大功率多层搅拌釜搅拌轴的设计制造
杨建兵
(北京有机化工厂)
摘 要 介绍了一种大功率多层搅拌釜的搅拌轴的加工工艺, 使得该搅拌器密封处径向摆动和轴下端摆动值较易控制在设计要求范围内。关键词 搅拌釜 搅拌轴 挠度 偏心值 对于大功率大容积多层搅拌釜搅拌轴的设计和制造, 国内目前没有相应的设计和制造标准来参考。北京有机化工厂BJ 230乳液改造的关键设备是R 2501A 搅拌釜。本文以搅拌釜R 2501A 为例, 就其设计制造的关键问题 如何控制搅拌轴的径向摆动及轴下端摆动做一简要论述。
1 结构及技术参数
R 2501A 搅拌釜结构如图1所示。搅拌轴(轴 和轴! ) 直径为130m m, 全长4670mm , 中间有一对夹壳式联轴节, 轴及搅拌器自重670kg, 该搅拌釜的其他技术参数见表1。
表1 主要技术参数
参 数
设计压力/M Pa 设计温度/∀介 质直径/mm 全容积/m 3
密封处径向摆动/mm 轴下端摆动/mm 电动机功率/kW 转速/r ∃min -1物料粘度/Pa ∃s
容 器0. 09130BJ 2302200
11. 7#0. 3#0. 63010020~40
夹 套0. 3220蒸汽2400
釜的挠度来实现的。搅拌轴在满足强度和刚度要求的同时还要满足其挠度的要求。轴的挠度对搅拌器的寿命有很大的影响, 尤其是采用密封装置时与轴封的性能直接相关。因此在设计中要尽量减少轴端部位的挠度, 轴端部位的偏摆量必须控制在允许的范围内:通常采用填料箱的场合控制在0. 08~0. 30mm; 采用机械密封的场合控制在0. 04到0. 08mm
以内。
上述技术参数中关键是如何保证轴下端摆动距离#0. 6mm 和密封处径向摆动距离#0. 3mm 。在R 2501A 搅拌釜制造过程中, 减小轴的下端摆动量和密封处的径向摆动量主要是通过控制搅拌
图1 R 2501A 结构示意图
, , 。
2 设计与制造
通过多方论证, 采用假轴定位的方法, 加工R 2501A 搅拌釜的搅拌轴。将一根外径与轴相近的厚壁管加工成假轴, 两端的尺寸与轴一样且同心, 选用两组胎具使之分别与机架连接件、填料箱法兰及轴架副座相连(采用间隙配合) 。2. 1 假轴
假轴选用一根 133mm %10m m 、材质为20#钢的厚壁管, 长度L 为4000mm, 管子要求平直, 两端加工成 130mm 、公差为h 6, 各500mm 长。2. 2 胎具A
胎具A(图2) 止口与机架连接件及填料箱连接法兰(图3) 采用间隙配合; 胎具A 内径与假轴采用间隙配合, 公差均为H 7/h 6。胎具A 为组焊件, 材料选用Q235 A, 所有公差标注处要求同心, 与机架连接件及填料箱连接法兰配合的平面要求与胎具的轴心垂直。机架连接体是机架的支承平台且与搅拌釜的上封头组焊, 机架内安装轴承及轴。上部安装减速机及电机, 填料箱连接法兰连
接填料箱且与上封头组焊。
2. 4 抱卡
抱卡安装在假轴上, 无严格公差要求。在组焊时用螺栓将两组胎具及其连接件紧固在封头上, 材料选用Q235 A 。3 安装及组焊3. 1 安装
将搅拌釜水平放置在平台上, 假轴穿过釜的两端, 釜内用丝杆支撑假轴并基本找正, 将两组胎具及其连接件安装在釜的两端, 抱卡安装在假轴上, 拧紧螺栓将两组胎具及其连接件顶在上、下封头上, 并用塞尺检查四周的间隙, 同时找正假轴, 使假轴与釜同心。3. 2 焊接
图2 胎具A
示意图
先将机架连接件、填料箱连接法兰及轴架副座点固在封头上, 然后松开抱卡盘动假轴, 先密点焊后密封焊, 随时用塞尺检查间隙, 严格控制焊接线能量确保整个焊接过程都能盘动假轴。
选用手工电弧焊, 焊机采用ZX5 400硅整流弧焊机。因机架连接件为碳钢Q235 A, 故与搅拌釜上封头组焊时选用A302焊条; 填料箱连接法兰材
图3 连接件示意图
2. 3 胎具B
胎具B(图4) 止口与轴架副座(图5) 间隙配合, 公差为H 7/h 6, 胎具B 为组焊件, 材料选用
质是不锈钢, 与搅拌釜上封头组焊时选用A132焊条; 轴架副座材料为不锈钢, 与搅拌釜下封头组焊时选用A132焊条(均采用 3. 2mm 焊条打底, 4. 0mm 焊条填充及盖面) , 其他焊接工艺参数见表2。
(页)
图5 轴架副座示意图图4 胎具B 示意图
求与轴心垂直。轴架副座与下端轴架相连, 对搅拌轴起辅助支承作用。
从集合管排出, 滤渣沉积在滤板的滤网上形成滤饼, 滤饼的厚度由介质流速或压降多少来测定, 达到规定值后, 罐体卸压、开振动器、打开罐体、卸滤饼, 然后罐体回位, 再重复上述过程。3 主要部件3. 1 罐体
