定语从句讲义
一概要：
定语从句（Attributive Clauses ）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,
词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系
副词）引出。
定语从句最重要的两部分：先行词，即被修饰限定的词；关系词（关系代词或关系副
词），引导定语从句又在从句中作成分。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语或表语；
关系副词在从句中作状语。因此准确分析关系词在从句中应作的成分，对于我们判断
使用关系代词还是关系副词至关重要。
1. 关系词有两个功能，其一引导从句，其二替代先行词在从句中充当成分，因此在定语从句中不会出现先行词。
I want to buy a mobile phone which is new in style.
Give me a dictionary whose price ranges from 100 to 150 yuan.
As is known to all, anti-terrorism is the major concern around the world.
2. 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词：
关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but, than等；在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语。
关系副词有：when, where, why等；在定语从句中充当时间，地点，和原因状语。
注意：关系副词相当于介词＋关系代词
I will always remember the days which have left a deep impression on me.
I will always remember the days when /during which we were together.
This is a city which has attracted many tourists .
This is a city where / to which many tourists will go .
I don’t know the reason that he told the teacher for his absence.
I don’t know the reason why/for which he was rejected .
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
I bought a book, which cost me 30 yuan.
I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
二. 关系词的如下：
（一）关系代词:
1. that : 既可指人，又可指物；
1) 在从句中可作主语，宾语或表语；当that 在从句中替代先行词作宾语时，可以省略。
e.g. Where is the girl that /who was injured in the accident?
He found the watch (that /which) he had lost.
She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood.
He has just made a film (that/which) the critics view favorably.
2) 关系代词只用that 的情况：
● 先行词前有形容词最高级及序数词修饰；
e.g. Professor Smith is the best mathematician that has ever visited our university.
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
● 先行词前有the only, the very修饰；
e.g. Linda is the only /very person that understands me.
● 当先行词有little, few, much, all, no, everything, something, anything, nothing, 后；
e.g. All that glitters is not gold.
Much that you have read is nonsense.
● 先行词中既有人又有物时；
e.g. Larry spoke highly of the actor and his performance that he saw at the theatre.
The scholar and his achievement that the newspaper covered are greatly admired by the
teachers and students alike.
● 先行词在定语从句中作表语时
e.g. He is no longer the man that he used to be.
● 主句中已有which 或who 时, 或先行词就是which 或who 时；
e.g. Which is the book that you are after?
Who is the man that talked with our headmaster just now?
Who that has seen the film will hate it?
3) 不能用that 的情况
● 非限制性定语从句中，不用that 。
● 紧跟住介词不能用that 。
2. which : 只可指物
1) 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语；当which 在从句中替代先行词作宾语时，可以省略, 但
紧跟住介词的which 不可省略。
e.g. The house which /that was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.
A dictionary is a book (which /that )the readers may look up words in.
A dictionary is a book in which the readers may look up words .
2) 只能用which 的情况
● 紧跟住介词时指物只能用which, 不能用that ，而且不能省略。
e.g. He gave a key with which I can open the drawer.
● Which+ 名词(case, point, reason, situation, time)，此时的which 相当于this/that
e.g. He cheated in the exam, in which case he was rejected by the school.
The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard.
He arrived at 5 o’clock, by which time all the other had left for the airport.
Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly
recognize her at first sight.
● 先行词为指物的this, that,时，关系代词用which
e.g. That which he has done can’t change the situation.
注意：1. 介词＋which （介词的选用须按此的搭配关系而定，不能随心所欲）
● China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
● Here is the book about which I told you the other day.
● Is this the address to which the telegram went ?
● These are the facts on which my argument is based.
● I was scared by the fantastic speed at which the cat ran.
● The science of medicine, in which progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most
important of all the sciences.
2. 若原本结构中需用from+prep.+n., 此结构用于定语从句时，要用from where
e.g. He put his head out of the window, from where he could enjoy the beautiful view.
..., =from out of which he could enjoy...
