虚 拟 语 气
第一节 语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。
第二节 虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
第三节 虚拟语气在条件句中
１． 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.
如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．
２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用
一、虚拟语气在主语从句中
A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 （should可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
二、用于宾语从句
用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 , , order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.
注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．
He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.
他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．
三、用于表语从句和同位语从句
在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略．
My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。
第五节 虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．
It’s high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。
2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊；但愿)；
2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示；
If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！
2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如：
If only I had listened to the doctor’s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。
3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句 也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望
3.1 表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后+主语+
I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。
I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。
I would prefer he didn’t stay here too long.
我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。
3.2 表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。例如：
I would rather I hadn’t seen that film yesterday.
我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。
4. as if ( as though) 看起来 even if ( even though)即使 常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done)，would/could +动词原形。例如：
The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。（act与were发生在同一时间平面上）
He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there发生在talkes之前) 他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。
She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 发生) 她常常讲起来没完没了。
5. 虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)＋动词原形"或"should＋动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用"should＋动词原形"。例如：
He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。
He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。
6.wish 后面的宾语从句中， 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为： 表现在 过去时 (表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望)
I wish I were a bird. （were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上）
表过去 过去完成时 （从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词）
I wish you had come to our Christmas party.
表将来 would, might, could＋动词原形 （从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在） I wish that the rain could stop soon.
虚拟语气专项练习
1. Jack wishes that he _____ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. studied B. had been studying
C. study D. had studied
2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had lost B. would lose
C. would have lost D. should have lost
3. It is essential that these application forms _____ back as early as possible.
A. must be sent B. are sen
C. will be sent D. be sent
4. It is important that the hotel receptionist _____ that guests are registered correctly.
A. has made sure B. must make sure
C. made sure D. make sure
5. It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.
A. must be sent B. be sent
C. would be sent D. were sent
6. It's necessary _____ the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will return B. that he return
C. that he returned D. that he has to return
7. It is important that enough money _____ to fund the project.
A. be collected B. was collected
C. must be collected D. can be collected
8. I don't think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned B. be assigned
C. will be assigned D. has been assigned
9. The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A. would present B. present
C. ought to present D. presents
10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _____.
A. be put off B. should put off
C. was put off D. is to put off
11. You _____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A. shouldn't have been following B. mustn't follow
C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't follow
12. The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office.
A. does not work B. had not worked
C. not to work D. did not work
13. Wouldn't you rather your child _____ to bed early?
A. go B. would go
C. went D. goes
14. I'd rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. don't B. didn't
C. wouldn't D. shouldn't
15. Mike's uncle insists _____ in this hotel.
A. staying not B. that he would not stay
C. not to stay D. that he not stay
16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense.
A. had been taken B. be taken
C. would be taken D. to be taken
17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _____ after 11:00 p.m.
A. not to play loud music B. don't play loud music
C. shouldn't play loud music D. couldn't paly load music
18. We desire that the tour leader ____ us immediately of any change in plans.
A. inform B. informs
C. informed D. has informed
19. He suggested _____ to tomorrow's exhibition together.
A. us to go B. we shall go
C. we went D. we go
20. Sometimes I wish I _____ in a different time and a different place.
A. be living B. would live
C. were living D. would have lived
21. I wish I _____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. might have slept
C. slept D. have slept
22. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get B. had got
C. were to get D. could have got
23. If the whole operation ____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned B. had not been planned
C. has not been planned D. were not planned
24. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.
A. must have got through B. would get through
C. would have got through D. could get through
25. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving
C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive
26. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A. Would she leave B. Were she to leave C. If she leaves D. If she had left
27. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been
28. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
A. Had it not been B. Weren't it C. It were not D. Had not it been
29. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.
A. isn't B. weren't C. wasn't D. hadn't been
30. If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.
A. wouldn't be smiling B. won't smile C. couldn't have smiled D. didn't smile
31. We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.
A. would have telephoned B. would telephone
C. must have telephoned D. had telephoned
32. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.