罐体是叶片式压滤机的主要承压件, 按GB150 89一类压力容器设计制造。罐体由固定封头、筒体、锁紧环以及滤板等组成。筒体一端的法兰外圈加工有均布的凹槽和凸台, 在凸台侧面焊有斜铁块; 锁紧环为一整体锻件, 一侧与固定封头法兰卡牢, 另一侧也加工有凹槽和凸台。并在凸台内侧焊有斜铁块。当筒体的凸台对准锁紧环的凹槽时, 筒体法兰就可插入锁紧环内, 在两个短油缸的作用下, 锁紧环转动, 它们之间的斜铁块逐渐卡紧, 产生轴向压力, 使固定封头与筒体之间的密封条压紧, 形成一个密闭的压力容器。罐体内设有集液管, 24块滤板插放在集液管上。集液管的一端与固定封头出口相焊接, 另一端由滚轮支撑在筒体下部的滑轨上。滤液通过滤板从集液管排出。滤板的两侧边框与振动杆用螺栓和夹子分别固定, 振动杆与罐体外部的2台振荡器相连, 并用填料盒密封振动杆。振荡器, 在卸滤饼前短时分别振动, 将滤饼振松抖落入滤渣槽内。滤板设计成中间用型钢支撑、两端面用多孔板组焊而成, 多孔板外侧面焊有不锈钢丝网, 钢丝网目数可根据用户过滤介质的固相颗粒度来选定, 达到过滤介质的目的。3. 2 支架
支架是叶片式压力过滤机的支撑部件。它是
由型材组成的可拆卸的矩形框架, 支架的4根立柱固定在基础上, 支架一端用螺栓固定着封头。支架的两根上梁是由大工字钢与立柱把合, 工字钢又作为滑车的行走轨道, 通过4个滑车将筒体悬挂在支架上, 滑车下部有螺栓, 用来调整筒体的水平度, 便于锁紧环与筒体法兰的配合。3. 3 液压系统
液压系统由液压站、油管线、两个短油缸及1个长油缸等组成。液压站启动后产生油压, 通过操作手柄, 可控制短、长油缸的伸缩。短油缸的一端与固定封头联接, 另一端与琐紧环联接, 油缸的伸缩可带动锁紧环转动, 锁紧环的上下转动可将筒体锁紧或打开。长油缸设置在支架的上部, 一端固定在支架上, 另一端与筒体的小支架联接, 油缸伸出, 推动滑车、筒体移开, 油缸回缩将筒体回位。
3. 4 气路系统
气路系统由振荡器、振动杆、管路组成。两台振荡器在压缩空气的作用下, 可达到每分钟2000次的振动频率, 通过振动杆带动滤板分别振动, 达到振松抖落滤饼。4 结束语
55m 2叶片式压力过滤机已制造了3台, 经在1997年11月对新疆独山子炼油厂添加剂车间在用两台设备的监测, 各项性能指标均达到了设计要求。该机的开发成功不仅填补了国内空白, 又为取代板框式过滤机和水平剖分式叶滤机、替代进口产品作了有益的探索。
(收稿日期:1998 03 03)
(上接第35页)
表2 焊接工艺参数
焊接位置机架连接件填料箱法兰轴架副座
焊条牌号A302A132A132
电 流
A 90~16090~14090~140
电 压V 22~2422~2422~24
4 结束语
采用以上方法制造的搅拌轴, 保证了搅拌釜中填料密封处摆动#0. 3mm, 轴下端摆动#0. 6mm, 两处摆动均小于0. 10mm, 满足设计要求。该搅拌釜投入使用后运行良好, 取得了满意的效果。
(收稿日期:1997 12 23, 修回日期:1998 03 13)
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The flexibili ty standardi z ati on m ethod of the stress strength factors at the points of the surface cracks i n thick autofrettaged cylinders. Y in Xieping, Wu Jingsheng, li Y u jiang (Changsha Chemical M achiner y Plant, Changsha, Hu nan, China) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(29)
T he stress streng th factors at the points of sur face cracks in t hick autofrettag ed cylinders were standardized in hydraulic fat igue ex periments by using flexibilit y st andardiza tion method, the results show that this w as an efficient method for calculating the stress strength factors at the points of the surface cracks.
Key Words:T hick Cylinder, Surface Crack, Stress Strength Factor , Flex ibility