= He put his head out of the window. He could enjoy the beautiful view out of the window.
He hid himself behind the door, from where he can see whatever happened in the room.
... ,=from behind which he can ...
3) 在引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代前面的整个主句，表示 “这”；
e.g. H e missed the train, which annoyed him very much.
The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
George failed in the TOEFL examination, which shows he had not worked hard enough.
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
Audrey said she had lost her watch, which was not true.
3. who/ whom: 只可指人；
1) who在从句中作主语或宾语，当在从句中作宾语时，可以省略; whom:在从句中只作宾
语, 相当于that 。
e.g. An architect is a person who/ that designs houses and buildings.
People who /that have not been properly trained cannot do this kind of work..
I haven’t choose a partner (who /whom/that) I can share the business with.
The guest (whom /who/that ) you mentioned has not come yet.
Jason is a man who I believe is honest. (“I believe”是插入语)
Jason is a man whom I believe to be honest. (“I believe”是从句中的主谓)
The girl who we supposed was drowned came back.
The girl whom we supposed to be drowned came back.
2) 但紧跟住介词指人时不能用who 或that ，只能用whom ，而且不能省略；
e.g. I haven’t choose a partner with whom I can share the business .
注意：介词＋whom 之用法：（介词的选用须按此的搭配关系而定，不能随心所欲）
● The factory has 3,000 workers, of whom about 1,000 are women.
● They are the girls with whom I go to school every morning.
● Present at the banquet were many VIPs, among whom was the prime Minister.
● I don’t know the woman with whom I shook hands just now.
3) 先行词指人如果在从句中作表语时，只能用that, 不用who
e.g. He is not the guy that you think him to be.
4) 当先行词为指人的anyone, everyone, he, those, all 等不定代词时用who, 不能用that
e.g. Those who don’t make the best of their youth will achieve nothing.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
☆ which 和whom 与不定式连用， 作定语：
介词＋which/ whom＋不定式；
或： (whom/which省略) 不定式＋介词
● Bob is a pleasant young man with whom to work.
● = Bob is a pleasant young man to work with.
● I have no money with which to buy a car.
● =I have no money to buy a car with.
● This is a good house in which to live.
● =this is a good house to live in.
● What is the proper age at which to marry?
● =What is the proper age to marry at?
4. whose
1) whose 在它所引导的定语从句中起定语作用，后面要紧跟名词，既可表人又可表物
e.g. Can you find a chemical whose structure is the same as this.
There are many organizations whose purpose is to help mentally retarded children.
A writer is a person whose duty is to write.
2) whose + 指物的名词= the +名词+ of which/ of which +the 名词
This is the house whose windows (= the windows of which 或 of which the windows) are
all broken.
5. as
1) 当先行词中含有so, the same, as, such时，关系代词用as 。
I hope to buy such a watch as you are wearing.
I happen to have the same idea on this issue as you have.
As many children as came were given some cakes.
During our visit to America, we saw so great a Thanksgiving day parade as nobody ever
dreamt of in our own city.’
He is as diligent a man as ever lived.
注意: the same…as 和 the same…that 的区别
It is embarrassing that I was wearing the same dress as she in the party.（相似物）
I am wearing the same dress that I wore the first time I met him. （同一物）
such...as 与such...that 的区别
They talked in such simple English as children could understand. (定语从句)
They talked in such simple English that children could understand it. （结果状语从句）
2) 引导非限制性定语从句，放句首或句中都可以，代替前面或后面的整个主句意，意为“正
如…, 就像….
e.g. As you will find out, I will never let you down.
Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.
As is announced , there will be an earthquake of magnitude in the next few days.
As is said above, steps should be taken immediately.
特殊结构：在限定性定语从句和非限定定语从句中，当从句是由“as+be+过去分词”构
成时，可省略“be ”。which 无此结构
e.g. English as (is ) spoken in Australia is slightly different form British English.
The bridge is wonderful, as (is) shown in the picture.