A. would have been here B. should be here
C. had to be here D. would be here
33. Some women ____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.
A. must make B. should have made
C. would make D. could have made
34. We _____ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.
A. have hoped B. had hoped
C. would hope D. should hope
35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.
A. injure B. injured
C. had injured D. would injure
36. "You are very selfish. It's high time you _______ that you are not the most important person in the world", Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. realized B. realize
C. have realized D. should realize
37. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ?
A. we are going home B. we went home
C. we go home D. we can go home
38. If only the committee _____ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
A. approve B. can approve
C. will approve D. would approve
39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice.
A. follow B. would follow
C. had followed D. have followed
40. I'm sure he is up to the job ____ he would give his mind to it.
A. if only B. in case
C. until D. unless 虚拟语气历年高考题
1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. (2012 湖南)
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
2. If my car ____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. （2012 陕西）
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
3. We ____ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? （2012 北京）
A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced
4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday. （2012 福建）
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
5. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ____ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. (2012 安徽)
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live
6. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.（2009 福建）
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.（2008 山东）
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
8. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （2006 湖北）
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
9. --- Do you mind if I open the window?
--- ____ I feel a bit cold. （2004 广东）
A. Of course not. B. I’d rather you didn’t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?
10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. （2002 上海）
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
11. What would have happened ____, as far as the riverbank? （2001 上海）
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
12. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal. （2001 上海春）
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
13. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now. （2000 上海）
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
14. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ___ , too cold for us to live. （1997 上海）
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
15. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___ in turn, you ____ so tired. （1996 上海）
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
16. _____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. （1995 上海）
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
17. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination. （1994 上海）
A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has
18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. （1994 全国）
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
19. ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. （1994 上海）
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
20. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years. (1993 上海)
A. should be B. would be C. have be D. had been
21. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day. (2008 全国)
A．rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining
22. They ___ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. (2007 山东)
A. had got B. got C. have got D. get
23. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he ___ to Miami but to New York?
--- I agree, but the problem is ___ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy 浙江)
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
25. John went to the hospital alone. If he ____ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010 天津)
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
26. ---- The weather has been very hot and dry.
---- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ________. （2010北京）
A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died
27. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he____ more on its culture. （2010江苏）
A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
28. If we _____ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. （2010陕西）
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
29. --- Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. --- I _____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (2011 福建34’)
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
30. — Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined．
— I wish they ____ always late．(2011北京，28)
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been
答案与解析
1. D
译文：杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史。
本句是wish 后接虚拟语气的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。
其主要形式有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式；
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+had+过去分词；
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+would+动词原形。
2. C
译文：数以百万计的相关计算，如果由人工操作的话，到计算完成时早已失去其实用价值。
本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构的用法。由省略if 的从句(had they been done by hand)中的时态可知，C为正确答案。
3. D
译文：这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。在It is important/necessary/… that-clause 结构中，that 从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。这一结构是否用虚拟语气取决于主句It is important/… that 中的形容词（如本句中的important ）。
4. D
译文：旅馆接待员必须确保旅客登记正确，这点是很重要的。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
5. B
译文：申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
6. B
译文：他必须马上归还字典。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
7. A
译文：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
8. B
译文：汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的。
本句涉及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。在以it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。这一结构中的虚拟用法主要取决于作补语的形容词 advisable。
9. B
译文：大家都接受了让市长发奖的建议。
本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。英语中在表示命令、建议、劝告、愿望、要求等词后所接的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。常用的这类词有suggestion, advise, order, recommendation, requirement, command, proposal等名词。
10. A
译文：我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议。
本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。
11. A
译文：你本不该跟他跟得这么紧；你本该保持一定距离的。
本句涉及----暗含虚拟句。“should/ought not+ have+ 过去分词”表示“本不应该做某事，但却做了”，含有某种责备的口气。“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示“本应该做某事，却未做”。
例如：You should have returned the book last week. 你本来应该上周就该归还这本书。（但上周并未还）
12. D
译文：经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室上班。
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。在would rather,would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。其形式为：
① “would rather ( would sooner … ）＋主语＋谓语动词过去时”表示现在或将来的情况。
② “would rather ( would sooner … ）＋主语＋过去完成时”表示过去的情况。
13. C
译文：你为何不让你的孩子早点睡觉？
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。
14. B
译文：我倒是希望你对这个问题先别发表什么看法。
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。英语中在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。
15. D
麦克的叔叔坚持他不留在旅馆里。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。动词insist 后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语为“should+动词原形（should 常省略）”。常这样用的词有：command, desire, demand, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest 等。
16. B
译文：我作为武装部队的总司令命令采取一切措施进行防御。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
17. C
译文：旅馆的经理恳请客人晚上11点后，音乐声不要放得太响。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
18. A
译文：我们要求导游立刻告诉我们计划有什么变动。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
19. D
译文：他建议我们一块去看明天的展览。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
20. C
译文：我有时希望自己生活在另一个时代和另一个地方。
本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。其主要形式有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式；
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词；
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形。
21. A
译文：我真希望今天早上能多睡一会儿，可我不得不起床去上课。
本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。
22. C
译文：琼不想马上就工作，她想要是找了工作就不能马上探访朋友了。
本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用“were to +动词原形或should +动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用“should (第一人称), would (第二、三人称)+动词原形”。
23. B
译文：要是整个手术当时没有预先计划好的话，大量的金钱和时间就白花了。
本句涉及if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法，表示与过去事实相反的假设。与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should 或 would +have+过去分词”。
24. C
译文：他当时学习努力的话，这次考试就通过了。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。
答案：
25. D
译文：我们后天走，要是他们在这之前到达，我们就可以痛痛快快地撮一顿。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。
26. B
译文：她要是现在就走的话，星期天就到那儿了。
本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用"were to +动词原形或should +动词原形"，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）, would （第二、三人称）+动词原形”。如从句中省去if ，主谓要用倒装结构。
27. C
译文：我当时要是没生病的话，就帮他了。
本句涉及省略if的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it were not for… 表示与现在事实相反的假设。从本句的主句来判断，这是一句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if,也不能倒装。
28. A
译文：要不是你偷懒，你现在就已经完成任务了。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，从本句的主句来判断，这是一与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were , had 或should 时，既不能省略if ，也不能倒装。
29. B
译文：要是不太麻烦的话，就给我来杯茶吧。
本句涉及if条件句中的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。在与现在事实相反的非真实条件句中，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）＋动词原形，would （第二、三人称）＋动词原形”，但在美国英语中，主句所有人称都用would。主句中也用“could 或might+动词原形”。
30. A
译文：当你掉下来时，如果不是我在梯子下面把你接住，恐怕约就不会这样笑了。
本句涉及if 引导的混合型虚拟条件句。通常情况下，在非真实条件句中的主句和从句所指时间是一致的，但有时也指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。本句中，从句是对过去发生事情的假设，主句是对现在情况的假设。
31. A
译文：我们不知道他的电话号码，否则，我们会打电话给他.