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T he pr ocessing technology of the stirring shafts of pow erful multi layer st irrers were presented, the new technology made the values of the radial swing and the ax ial bottom swing at the seal o f the stirrer easily to be contro lled w ithin t he desig n range.
Key Words:Stirrer, Stirring Shaft, Deflection, Eccen tr icit y Value
C rack repair of ZH62Zn38electr ode copper ti les. Wang L inxiang(Repair Division, K unyang P hosphate F er til izer Plant, Jinning, Y unnan, China) &&&&&&&(36)
T he welding repair technology and method of copper t ile cracks were presented.
Key Words:Cast ing Electro de Copper T ile, Welding, Welding T echnology
Two phase fl ow measurement on sieve trays the appl ication of hot film anem om eters. Zhang Yazhi, Wang X iaoling, Zeng Aiw u, W ang Zhongcheng, Huang Jie(T ianjin U niversity, T ianjin, China) &&&&&&&&&&&(38)
It w as presented of the measur ement of the gas liquid t wo phase flow on sieve trays by using hot film anemome ters, the ident ification and standar dization of the measure ment signals of the hot film anemometers suitable for gas liq uid two phase flow on sieve trays were discussed, the mea surement results of the flow fields and the ratio of air content on sieve trays were g iven.
Key Words:Hot Film Anemo meter, Sieve T ray, T wo Phase Flow , F low Speed, Ratio of A ir Contert
Appl ication of the i nternal stress relax method in cor recting the rotors i n high pressure turbines. L ei Qix in(Re search Institute of M achiner y T echnology, L iaoyang Petro chemical Fiber Industr y Corpo ration, L iaoyang, L iaoning, China) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(41)
A n eng ineering ex ample of application of the internal stress relax method in co rrecting the rotors in hig h pressure turbines was presented, including the desig n and technology process of t he special cor recting dev ices. T he corrected rotors confor med with the demands and were in good operation.