6. but
用在否定的先行词后，作 "who/ that… not" 或"which … not … " 解，有强烈肯定的效果； e.g. There is no rule but has exceptions.
There is no one here but has applied for a scholarship.
There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.
7. than
先行词前有比较级修饰时， 关系代词用than;
e.g. D on't give him more money than is necessary; Money burns a hole in his pocket.
He did more than was required of him.
The question is more complicated than appears on the surface.
（一） 关系副词
1. 关系副词有when, where, why,在定语从句中分别充当时间，地点，和原因状语。关系副词相当于介词＋which
I still remember the day when (on which)you wore that beautiful pink dress.
This is the place where (in which)a large dormitory will be built for the families of our teachers.
We went to the Grand Theater, where we saw Ibsen’s A Doll’s Family.
There is no reason why (for which)I should not accept the offer.
I was in a difficult situation where (in which) I would lose the control of myself.
There are many cases where (in which) students are so obsessed with online-games as to ignore studies.
(三) 特殊句型
1. way that/in which/不加关系词，表示…的方法
Do you like the way (that / in which) I am dressed?
The way (that/ in which) he speaks annoys his colleagues.
全国各省市高考定语从句全真题
2010年高考题
1.(全国I 24). As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ___ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. Where C. What D. that
2.(全国II 16). I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
3．（北京卷27）. Children who are not active or ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
4．（福建卷24. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets ______ life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
5．（湖南卷28）. I’ve become good friend with several of the student in my school _______I meet in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
6．（江苏卷32. The newly built café, the walls of _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
7．（江西卷31）The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
8．（山东卷24）. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
9．（陕西卷11）. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
10．（四川卷10）. After graduating from college ，I took some time off to go travelling ， ______ turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
11．（天津卷8. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
12．（重庆卷28）. In China, the number of cities increasing ______ development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
13．（浙江卷3）. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
14．（上海卷38）. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
2000—2009年高考题
1. （09安徽）A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.
A. how B. whom C. when D. which
2. （09安徽）Many childrenparents are away working in big cities，are taken good
care of in the village.
A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom
3. （09北京）—What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .
A. where B. which C. when D. that4. （09福建）It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
5. （09湖南）I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of
beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
6. （09江西）The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
7. （09海南）She brought with her three friends, none of A. them B. who C. whom D. these
8. （09山东）Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
9. （09陕西）Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
10. （09四川）She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
11. （09天津）A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
12. （09天津）I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many
businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. as B. which C. when D. though
13. （09浙江）I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my
own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
14. （09重庆）Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where15. （09全国2 ）My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it16. (08全国卷II) The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we
could expect.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
17. (08北京卷) I’ll give you my friend’s home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
18. (08上海卷) We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural
areas.
A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which
19. (08上海春卷) Villagers here depend on the fishing industry，_________ there won’t be much
work
A. where B. that C. by which D. without which
20.(08重庆卷)They will fly to Washington, ______ they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where B. there C. which D. when
21. (08山东卷)Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which C. why D. when
22.(08江苏卷) The Science Museum, _____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of
London’s tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
23. (08江西卷)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints
have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when C. who D. which
24. (08安徽卷) All the neighbor admire this family, ______the parents are treating their child like
a friend.
A. why B. where C. which
25. (08浙江卷)Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago. D. that
A. whom B. where C. that D. which
26. (08湖南卷)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are
beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
27. (08陕西卷) The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
28. (08四川卷)For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, ____ New
York is an example.
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
29. (08福建卷) By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount
Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which
30. （2007 上海卷）His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his
wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
31. （2007 山东卷）—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm _________ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
32. （2007 安徽卷）Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to
buy it.
A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom
33. （2007 北京卷）We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _____are
healthy
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
34. （2007 湖南卷）By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
35. （2007 江苏卷）He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
36. （2007 江西卷）she heeded to decision
what to do.