本句涉及含蓄虚拟条件句。有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。除了otherwise外，常用的其他词或短语有：without, but for, but that,or,but等。
32. A
译文：他准是出事了，否则，他已经到这儿了。
本句涉及含蓄虚拟条件句。
33. D
译文：如果不呆在家里，有些妇女本可获得可观的薪水，但是为了家庭，她们才决定不去工作。
本句涉及由but引导的暗含虚拟语气的用法。but 前面主句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，but 后的并列句用陈述语气。其形式为：情态动词“should(ought to,could,might) + have done " ，表示该动作本来应该发生而实际并未发生，含有某种责怪的口气。
34. B
译文：我们原本就希望开业，可是钱总是不够。
本句涉及一特殊句型的虚拟语气形式。动词be, intend, mean, plan, want, hope等的过去完成式加动词不定式或这些词的过去式加动词不定式的完成时也可视为虚拟语气结构，表示“过去想做而没有做的事”。
35. A
译文：疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以防他自杀。
本句涉及连词lest 引导的虚拟语气的用法。连接词in case, lest, for fear that 可用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为:“… lest (in case, for fear that) +主语+should+动词原形”。lest, for fear that句中的should 可以省去，in case 句中的should 通常不省去，但是in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest, for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。
36. A
译文：埃德加怒气冲冲地对老板说：“你太自私了。你也该想想你到底有什么了不起。”
本句涉及一特殊句型中的虚拟语气。在“It is (high / about ) time (that)…”句型中要求用虚拟语气形式，从句中常用过去式，意为“该是… … 的时候了”。例如：
It is time (that) we had classes. 我们该上课了。
It is high time (that) the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。
37. B
译文：现在已经5点了，你不认为我们该回家了吗？
本句涉及“It is (high /about) time (that)...”句型中的虚拟语气形式。
38. D
译文：要是委员会尽快批准这些规章制度并付诸实施就好了。
本句涉及if only 引导的虚拟语气形式。在"if only"引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气结构，表示愿望。其形式为：
1)表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望：动词过去时或“would / could ＋动词原形”;
2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望：had + done 。
39. C
译文：看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听了你的劝告该多好。
本句涉及if only 引导的虚拟语气形式。
40. A
译文：要是他用心去做，我肯定他能胜任这个工作。
本句是if only 引导虚拟语气的用法。until和unless通常不和would 连用；in case 通常与should 连用；"if only"引导的感叹句通常要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。1)用过去时或“would/could +动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。2)过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。但是only if 也可用于虚拟条件句中。
历年高考题答案：
1-5 DBCDD 6-10 BBBBB 11-15 CDCAD
16-20 CBDBD 21-25ABBAD 26-30 DBBDA
11
虚 拟 语 气
第一节 语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。
第二节 虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
第三节 虚拟语气在条件句中
１． 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.
如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．
２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用
一、虚拟语气在主语从句中
A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 （should可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
二、用于宾语从句
用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 , , order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.
注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．
He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.
他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．
三、用于表语从句和同位语从句
在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略．
My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。
第五节 虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．
It’s high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。
2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊；但愿)；
2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示；
If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！
2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如：
If only I had listened to the doctor’s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。
3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句 也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望
3.1 表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后+主语+
I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。
I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。
I would prefer he didn’t stay here too long.
我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。
3.2 表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。例如：
I would rather I hadn’t seen that film yesterday.
我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。
4. as if ( as though) 看起来 even if ( even though)即使 常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done)，would/could +动词原形。例如：
The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。（act与were发生在同一时间平面上）
He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there发生在talkes之前) 他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。
She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 发生) 她常常讲起来没完没了。
5. 虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)＋动词原形"或"should＋动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用"should＋动词原形"。例如：
He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。
He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。
6.wish 后面的宾语从句中， 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为： 表现在 过去时 (表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望)
I wish I were a bird. （were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上）
表过去 过去完成时 （从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词）
I wish you had come to our Christmas party.
表将来 would, might, could＋动词原形 （从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在） I wish that the rain could stop soon.
虚拟语气专项练习
1. Jack wishes that he _____ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. studied B. had been studying
C. study D. had studied
2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had lost B. would lose
C. would have lost D. should have lost
3. It is essential that these application forms _____ back as early as possible.
A. must be sent B. are sen
C. will be sent D. be sent
4. It is important that the hotel receptionist _____ that guests are registered correctly.
A. has made sure B. must make sure
C. made sure D. make sure
5. It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.
A. must be sent B. be sent
C. would be sent D. were sent
6. It's necessary _____ the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will return B. that he return
C. that he returned D. that he has to return
7. It is important that enough money _____ to fund the project.
A. be collected B. was collected
C. must be collected D. can be collected
8. I don't think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned B. be assigned
C. will be assigned D. has been assigned
9. The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A. would present B. present
C. ought to present D. presents
10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _____.