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T he laser melting and covering technology was used to intensify the seal surfaces of the components of the co mbined valves of methylamine pumps in the production line of ur ea. T he surface intensified with laser was smooth, its processing o ver measure w as small, its body had not deformation, the composition o f laser melting and covering layer was dense, its crystal gr ain sizes w er e small, its hardness, streng th, and toughness were higher , some defects, such as holes, cracks, and impurities were eliminated.
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T he structur e characterist ics of the cyclone dust re movers for gas stat ions were analysed, some retrofits were made for their inconvenience.
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大功率多层搅拌釜搅拌轴的设计制造
杨建兵
(北京有机化工厂)
摘 要 介绍了一种大功率多层搅拌釜的搅拌轴的加工工艺, 使得该搅拌器密封处径向摆动和轴下端摆动值较易控制在设计要求范围内。关键词 搅拌釜 搅拌轴 挠度 偏心值 对于大功率大容积多层搅拌釜搅拌轴的设计和制造, 国内目前没有相应的设计和制造标准来参考。北京有机化工厂BJ 230乳液改造的关键设备是R 2501A 搅拌釜。本文以搅拌釜R 2501A 为例, 就其设计制造的关键问题 如何控制搅拌轴的径向摆动及轴下端摆动做一简要论述。
1 结构及技术参数
R 2501A 搅拌釜结构如图1所示。搅拌轴(轴 和轴! ) 直径为130m m, 全长4670mm , 中间有一对夹壳式联轴节, 轴及搅拌器自重670kg, 该搅拌釜的其他技术参数见表1。
表1 主要技术参数
参 数
设计压力/M Pa 设计温度/∀介 质直径/mm 全容积/m 3
密封处径向摆动/mm 轴下端摆动/mm 电动机功率/kW 转速/r ∃min -1物料粘度/Pa ∃s
容 器0. 09130BJ 2302200
11. 7#0. 3#0. 63010020~40
夹 套0. 3220蒸汽2400
釜的挠度来实现的。搅拌轴在满足强度和刚度要求的同时还要满足其挠度的要求。轴的挠度对搅拌器的寿命有很大的影响, 尤其是采用密封装置时与轴封的性能直接相关。因此在设计中要尽量减少轴端部位的挠度, 轴端部位的偏摆量必须控制在允许的范围内:通常采用填料箱的场合控制在0. 08~0. 30mm; 采用机械密封的场合控制在0. 04到0. 08mm
以内。
上述技术参数中关键是如何保证轴下端摆动距离#0. 6mm 和密封处径向摆动距离#0. 3mm 。在R 2501A 搅拌釜制造过程中, 减小轴的下端摆动量和密封处的径向摆动量主要是通过控制搅拌
图1 R 2501A 结构示意图
, , 。
2 设计与制造
通过多方论证, 采用假轴定位的方法, 加工R 2501A 搅拌釜的搅拌轴。将一根外径与轴相近的厚壁管加工成假轴, 两端的尺寸与轴一样且同心, 选用两组胎具使之分别与机架连接件、填料箱法兰及轴架副座相连(采用间隙配合) 。2. 1 假轴
假轴选用一根 133mm %10m m 、材质为20#钢的厚壁管, 长度L 为4000mm, 管子要求平直, 两端加工成 130mm 、公差为h 6, 各500mm 长。2. 2 胎具A
胎具A(图2) 止口与机架连接件及填料箱连接法兰(图3) 采用间隙配合; 胎具A 内径与假轴采用间隙配合, 公差均为H 7/h 6。胎具A 为组焊件, 材料选用Q235 A, 所有公差标注处要求同心, 与机架连接件及填料箱连接法兰配合的平面要求与胎具的轴心垂直。机架连接体是机架的支承平台且与搅拌釜的上封头组焊, 机架内安装轴承及轴。上部安装减速机及电机, 填料箱连接法兰连
接填料箱且与上封头组焊。
2. 4 抱卡