A.that B.what C.which D.where
37. （2007 全国卷I ）Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _______they learn simple
games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
38. （2007 陕西卷）Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail
to use the language properly.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
39. （2007 上海卷）The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was
working abroad．
A. that B. all that C. all what D. which
40. （2007 四川卷）It is reported that two schools，_______ are being built in my hometown，
will open next year.
A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which
41. （2007 天津卷）Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________
sight matters more than hearing.
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
42. （2007 浙江卷）Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a
successful business.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
43. （2007 重庆卷） Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______
they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
44. （2007 辽宁卷）Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big
company.
A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this
45. (上海2006) In an hour, we can travel to the places _______ would have taken our ancestors
days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
46. (北京2006) Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance
of having heart disease than those _______ don’t.
A. who; / B. /;who C. who; who D. /;/
47. (天津2006) If you are traveling _______ the customs are really foreign to you own, please do
as the Romans do.
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
48. （福建2006）Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
49. （陕西2006）She was educated at Beijing University, _______ she went on to have her
advanced study abroad.
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
50. (全国2005) Some pre-school children go to a day care centre, _______ they learn simple
games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
51. (天津2006)The Beatles, _______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from
A. what B. that C. how D. as
52. （重庆2006）I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.. Before I could recognize who she
was, she had run back in the direction _______ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
53. （江西2006）The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more
people to keep it running, _______ mean spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
54. （浙江2006）I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
55. （湖南2006）We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to
us, _______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
56. （辽宁2006）I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _______Chinese in the school,
most_______ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
57.(上海2005) If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
58. (上海2004) American women usually identify their friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
59. (上海2005春) The United Sates is made up of fifty states, one of ________ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
A. them B. those C. which D. whose
60. (全国2005)I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
61. (全国2005) Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ________ to produce the workings of his
own hands.
A. that B. in which C. by which D. how
62. (江西2005) The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ________ they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which
63. (湖南2005) –Is that the small town you often refer to? D. for which
-Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
64. (上海2004春) A fast restaurant is the place ________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
65. (四川2004) There were dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
66. (河北2004)The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
67. (北京2004) Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ________ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
68. (全国2004) There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ________ five are mine.
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which
69.(北京2004) George Orwell, ________ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
70.(北京2004) ________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
71. (西藏2004) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
72. (天津2004) Helen was much kinder to her younger son than the others, ________ of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
73. (天津2004) A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
74.(浙江2004) Anyway, that evening, ________ I’ll tell you about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
75. (江苏2004) ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
76. (湖北2004) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
77. (湖南2004) I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance to get a promotion.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
78. (上海2003) I can think of many cases ________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
79. (北京2003) New York, ________ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited
80. (上海2003春) ________ has been announced, we shall have our final examinations next
month.
A. That B. As C. It D. What
81. (北京2003春) We are living in an age ________ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
82. (上海2002) Alec asked the policeman ________ he worked to contact him whenever there
was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
83. (上海2002) There’s a feeling in me ________ we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
84. (北京2002) We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
85. (上海2002春) Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
86. (北京2002春) The famous basketball star, ________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot
of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
87. (全国2001) ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
88. (上海2001) He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
89. (上海2001春) Have you seen the film Titanic, ________ leading actor is word famous?
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. what
90. (北京2001春) John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ________ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
91. (全国2000) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________ of course ,
made the others unhappy.
A ．who B ．which C ．this D ．what
92. (上海2000) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
93. (上海2000春) The gentleman ________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
94. (上海2000春) These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
95. (北京2000春) The result of the experiment was very good, ________ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
定语从句答案： 2010年：
ABBBA DACDB CCAC
2000—2009年： 1-5 CBADD
26-30 BDCDA
51-55 DDDBB
76-80 DCDBB
6-10 BCBCD 31-35 DDDBA 56-60 DDDCD 81-85 DCACA 11-15 CABDA 36-40 DDDBD 61-65 BDCBA 86-90 DAACC 16-20 CDCDA 21-25 DAABD 41-45 DBBBC 46-50 CDAAD 66-70 BDCDB 71-75 ADADD 91-95 BBBBC
定语从句讲义
一概要：
定语从句（Attributive Clauses ）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,
词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系
副词）引出。
定语从句最重要的两部分：先行词，即被修饰限定的词；关系词（关系代词或关系副
词），引导定语从句又在从句中作成分。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语或表语；
关系副词在从句中作状语。因此准确分析关系词在从句中应作的成分，对于我们判断
使用关系代词还是关系副词至关重要。
1. 关系词有两个功能，其一引导从句，其二替代先行词在从句中充当成分，因此在定语从句中不会出现先行词。
I want to buy a mobile phone which is new in style.