A. be put off B. should put off
C. was put off D. is to put off
11. You _____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A. shouldn't have been following B. mustn't follow
C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't follow
12. The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office.
A. does not work B. had not worked
C. not to work D. did not work
13. Wouldn't you rather your child _____ to bed early?
A. go B. would go
C. went D. goes
14. I'd rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. don't B. didn't
C. wouldn't D. shouldn't
15. Mike's uncle insists _____ in this hotel.
A. staying not B. that he would not stay
C. not to stay D. that he not stay
16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense.
A. had been taken B. be taken
C. would be taken D. to be taken
17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _____ after 11:00 p.m.
A. not to play loud music B. don't play loud music
C. shouldn't play loud music D. couldn't paly load music
18. We desire that the tour leader ____ us immediately of any change in plans.
A. inform B. informs
C. informed D. has informed
19. He suggested _____ to tomorrow's exhibition together.
A. us to go B. we shall go
C. we went D. we go
20. Sometimes I wish I _____ in a different time and a different place.
A. be living B. would live
C. were living D. would have lived
21. I wish I _____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. might have slept
C. slept D. have slept
22. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get B. had got
C. were to get D. could have got
23. If the whole operation ____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned B. had not been planned
C. has not been planned D. were not planned
24. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.
A. must have got through B. would get through
C. would have got through D. could get through
25. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving
C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive
26. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A. Would she leave B. Were she to leave C. If she leaves D. If she had left
27. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been
28. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
A. Had it not been B. Weren't it C. It were not D. Had not it been
29. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.
A. isn't B. weren't C. wasn't D. hadn't been
30. If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.
A. wouldn't be smiling B. won't smile C. couldn't have smiled D. didn't smile
31. We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.
A. would have telephoned B. would telephone
C. must have telephoned D. had telephoned
32. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.
A. would have been here B. should be here
C. had to be here D. would be here
33. Some women ____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.
A. must make B. should have made
C. would make D. could have made
34. We _____ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.
A. have hoped B. had hoped
C. would hope D. should hope
35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.
A. injure B. injured
C. had injured D. would injure
36. "You are very selfish. It's high time you _______ that you are not the most important person in the world", Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. realized B. realize
C. have realized D. should realize
37. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ?
A. we are going home B. we went home
C. we go home D. we can go home
38. If only the committee _____ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
A. approve B. can approve
C. will approve D. would approve
39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice.
A. follow B. would follow
C. had followed D. have followed
40. I'm sure he is up to the job ____ he would give his mind to it.
A. if only B. in case
C. until D. unless 虚拟语气历年高考题
1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. (2012 湖南)
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
2. If my car ____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. （2012 陕西）
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
3. We ____ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? （2012 北京）
A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced
4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday. （2012 福建）
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
5. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ____ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. (2012 安徽)
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live
6. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.（2009 福建）
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.（2008 山东）
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
8. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （2006 湖北）
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
9. --- Do you mind if I open the window?
--- ____ I feel a bit cold. （2004 广东）
A. Of course not. B. I’d rather you didn’t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?
10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. （2002 上海）
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
11. What would have happened ____, as far as the riverbank? （2001 上海）
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
12. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal. （2001 上海春）
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
13. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now. （2000 上海）
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
14. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ___ , too cold for us to live. （1997 上海）
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
15. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___ in turn, you ____ so tired. （1996 上海）
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
16. _____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. （1995 上海）
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
17. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination. （1994 上海）
A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has
18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. （1994 全国）
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
19. ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. （1994 上海）
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
20. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years. (1993 上海)
A. should be B. would be C. have be D. had been
21. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day. (2008 全国)
A．rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining
22. They ___ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. (2007 山东)
A. had got B. got C. have got D. get
23. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he ___ to Miami but to New York?