抱卡安装在假轴上, 无严格公差要求。在组焊时用螺栓将两组胎具及其连接件紧固在封头上, 材料选用Q235 A 。3 安装及组焊3. 1 安装
将搅拌釜水平放置在平台上, 假轴穿过釜的两端, 釜内用丝杆支撑假轴并基本找正, 将两组胎具及其连接件安装在釜的两端, 抱卡安装在假轴上, 拧紧螺栓将两组胎具及其连接件顶在上、下封头上, 并用塞尺检查四周的间隙, 同时找正假轴, 使假轴与釜同心。3. 2 焊接
图2 胎具A
示意图
先将机架连接件、填料箱连接法兰及轴架副座点固在封头上, 然后松开抱卡盘动假轴, 先密点焊后密封焊, 随时用塞尺检查间隙, 严格控制焊接线能量确保整个焊接过程都能盘动假轴。
选用手工电弧焊, 焊机采用ZX5 400硅整流弧焊机。因机架连接件为碳钢Q235 A, 故与搅拌釜上封头组焊时选用A302焊条; 填料箱连接法兰材
图3 连接件示意图
2. 3 胎具B
胎具B(图4) 止口与轴架副座(图5) 间隙配合, 公差为H 7/h 6, 胎具B 为组焊件, 材料选用
质是不锈钢, 与搅拌釜上封头组焊时选用A132焊条; 轴架副座材料为不锈钢, 与搅拌釜下封头组焊时选用A132焊条(均采用 3. 2mm 焊条打底, 4. 0mm 焊条填充及盖面) , 其他焊接工艺参数见表2。
(页)
图5 轴架副座示意图图4 胎具B 示意图
求与轴心垂直。轴架副座与下端轴架相连, 对搅拌轴起辅助支承作用。
从集合管排出, 滤渣沉积在滤板的滤网上形成滤饼, 滤饼的厚度由介质流速或压降多少来测定, 达到规定值后, 罐体卸压、开振动器、打开罐体、卸滤饼, 然后罐体回位, 再重复上述过程。3 主要部件3. 1 罐体
罐体是叶片式压滤机的主要承压件, 按GB150 89一类压力容器设计制造。罐体由固定封头、筒体、锁紧环以及滤板等组成。筒体一端的法兰外圈加工有均布的凹槽和凸台, 在凸台侧面焊有斜铁块; 锁紧环为一整体锻件, 一侧与固定封头法兰卡牢, 另一侧也加工有凹槽和凸台。并在凸台内侧焊有斜铁块。当筒体的凸台对准锁紧环的凹槽时, 筒体法兰就可插入锁紧环内, 在两个短油缸的作用下, 锁紧环转动, 它们之间的斜铁块逐渐卡紧, 产生轴向压力, 使固定封头与筒体之间的密封条压紧, 形成一个密闭的压力容器。罐体内设有集液管, 24块滤板插放在集液管上。集液管的一端与固定封头出口相焊接, 另一端由滚轮支撑在筒体下部的滑轨上。滤液通过滤板从集液管排出。滤板的两侧边框与振动杆用螺栓和夹子分别固定, 振动杆与罐体外部的2台振荡器相连, 并用填料盒密封振动杆。振荡器, 在卸滤饼前短时分别振动, 将滤饼振松抖落入滤渣槽内。滤板设计成中间用型钢支撑、两端面用多孔板组焊而成, 多孔板外侧面焊有不锈钢丝网, 钢丝网目数可根据用户过滤介质的固相颗粒度来选定, 达到过滤介质的目的。3. 2 支架
支架是叶片式压力过滤机的支撑部件。它是
由型材组成的可拆卸的矩形框架, 支架的4根立柱固定在基础上, 支架一端用螺栓固定着封头。支架的两根上梁是由大工字钢与立柱把合, 工字钢又作为滑车的行走轨道, 通过4个滑车将筒体悬挂在支架上, 滑车下部有螺栓, 用来调整筒体的水平度, 便于锁紧环与筒体法兰的配合。3. 3 液压系统
液压系统由液压站、油管线、两个短油缸及1个长油缸等组成。液压站启动后产生油压, 通过操作手柄, 可控制短、长油缸的伸缩。短油缸的一端与固定封头联接, 另一端与琐紧环联接, 油缸的伸缩可带动锁紧环转动, 锁紧环的上下转动可将筒体锁紧或打开。长油缸设置在支架的上部, 一端固定在支架上, 另一端与筒体的小支架联接, 油缸伸出, 推动滑车、筒体移开, 油缸回缩将筒体回位。
3. 4 气路系统
气路系统由振荡器、振动杆、管路组成。两台振荡器在压缩空气的作用下, 可达到每分钟2000次的振动频率, 通过振动杆带动滤板分别振动, 达到振松抖落滤饼。4 结束语
55m 2叶片式压力过滤机已制造了3台, 经在1997年11月对新疆独山子炼油厂添加剂车间在用两台设备的监测, 各项性能指标均达到了设计要求。该机的开发成功不仅填补了国内空白, 又为取代板框式过滤机和水平剖分式叶滤机、替代进口产品作了有益的探索。
(收稿日期:1998 03 03)
(上接第35页)
表2 焊接工艺参数
焊接位置机架连接件填料箱法兰轴架副座
焊条牌号A302A132A132
电 流
A 90~16090~14090~140
电 压V 22~2422~2422~24
4 结束语
采用以上方法制造的搅拌轴, 保证了搅拌釜中填料密封处摆动#0. 3mm, 轴下端摆动#0. 6mm, 两处摆动均小于0. 10mm, 满足设计要求。该搅拌釜投入使用后运行良好, 取得了满意的效果。
(收稿日期:1997 12 23, 修回日期:1998 03 13)
Key Words:Fault Diagnosis, Axle Center T r ail, Rotat ing M achinery, Diagram T reatment