Give me a dictionary whose price ranges from 100 to 150 yuan.
As is known to all, anti-terrorism is the major concern around the world.
2. 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词：
关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but, than等；在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语。
关系副词有：when, where, why等；在定语从句中充当时间，地点，和原因状语。
注意：关系副词相当于介词＋关系代词
I will always remember the days which have left a deep impression on me.
I will always remember the days when /during which we were together.
This is a city which has attracted many tourists .
This is a city where / to which many tourists will go .
I don’t know the reason that he told the teacher for his absence.
I don’t know the reason why/for which he was rejected .
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
I bought a book, which cost me 30 yuan.
I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
二. 关系词的如下：
（一）关系代词:
1. that : 既可指人，又可指物；
1) 在从句中可作主语，宾语或表语；当that 在从句中替代先行词作宾语时，可以省略。
e.g. Where is the girl that /who was injured in the accident?
He found the watch (that /which) he had lost.
She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood.
He has just made a film (that/which) the critics view favorably.
2) 关系代词只用that 的情况：
● 先行词前有形容词最高级及序数词修饰；
e.g. Professor Smith is the best mathematician that has ever visited our university.
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
● 先行词前有the only, the very修饰；
e.g. Linda is the only /very person that understands me.
● 当先行词有little, few, much, all, no, everything, something, anything, nothing, 后；
e.g. All that glitters is not gold.
Much that you have read is nonsense.
● 先行词中既有人又有物时；
e.g. Larry spoke highly of the actor and his performance that he saw at the theatre.
The scholar and his achievement that the newspaper covered are greatly admired by the
teachers and students alike.
● 先行词在定语从句中作表语时
e.g. He is no longer the man that he used to be.
● 主句中已有which 或who 时, 或先行词就是which 或who 时；
e.g. Which is the book that you are after?
Who is the man that talked with our headmaster just now?
Who that has seen the film will hate it?
3) 不能用that 的情况
● 非限制性定语从句中，不用that 。
● 紧跟住介词不能用that 。
2. which : 只可指物
1) 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语；当which 在从句中替代先行词作宾语时，可以省略, 但
紧跟住介词的which 不可省略。
e.g. The house which /that was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.
A dictionary is a book (which /that )the readers may look up words in.
A dictionary is a book in which the readers may look up words .
2) 只能用which 的情况
● 紧跟住介词时指物只能用which, 不能用that ，而且不能省略。
e.g. He gave a key with which I can open the drawer.
● Which+ 名词(case, point, reason, situation, time)，此时的which 相当于this/that
e.g. He cheated in the exam, in which case he was rejected by the school.
The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard.
He arrived at 5 o’clock, by which time all the other had left for the airport.
Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly
recognize her at first sight.
● 先行词为指物的this, that,时，关系代词用which
e.g. That which he has done can’t change the situation.
注意：1. 介词＋which （介词的选用须按此的搭配关系而定，不能随心所欲）
● China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
● Here is the book about which I told you the other day.
● Is this the address to which the telegram went ?
● These are the facts on which my argument is based.
● I was scared by the fantastic speed at which the cat ran.
● The science of medicine, in which progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most
important of all the sciences.
2. 若原本结构中需用from+prep.+n., 此结构用于定语从句时，要用from where
e.g. He put his head out of the window, from where he could enjoy the beautiful view.
..., =from out of which he could enjoy...