--- I agree, but the problem is ___ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy 浙江)
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
25. John went to the hospital alone. If he ____ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010 天津)
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
26. ---- The weather has been very hot and dry.
---- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ________. （2010北京）
A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died
27. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he____ more on its culture. （2010江苏）
A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
28. If we _____ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. （2010陕西）
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
29. --- Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. --- I _____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (2011 福建34’)
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
30. — Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined．
— I wish they ____ always late．(2011北京，28)
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been
答案与解析
1. D
译文：杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史。
本句是wish 后接虚拟语气的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。
其主要形式有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式；
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+had+过去分词；
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+would+动词原形。
2. C
译文：数以百万计的相关计算，如果由人工操作的话，到计算完成时早已失去其实用价值。
本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构的用法。由省略if 的从句(had they been done by hand)中的时态可知，C为正确答案。
3. D
译文：这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。在It is important/necessary/… that-clause 结构中，that 从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。这一结构是否用虚拟语气取决于主句It is important/… that 中的形容词（如本句中的important ）。
4. D
译文：旅馆接待员必须确保旅客登记正确，这点是很重要的。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
5. B
译文：申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
6. B
译文：他必须马上归还字典。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
7. A
译文：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
8. B
译文：汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的。
本句涉及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。在以it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。这一结构中的虚拟用法主要取决于作补语的形容词 advisable。
9. B
译文：大家都接受了让市长发奖的建议。
本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。英语中在表示命令、建议、劝告、愿望、要求等词后所接的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。常用的这类词有suggestion, advise, order, recommendation, requirement, command, proposal等名词。
10. A
译文：我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议。
本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。
11. A
译文：你本不该跟他跟得这么紧；你本该保持一定距离的。
本句涉及----暗含虚拟句。“should/ought not+ have+ 过去分词”表示“本不应该做某事，但却做了”，含有某种责备的口气。“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示“本应该做某事，却未做”。
例如：You should have returned the book last week. 你本来应该上周就该归还这本书。（但上周并未还）
12. D
译文：经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室上班。
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。在would rather,would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。其形式为：
① “would rather ( would sooner … ）＋主语＋谓语动词过去时”表示现在或将来的情况。
② “would rather ( would sooner … ）＋主语＋过去完成时”表示过去的情况。
13. C
译文：你为何不让你的孩子早点睡觉？
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。
14. B
译文：我倒是希望你对这个问题先别发表什么看法。
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。英语中在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。
15. D
麦克的叔叔坚持他不留在旅馆里。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。动词insist 后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语为“should+动词原形（should 常省略）”。常这样用的词有：command, desire, demand, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest 等。
16. B
译文：我作为武装部队的总司令命令采取一切措施进行防御。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
17. C
译文：旅馆的经理恳请客人晚上11点后，音乐声不要放得太响。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
18. A
译文：我们要求导游立刻告诉我们计划有什么变动。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
19. D
译文：他建议我们一块去看明天的展览。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