The flexibili ty standardi z ati on m ethod of the stress strength factors at the points of the surface cracks i n thick autofrettaged cylinders. Y in Xieping, Wu Jingsheng, li Y u jiang (Changsha Chemical M achiner y Plant, Changsha, Hu nan, China) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(29)
T he stress streng th factors at the points of sur face cracks in t hick autofrettag ed cylinders were standardized in hydraulic fat igue ex periments by using flexibilit y st andardiza tion method, the results show that this w as an efficient method for calculating the stress strength factors at the points of the surface cracks.
Key Words:T hick Cylinder, Surface Crack, Stress Strength Factor , Flex ibility
D esign and manufacture of stirring shafts of powerful m ulti layer sti rrers. Y ang Jianbing (Beijing Organic Chemical Plant, Beijing, China) &&&&&&&&&&&&&(34)
T he pr ocessing technology of the stirring shafts of pow erful multi layer st irrers were presented, the new technology made the values of the radial swing and the ax ial bottom swing at the seal o f the stirrer easily to be contro lled w ithin t he desig n range.
Key Words:Stirrer, Stirring Shaft, Deflection, Eccen tr icit y Value
C rack repair of ZH62Zn38electr ode copper ti les. Wang L inxiang(Repair Division, K unyang P hosphate F er til izer Plant, Jinning, Y unnan, China) &&&&&&&(36)
T he welding repair technology and method of copper t ile cracks were presented.
Key Words:Cast ing Electro de Copper T ile, Welding, Welding T echnology
Two phase fl ow measurement on sieve trays the appl ication of hot film anem om eters. Zhang Yazhi, Wang X iaoling, Zeng Aiw u, W ang Zhongcheng, Huang Jie(T ianjin U niversity, T ianjin, China) &&&&&&&&&&&(38)
It w as presented of the measur ement of the gas liquid t wo phase flow on sieve trays by using hot film anemome ters, the ident ification and standar dization of the measure ment signals of the hot film anemometers suitable for gas liq uid two phase flow on sieve trays were discussed, the mea surement results of the flow fields and the ratio of air content on sieve trays were g iven.