= He put his head out of the window. He could enjoy the beautiful view out of the window.
He hid himself behind the door, from where he can see whatever happened in the room.
... ,=from behind which he can ...
3) 在引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代前面的整个主句，表示 “这”；
e.g. H e missed the train, which annoyed him very much.
The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
George failed in the TOEFL examination, which shows he had not worked hard enough.
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
Audrey said she had lost her watch, which was not true.
3. who/ whom: 只可指人；
1) who在从句中作主语或宾语，当在从句中作宾语时，可以省略; whom:在从句中只作宾
语, 相当于that 。
e.g. An architect is a person who/ that designs houses and buildings.
People who /that have not been properly trained cannot do this kind of work..
I haven’t choose a partner (who /whom/that) I can share the business with.
The guest (whom /who/that ) you mentioned has not come yet.
Jason is a man who I believe is honest. (“I believe”是插入语)
Jason is a man whom I believe to be honest. (“I believe”是从句中的主谓)
The girl who we supposed was drowned came back.
The girl whom we supposed to be drowned came back.
2) 但紧跟住介词指人时不能用who 或that ，只能用whom ，而且不能省略；
e.g. I haven’t choose a partner with whom I can share the business .
注意：介词＋whom 之用法：（介词的选用须按此的搭配关系而定，不能随心所欲）
● The factory has 3,000 workers, of whom about 1,000 are women.
● They are the girls with whom I go to school every morning.
● Present at the banquet were many VIPs, among whom was the prime Minister.
● I don’t know the woman with whom I shook hands just now.
3) 先行词指人如果在从句中作表语时，只能用that, 不用who
e.g. He is not the guy that you think him to be.
4) 当先行词为指人的anyone, everyone, he, those, all 等不定代词时用who, 不能用that
e.g. Those who don’t make the best of their youth will achieve nothing.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
☆ which 和whom 与不定式连用， 作定语：
介词＋which/ whom＋不定式；
或： (whom/which省略) 不定式＋介词
● Bob is a pleasant young man with whom to work.
● = Bob is a pleasant young man to work with.
● I have no money with which to buy a car.
● =I have no money to buy a car with.
● This is a good house in which to live.
● =this is a good house to live in.
● What is the proper age at which to marry?
● =What is the proper age to marry at?
4. whose
1) whose 在它所引导的定语从句中起定语作用，后面要紧跟名词，既可表人又可表物
e.g. Can you find a chemical whose structure is the same as this.
There are many organizations whose purpose is to help mentally retarded children.
A writer is a person whose duty is to write.
2) whose + 指物的名词= the +名词+ of which/ of which +the 名词
This is the house whose windows (= the windows of which 或 of which the windows) are
all broken.
5. as
1) 当先行词中含有so, the same, as, such时，关系代词用as 。
I hope to buy such a watch as you are wearing.
I happen to have the same idea on this issue as you have.
As many children as came were given some cakes.
During our visit to America, we saw so great a Thanksgiving day parade as nobody ever
dreamt of in our own city.’
He is as diligent a man as ever lived.
注意: the same…as 和 the same…that 的区别
It is embarrassing that I was wearing the same dress as she in the party.（相似物）
I am wearing the same dress that I wore the first time I met him. （同一物）
such...as 与such...that 的区别
They talked in such simple English as children could understand. (定语从句)
They talked in such simple English that children could understand it. （结果状语从句）
2) 引导非限制性定语从句，放句首或句中都可以，代替前面或后面的整个主句意，意为“正
如…, 就像….
e.g. As you will find out, I will never let you down.
Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.
As is announced , there will be an earthquake of magnitude in the next few days.
As is said above, steps should be taken immediately.
特殊结构：在限定性定语从句和非限定定语从句中，当从句是由“as+be+过去分词”构
成时，可省略“be ”。which 无此结构
e.g. English as (is ) spoken in Australia is slightly different form British English.
The bridge is wonderful, as (is) shown in the picture.
