本意为“寻找”，此处意为“盼望，期待”。如:
We shall be looking for an improvement in your work.我们期待你的工作能有所进步。 expect...of... 意为“对…有…期待”。如:
You can expect nothing of him. He is not reliable.你对他不能有任何期待。他并不可靠。 be willing to意为“愿意，乐意”。如:
I'm willing to accept responsibility.我愿意承担责任。
in return意为“回报”。如:
He bought me a drink in return for my help.他请我喝酒来酬谢我对他的帮助。 be satisfied with意为“对……满意”。如:
I'm satisfied with the results.我对结果很满意。
395. Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association(JAMA)launched a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. 受到这种衰退状态的警示，日本汽车制造协会在2006年发起了一项大范围的市场调研。 launch a study为惯用搭配，意为“投入研究”。comprehensive 意为“全面的，广泛的”。如: You need to have a comprehensive knowledge of science.你需要对科学有全面的了解。 launch 的常见用法还有:
※ “(使) 下水，出海”。如:
The new ship was launched today.新船今天下水了。
※ “发射; 投掷”。如:
The space agency will launch the moon rocket this month.航天局将于本月发射月球火箭。
※ “发动; 发起; 使开始从事”。如:
Tom plans to launch a new enterprise in ten years.汤姆计划在10年后创办一个新企业。
※ “出版; 首映; 将…投放市场”。如:
We will hold a big party to haunch our new film.为发布我们的新影片，我们将举办一场大型聚会。
394. But experts say Japan is unique in that sales have been decreasing steadily over time.
但是专家认为，日本的情况较为特殊，因为它的销售量一直都在随着时间的推移而持续下降。
in that意为“由于，因为”。over time意为“随着时间的流逝，久而久之”。如:
Bad habits are developed over time.坏习惯随着时间的积累慢慢养成。
与time 有关的短语还有:
※ against time意为“争分夺秒地，尽快地”。如:
The medical team is racing against time to save the survivors of the plane crash.医 疗人员正争分夺秒地抢救坠机事故中的幸存者。
※ behind time意为“迟了，误时”。如:
The train was one hour behind time.火车晚点一个小时。
※ behind the time(s)意为“陈旧，落后，过时”。如:
Your views on marriage are quite behind the times.你的婚姻观已经相当过时了。 393. Mother tried to say something in English but it came out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it!
母亲试图用英语说点什么，但结果却全说错了，我们都大笑起来，决定忘掉它!
come out此处意为“显示出”。如:
The girl comes out well in the photographs.照片上的女孩很上相。
burst into laughter意为“突然而猛烈地大笑”，其中laughter 可替换为其他名词，表示“突然而猛烈地发出或产生出某事物”。如:
They burst into tears after hearing the bad news.听到坏浦息后他们都突然哭了起来。 短语comp out赶有以下含义:
※ 意为“罢工”。如:
The workers have come out.工人已罢工。
※ 意为“露出，出现”。如:
The sun came out after the rain stopped.雨停后，太阳出来了。
※ 意为“开始长出，开花”。如:
The flowers came out late this year. 今年花开得很晚。
※ 意为“出版，发表”。如:
When is his new novel coming out?他的新小说什么时候出版?
※ 意为“显示”。如:
His good qualities came out in the crisis.在此次危机中，他的优秀品质得以体现。 ※ 意为“说出，讲出”。如:
My statement didn't come out as I had intended.我说的话和我想要表达的意思不尽相同。
※ 意为“得到名次”。如:
He came out first in the contest.他在比赛中得了第一名。
392 . A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds(语声) ，and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.
语言就是通过象征性语声起作用，并为了沟通的目的而被一群人使用的信号系统。 两个which 引导的都是system 的定语从句。operate with意为“借助……运转”。 for the purpose of意为“出于……的目的”。如:
This book is for the purpose of studying the very subject.该书正是为研究此学科而写成的。
有关purpose 的常见短语有:
※ on purpose意为“并非偶然地，故意地”。如:
They seemed to do those things on purpose.他们似乎是有意做那些事的。 ※ serve one's/the purpose意为“适合需要; 令人满意”。如:
The plan will serve your purpose.该计划会令你满意。
※ to little/no/some purpose意为“几乎没有/毫无/有一定成效”。如:
Money has been invested in the scheme to little purpose.资金已投入到该方案之中，却几乎毫无成效。
391 . Though you’ve got to get them to do it, by helping too much，or even examining answers too carefully, you may keep them from doing it by themselves.