Key Words:Hot Film Anemo meter, Sieve T ray, T wo Phase Flow , F low Speed, Ratio of A ir Contert
Appl ication of the i nternal stress relax method in cor recting the rotors i n high pressure turbines. L ei Qix in(Re search Institute of M achiner y T echnology, L iaoyang Petro chemical Fiber Industr y Corpo ration, L iaoyang, L iaoning, China) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(41)
A n eng ineering ex ample of application of the internal stress relax method in co rrecting the rotors in hig h pressure turbines was presented, including the desig n and technology process of t he special cor recting dev ices. T he corrected rotors confor med with the demands and were in good operation.
Key Words:Rotor , Correction, T urbine Laser i ntensifi cation of the components of combi ned val ves in m ethylamine pumps. Shi Shihong (South Centr al
Institute of T echnology, Heng yang , Hunan, China) &(44)
T he laser melting and covering technology was used to intensify the seal surfaces of the components of the co mbined valves of methylamine pumps in the production line of ur ea. T he surface intensified with laser was smooth, its processing o ver measure w as small, its body had not deformation, the composition o f laser melting and covering layer was dense, its crystal gr ain sizes w er e small, its hardness, streng th, and toughness were higher , some defects, such as holes, cracks, and impurities were eliminated.
Key Words:L aser M elting and Covering, Co mbined Valve, Sur face Mo dification
R etrofit of cyclone dust rem overs for gas stations. Chen Shaowu(Guixi Smelter, Guix i, Jiang xi, China) &&&(46)
T he structur e characterist ics of the cyclone dust re movers for gas stat ions were analysed, some retrofits were made for their inconvenience.
Key Wor ds:Cyclone Dust Remover, Dust Remo ving Ef ficiency, Structure Retrofit
C athodi c protection of under ground s torage tanks i n a sand m edi um . Zeng Rensen, Chen Wenping , Huang Changhui, Wu Jialin, L u A ping (F ujian R esearch Institute of Material Structure of the Chinese Science Academy , Xiamen, Fujian, China) Feng Yang (Xiamen Caol Gas Company, Xia men, Fujian, China) &&&&&&&&&&&&&(49)
A cathodic protection method w as conducted for under g round storage tanks in a sand medium by using external coatings and sacrifice anode. T he ano dic locations, the r esis tiv ity of t he sand medium surronding the storage tanks and the chang es of t he resistivity w ith various depths were major factors affecting the cathodic protectio n,
Key Words :Catho dic Protection, Sand M edium, Resis tiv ity, U nderg round Storage T ank
Application of m athem atical simulation in the desi gn of spraying and drying apparatus. Liao Chuanhua, Huang Zhenr en, G u Haiming (N anjing U niversity of Chemical T ech nology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China) Sun Guoyou, L i Chuanbao (Zhejiang U niversity, Hang zhou, Zhejiang , China) &(52)
A mathematical model of r eflecting the operation process o f spraying and dry ing w as established throug h the analyses o f the operating condition betw een the fog part icles and dry ing mediums in spraying dryers, and the wind field flow char acter istics. It was conv enient fo r determining the optimum controlling parameters in the oper ation of spraying dr yers.
Key W ords:M athematical Simulation, Spraying Dryer, Design
F eas i ble analysi s of preventing stress corros i on of li q ui d am moni a spheri cal tanks of high strength steel. Zhang Chunnan, Wang Zhiwen (East China U niversity of Science and T echnology , Shanghai, China) &&&&&&&&(55)
T he feasibility was discussed of prev enting str ess corro sion of liquid ammonia spher ical tanks of CF 62hig h strength steel and some solutions w ere pr oposed for the stress corro sion cracking occur ring at the welding seams and heat affect ed zones, the corr osion resistant mechanism, mechanical per formance, spraying coat ings were analysed.
Key Wor ds:High Strength CF62Steel, Spher ical T ank, Heat Spraying, L iquid Ammonia