6. but
用在否定的先行词后，作 "who/ that… not" 或"which … not … " 解，有强烈肯定的效果； e.g. There is no rule but has exceptions.
There is no one here but has applied for a scholarship.
There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.
7. than
先行词前有比较级修饰时， 关系代词用than;
e.g. D on't give him more money than is necessary; Money burns a hole in his pocket.
He did more than was required of him.
The question is more complicated than appears on the surface.
（一） 关系副词
1. 关系副词有when, where, why,在定语从句中分别充当时间，地点，和原因状语。关系副词相当于介词＋which
I still remember the day when (on which)you wore that beautiful pink dress.
This is the place where (in which)a large dormitory will be built for the families of our teachers.
We went to the Grand Theater, where we saw Ibsen’s A Doll’s Family.
There is no reason why (for which)I should not accept the offer.
I was in a difficult situation where (in which) I would lose the control of myself.
There are many cases where (in which) students are so obsessed with online-games as to ignore studies.
(三) 特殊句型
1. way that/in which/不加关系词，表示…的方法
Do you like the way (that / in which) I am dressed?
The way (that/ in which) he speaks annoys his colleagues.
全国各省市高考定语从句全真题
2010年高考题
1.(全国I 24). As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ___ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. Where C. What D. that
2.(全国II 16). I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
3．（北京卷27）. Children who are not active or ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
4．（福建卷24. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets ______ life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
5．（湖南卷28）. I’ve become good friend with several of the student in my school _______I meet in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
6．（江苏卷32. The newly built café, the walls of _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
7．（江西卷31）The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
8．（山东卷24）. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
9．（陕西卷11）. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
10．（四川卷10）. After graduating from college ，I took some time off to go travelling ， ______ turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
11．（天津卷8. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
12．（重庆卷28）. In China, the number of cities increasing ______ development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
13．（浙江卷3）. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
14．（上海卷38）. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
2000—2009年高考题
1. （09安徽）A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.
A. how B. whom C. when D. which
2. （09安徽）Many childrenparents are away working in big cities，are taken good
care of in the village.
A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom
3. （09北京）—What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .
A. where B. which C. when D. that4. （09福建）It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
5. （09湖南）I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of
beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
6. （09江西）The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
7. （09海南）She brought with her three friends, none of A. them B. who C. whom D. these
8. （09山东）Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
9. （09陕西）Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
10. （09四川）She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
11. （09天津）A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
12. （09天津）I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many
businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. as B. which C. when D. though
13. （09浙江）I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my
own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
14. （09重庆）Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where15. （09全国2 ）My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it16. (08全国卷II) The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we
could expect.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
17. (08北京卷) I’ll give you my friend’s home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
18. (08上海卷) We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural
areas.
A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which
19. (08上海春卷) Villagers here depend on the fishing industry，_________ there won’t be much
work
A. where B. that C. by which D. without which
20.(08重庆卷)They will fly to Washington, ______ they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where B. there C. which D. when
21. (08山东卷)Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which C. why D. when
22.(08江苏卷) The Science Museum, _____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of
London’s tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
23. (08江西卷)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints
have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when C. who D. which
24. (08安徽卷) All the neighbor admire this family, ______the parents are treating their child like
a friend.
A. why B. where C. which
25. (08浙江卷)Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago. D. that
A. whom B. where C. that D. which
26. (08湖南卷)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are
beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
27. (08陕西卷) The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
28. (08四川卷)For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, ____ New
York is an example.
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
29. (08福建卷) By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount
Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which
30. （2007 上海卷）His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his
wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
31. （2007 山东卷）—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm _________ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
32. （2007 安徽卷）Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to
buy it.
A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom
33. （2007 北京卷）We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _____are
healthy
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
34. （2007 湖南卷）By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
35. （2007 江苏卷）He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
36. （2007 江西卷）she heeded to decision
what to do.