20. C
译文：我有时希望自己生活在另一个时代和另一个地方。
本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。其主要形式有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式；
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词；
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形。
21. A
译文：我真希望今天早上能多睡一会儿，可我不得不起床去上课。
本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。
22. C
译文：琼不想马上就工作，她想要是找了工作就不能马上探访朋友了。
本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用“were to +动词原形或should +动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用“should (第一人称), would (第二、三人称)+动词原形”。
23. B
译文：要是整个手术当时没有预先计划好的话，大量的金钱和时间就白花了。
本句涉及if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法，表示与过去事实相反的假设。与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should 或 would +have+过去分词”。
24. C
译文：他当时学习努力的话，这次考试就通过了。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。
答案：
25. D
译文：我们后天走，要是他们在这之前到达，我们就可以痛痛快快地撮一顿。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。
26. B
译文：她要是现在就走的话，星期天就到那儿了。
本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用"were to +动词原形或should +动词原形"，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）, would （第二、三人称）+动词原形”。如从句中省去if ，主谓要用倒装结构。
27. C
译文：我当时要是没生病的话，就帮他了。
本句涉及省略if的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it were not for… 表示与现在事实相反的假设。从本句的主句来判断，这是一句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if,也不能倒装。
28. A
译文：要不是你偷懒，你现在就已经完成任务了。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，从本句的主句来判断，这是一与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were , had 或should 时，既不能省略if ，也不能倒装。
29. B
译文：要是不太麻烦的话，就给我来杯茶吧。
本句涉及if条件句中的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。在与现在事实相反的非真实条件句中，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）＋动词原形，would （第二、三人称）＋动词原形”，但在美国英语中，主句所有人称都用would。主句中也用“could 或might+动词原形”。
30. A
译文：当你掉下来时，如果不是我在梯子下面把你接住，恐怕约就不会这样笑了。
本句涉及if 引导的混合型虚拟条件句。通常情况下，在非真实条件句中的主句和从句所指时间是一致的，但有时也指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。本句中，从句是对过去发生事情的假设，主句是对现在情况的假设。
31. A
译文：我们不知道他的电话号码，否则，我们会打电话给他.
本句涉及含蓄虚拟条件句。有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。除了otherwise外，常用的其他词或短语有：without, but for, but that,or,but等。
32. A
译文：他准是出事了，否则，他已经到这儿了。
本句涉及含蓄虚拟条件句。
33. D
译文：如果不呆在家里，有些妇女本可获得可观的薪水，但是为了家庭，她们才决定不去工作。
本句涉及由but引导的暗含虚拟语气的用法。but 前面主句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，but 后的并列句用陈述语气。其形式为：情态动词“should(ought to,could,might) + have done " ，表示该动作本来应该发生而实际并未发生，含有某种责怪的口气。
34. B
译文：我们原本就希望开业，可是钱总是不够。
本句涉及一特殊句型的虚拟语气形式。动词be, intend, mean, plan, want, hope等的过去完成式加动词不定式或这些词的过去式加动词不定式的完成时也可视为虚拟语气结构，表示“过去想做而没有做的事”。
35. A
译文：疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以防他自杀。
本句涉及连词lest 引导的虚拟语气的用法。连接词in case, lest, for fear that 可用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为:“… lest (in case, for fear that) +主语+should+动词原形”。lest, for fear that句中的should 可以省去，in case 句中的should 通常不省去，但是in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest, for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。
36. A
译文：埃德加怒气冲冲地对老板说：“你太自私了。你也该想想你到底有什么了不起。”
本句涉及一特殊句型中的虚拟语气。在“It is (high / about ) time (that)…”句型中要求用虚拟语气形式，从句中常用过去式，意为“该是… … 的时候了”。例如：
It is time (that) we had classes. 我们该上课了。
It is high time (that) the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。
37. B
译文：现在已经5点了，你不认为我们该回家了吗？
本句涉及“It is (high /about) time (that)...”句型中的虚拟语气形式。
38. D
译文：要是委员会尽快批准这些规章制度并付诸实施就好了。
本句涉及if only 引导的虚拟语气形式。在"if only"引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气结构，表示愿望。其形式为：
1)表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望：动词过去时或“would / could ＋动词原形”;
2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望：had + done 。
39. C
译文：看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听了你的劝告该多好。
本句涉及if only 引导的虚拟语气形式。
40. A
译文：要是他用心去做，我肯定他能胜任这个工作。
本句是if only 引导虚拟语气的用法。until和unless通常不和would 连用；in case 通常与should 连用；"if only"引导的感叹句通常要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。1)用过去时或“would/could +动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。2)过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。但是only if 也可用于虚拟条件句中。
历年高考题答案：
1-5 DBCDD 6-10 BBBBB 11-15 CDCAD
16-20 CBDBD 21-25ABBAD 26-30 DBBDA
11