尽管你已经让他们去做，但提供过多的帮助，抑或甚至过于仔细地检查答案，你可能反而会阻止他们自己动手。
get sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。如:
You may get him to deliver the letter for you.你可以让他帮你把信送过去。 keep sb. from doing sth.意为“使某人不能做某事”。如:
The bells kept me from sleeping.钟声吵得我睡不着觉。
keep... from...短语还有以下用法:
※ keep ( oneself) from doing sth.意为“克制自己不做某事”。如:
I could hardly keep myself from laughing.我忍不住大笑起来。
※ keep sth. from sb.意为“不将某事告诉某人”。如:
We ought to keep the truth from her. 我们不应该告诉她实情。
400. As one of the world’s highest paid modes, she had her face insured for five million dollars. 作为世界上收人最高的模特之一，她为自己的脸投了500万美元的保险。
insure 意为“确保; 给……保险”。如:
I want to insure my residence.我要为自己的住宅投保。
high 和tall 都可以表示“高的”，二者的区别在于:
※ high 侧重指高出地面的，也可以形容地位或声音高等，但不能用来形容人。如:
1) The mountain is 3,500 meters high.这座山有3500米高。
2) He likes swimming in high summer. 他喜欢在盛夏游泳。
※ tall 可以指人或物体的高度，修饰物体时可以与high 换用。如:
1) The boy is 150 centimeters tall.这个男孩身高l.5米。
2) Growing along the river are tall palm trees.沿着这条河生长的满是高大的棕榈树。 399. Tamed elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects ，including their tempers. 被驯服的大象在很多方面与野象不同，包括它们的脾气。 include 和exclude 的区别。
※ 动词include 意为“包括”。如:
My job doesn't include making coffee for the boss!为老板煮咖啡不是我分内之事! ※ 动词exclude 与include 的含义相反，意为“把... 排除在外，不包括”。如:
We can„t exclude the possibility that he killed his wife.我们不能排除他杀了他妻子的可能性。
398. This takes somewhat longer, a minimum of about 0.5 seconds.
这花费的时间要稍微长一些，至少约0.5秒。
该句在本质上属于it takes some time to do sth.的结构。副词somewhat 意为“有点，稍微”。minimum 在句中作名词，意为“最小值，最小量”，其反义词则是maximum ，意为“最大值，最大量”二这两者均可作形容词。如:
Today's minimum temperature is 3℃。今天的最低气温是3℃。
What is the maximum amount of your credit card?你的信用卡最大额度是多少?
397. I have no doubt that virtually a lot of these people were taught in school that the earth revolves around the sun; they may even have written it on a test.
我毫不怀疑这些人几乎都在学校学过地球围绕太阳旋转，他们甚至可能在考试中这样写过。 have no doubt that本意为“对... 毫无疑问”，that 引导的是同位语从句。如:
I have no doubt that you will win.我毫不怀疑你会赢。
virtually 意为“事实上，实际上; 儿乎”。如:
He virtually promised them the project.他算是答应把项目交给他们做。
revolve 意为“在轨道上运行”，也可指“旋转”。如:
The wheel revolves round its axis.轮子绕轴旋转。
有关doubt 的短语有:
※ beyond a/any/all doubt意为“无疑地”。如:
She was beyond all doubt the best dancer. 她无疑是最棒的舞者。
※ without doubt意为“无疑地，确实地”。如:
You are without doubt the cleverest student of the class.你无疑是班里最聪明的学生。 ※ in doubt意为“不肯定的，不确定的”。如:
Their acceptance of the offer was still in doubt.他们是否接受那份工作还说不准。
※ no doubt意为“无疑地，很可能”。如:
No doubt she meant to help, but in fact she got in the way.她确实想帮忙，而事实上却帮了倒忙。
396. More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendships ，what they expected of friends ，what they were willing to give in return ，and how satisfied they were with the quality of their friendships. 超过四万读者告诉我们:他们在亲密的友谊之中寻求什么，他们对朋友有何期待，他们愿意回报什么，以及他们对于自己的友谊满意程度如何。
四级词汇讲解:
look for本意为“寻找”，此处意为“盼望，期待”。如:
We shall be looking for an improvement in your work.我们期待你的工作能有所进步。 expect...of... 意为“对…有…期待”。如:
You can expect nothing of him. He is not reliable.你对他不能有任何期待。他并不可靠。 be willing to意为“愿意，乐意”。如:
I'm willing to accept responsibility.我愿意承担责任。
in return意为“回报”。如:
He bought me a drink in return for my help.他请我喝酒来酬谢我对他的帮助。 be satisfied with意为“对……满意”。如:
I'm satisfied with the results.我对结果很满意。
395. Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association(JAMA)launched a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. 受到这种衰退状态的警示，日本汽车制造协会在2006年发起了一项大范围的市场调研。 launch a study为惯用搭配，意为“投入研究”。comprehensive 意为“全面的，广泛的”。如: You need to have a comprehensive knowledge of science.你需要对科学有全面的了解。 launch 的常见用法还有:
※ “(使) 下水，出海”。如:
The new ship was launched today.新船今天下水了。
※ “发射; 投掷”。如:
The space agency will launch the moon rocket this month.航天局将于本月发射月球火箭。
※ “发动; 发起; 使开始从事”。如:
Tom plans to launch a new enterprise in ten years.汤姆计划在10年后创办一个新企业。
※ “出版; 首映; 将…投放市场”。如:
We will hold a big party to haunch our new film.为发布我们的新影片，我们将举办一场大型聚会。
394. But experts say Japan is unique in that sales have been decreasing steadily over time.
但是专家认为，日本的情况较为特殊，因为它的销售量一直都在随着时间的推移而持续下降。
in that意为“由于，因为”。over time意为“随着时间的流逝，久而久之”。如:
Bad habits are developed over time.坏习惯随着时间的积累慢慢养成。
与time 有关的短语还有:
※ against time意为“争分夺秒地，尽快地”。如:
The medical team is racing against time to save the survivors of the plane crash.医 疗人员正争分夺秒地抢救坠机事故中的幸存者。
※ behind time意为“迟了，误时”。如:
The train was one hour behind time.火车晚点一个小时。
※ behind the time(s)意为“陈旧，落后，过时”。如:
Your views on marriage are quite behind the times.你的婚姻观已经相当过时了。 393. Mother tried to say something in English but it came out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it!
母亲试图用英语说点什么，但结果却全说错了，我们都大笑起来，决定忘掉它!
come out此处意为“显示出”。如:
The girl comes out well in the photographs.照片上的女孩很上相。
burst into laughter意为“突然而猛烈地大笑”，其中laughter 可替换为其他名词，表示“突然而猛烈地发出或产生出某事物”。如:
They burst into tears after hearing the bad news.听到坏浦息后他们都突然哭了起来。 短语comp out赶有以下含义:
※ 意为“罢工”。如:
The workers have come out.工人已罢工。
※ 意为“露出，出现”。如:
The sun came out after the rain stopped.雨停后，太阳出来了。
※ 意为“开始长出，开花”。如:
The flowers came out late this year. 今年花开得很晚。
※ 意为“出版，发表”。如:
When is his new novel coming out?他的新小说什么时候出版?
※ 意为“显示”。如:
His good qualities came out in the crisis.在此次危机中，他的优秀品质得以体现。 ※ 意为“说出，讲出”。如:
My statement didn't come out as I had intended.我说的话和我想要表达的意思不尽相同。
※ 意为“得到名次”。如:
He came out first in the contest.他在比赛中得了第一名。
392 . A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds(语声) ，and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.
语言就是通过象征性语声起作用，并为了沟通的目的而被一群人使用的信号系统。 两个which 引导的都是system 的定语从句。operate with意为“借助……运转”。 for the purpose of意为“出于……的目的”。如:
This book is for the purpose of studying the very subject.该书正是为研究此学科而写成的。
有关purpose 的常见短语有:
※ on purpose意为“并非偶然地，故意地”。如:
They seemed to do those things on purpose.他们似乎是有意做那些事的。 ※ serve one's/the purpose意为“适合需要; 令人满意”。如:
The plan will serve your purpose.该计划会令你满意。
※ to little/no/some purpose意为“几乎没有/毫无/有一定成效”。如:
Money has been invested in the scheme to little purpose.资金已投入到该方案之中，却几乎毫无成效。
391 . Though you’ve got to get them to do it, by helping too much，or even examining answers too carefully, you may keep them from doing it by themselves.
尽管你已经让他们去做，但提供过多的帮助，抑或甚至过于仔细地检查答案，你可能反而会阻止他们自己动手。
get sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。如:
You may get him to deliver the letter for you.你可以让他帮你把信送过去。 keep sb. from doing sth.意为“使某人不能做某事”。如:
The bells kept me from sleeping.钟声吵得我睡不着觉。
keep... from...短语还有以下用法:
※ keep ( oneself) from doing sth.意为“克制自己不做某事”。如:
I could hardly keep myself from laughing.我忍不住大笑起来。
※ keep sth. from sb.意为“不将某事告诉某人”。如:
We ought to keep the truth from her. 我们不应该告诉她实情。