A.that B.what C.which D.where
37. （2007 全国卷I ）Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _______they learn simple
games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
38. （2007 陕西卷）Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail
to use the language properly.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
39. （2007 上海卷）The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was
working abroad．
A. that B. all that C. all what D. which
40. （2007 四川卷）It is reported that two schools，_______ are being built in my hometown，
will open next year.
A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which
41. （2007 天津卷）Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________
sight matters more than hearing.
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
42. （2007 浙江卷）Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a
successful business.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
43. （2007 重庆卷） Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______
they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
44. （2007 辽宁卷）Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big
company.
A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this
45. (上海2006) In an hour, we can travel to the places _______ would have taken our ancestors
days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
46. (北京2006) Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance
of having heart disease than those _______ don’t.
A. who; / B. /;who C. who; who D. /;/
47. (天津2006) If you are traveling _______ the customs are really foreign to you own, please do
as the Romans do.
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
48. （福建2006）Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
49. （陕西2006）She was educated at Beijing University, _______ she went on to have her
advanced study abroad.
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
50. (全国2005) Some pre-school children go to a day care centre, _______ they learn simple
games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
51. (天津2006)The Beatles, _______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from
A. what B. that C. how D. as
52. （重庆2006）I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.. Before I could recognize who she
was, she had run back in the direction _______ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
53. （江西2006）The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more
people to keep it running, _______ mean spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
54. （浙江2006）I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
55. （湖南2006）We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to
us, _______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
56. （辽宁2006）I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _______Chinese in the school,
most_______ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
57.(上海2005) If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
58. (上海2004) American women usually identify their friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
59. (上海2005春) The United Sates is made up of fifty states, one of ________ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
A. them B. those C. which D. whose
60. (全国2005)I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
61. (全国2005) Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ________ to produce the workings of his
own hands.
A. that B. in which C. by which D. how
62. (江西2005) The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ________ they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which
63. (湖南2005) –Is that the small town you often refer to? D. for which
-Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
64. (上海2004春) A fast restaurant is the place ________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
65. (四川2004) There were dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
66. (河北2004)The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
67. (北京2004) Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ________ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
68. (全国2004) There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ________ five are mine.
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which
69.(北京2004) George Orwell, ________ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
70.(北京2004) ________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
71. (西藏2004) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
72. (天津2004) Helen was much kinder to her younger son than the others, ________ of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
73. (天津2004) A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
74.(浙江2004) Anyway, that evening, ________ I’ll tell you about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
75. (江苏2004) ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
76. (湖北2004) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
77. (湖南2004) I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance to get a promotion.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
78. (上海2003) I can think of many cases ________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
79. (北京2003) New York, ________ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited
80. (上海2003春) ________ has been announced, we shall have our final examinations next
month.
A. That B. As C. It D. What
81. (北京2003春) We are living in an age ________ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
82. (上海2002) Alec asked the policeman ________ he worked to contact him whenever there
was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
83. (上海2002) There’s a feeling in me ________ we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
84. (北京2002) We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
85. (上海2002春) Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
86. (北京2002春) The famous basketball star, ________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot
of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
87. (全国2001) ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
88. (上海2001) He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
89. (上海2001春) Have you seen the film Titanic, ________ leading actor is word famous?
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. what
90. (北京2001春) John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ________ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
91. (全国2000) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________ of course ,
made the others unhappy.
A ．who B ．which C ．this D ．what
92. (上海2000) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
93. (上海2000春) The gentleman ________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
94. (上海2000春) These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
95. (北京2000春) The result of the experiment was very good, ________ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
定语从句答案： 2010年：
ABBBA DACDB CCAC
2000—2009年： 1-5 CBADD
26-30 BDCDA
51-55 DDDBB
76-80 DCDBB
6-10 BCBCD 31-35 DDDBA 56-60 DDDCD 81-85 DCACA 11-15 CABDA 36-40 DDDBD 61-65 BDCBA 86-90 DAACC 16-20 CDCDA 21-25 DAABD 41-45 DBBBC 46-50 CDAAD 66-70 BDCDB 71-75 ADADD 91-95 BBBBC