虚拟语气讲解
语气 (mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。 如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。
如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）
If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。
如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)； should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。
如： If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）
If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。（ 事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）
虚拟语气专练
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier you _____ him.
A. come ,would meet B. had come, would have met
C. come, will meet D. had come, would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone
8.Let’s say you could go there again how _____ feel
A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
10._____ the fog we should have reached our school.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.
A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes the game would have been called off.
A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. Should B. would C. do D. had
17.My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike
A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car —I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
22.If she could sew _____.
A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was, shall pay B. am, will pay C. would be, would pay D. were, would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C. have D. will have
29.It is strange that he _____ so.
A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak
30.Had I known her name _____
A. or does she know mine B. and where does she live
C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.
31.He has just arrived but he talks as if he _____ all about that.
A. know B. knows C. known D. knew
32.If I _____ the money I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had
33.He was very busy yesterday otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come
34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.
A. will take B. took C. take D. takes
35.I left very early last night but I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
A. had B. didn’t have C. had had D. have
37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
39. -- Helen couldn’t go to France after all.
--That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.
A. she’s gone B. she’ll go C. she’d gone D. she’d go
40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.
A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go
1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD 11—15 CDCAA 16—20 ACAAD 21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD 31—35 DDCCB 36—39 DCAC 解析：
1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。
4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。
6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。
7.could have done表示“本来可以”。
8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。
9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。
11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。
13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。
15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。
17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。
20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。
21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。
24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。
26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。
27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。
31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。
34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。
35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。
39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
虚拟语气讲解
语气 (mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。 如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。
如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）
If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。
如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)； should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。
如： If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）
If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。（ 事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）
虚拟语气专练
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier you _____ him.
A. come ,would meet B. had come, would have met
C. come, will meet D. had come, would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone
8.Let’s say you could go there again how _____ feel
A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
10._____ the fog we should have reached our school.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.
A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes the game would have been called off.
A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. Should B. would C. do D. had
17.My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike
A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car —I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
22.If she could sew _____.
A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was, shall pay B. am, will pay C. would be, would pay D. were, would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C. have D. will have
29.It is strange that he _____ so.
A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak
30.Had I known her name _____
A. or does she know mine B. and where does she live
C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.
31.He has just arrived but he talks as if he _____ all about that.
A. know B. knows C. known D. knew
32.If I _____ the money I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had
33.He was very busy yesterday otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come
34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.
A. will take B. took C. take D. takes
35.I left very early last night but I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
A. had B. didn’t have C. had had D. have
37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
39. -- Helen couldn’t go to France after all.
--That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.
A. she’s gone B. she’ll go C. she’d gone D. she’d go
40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.
A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go
1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD 11—15 CDCAA 16—20 ACAAD 21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD 31—35 DDCCB 36—39 DCAC 解析：
1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。
4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。
6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。
7.could have done表示“本来可以”。
8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。
9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。
11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。
13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。
15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。
17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。
20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。
21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。
24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。
26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。
27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。
31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。
34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。
35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。
39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。