高中英语短文改错讲解
一、短文改错题常见的常见错误类型
1.动词的时态和语态和语气误用。多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式,还有上下文的时态呼应,主从句的时态一致。
2.句子结构和句子完整性:关联词语的误用,关联词分并列连词 and,but,or,so,when等,从属连词——各种从句的引导词。关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识,还涉及至行文逻辑关系。短文改错题惯用的命题手法是:①and,but,or,so等之间的混用;②because与so并用;③although与but并用;④why 与because并用;⑤come与go混用;⑥here与there混用。
3.名词的单复数和主谓一致
4.介词
5词性错误:形容词和副词的混用及其比较级的使用。
6.冠词的多用,少用,混用。
7.连词和从句引导词。非限制性定语从句只能由which引导,题目中很可能会用that误导。
8.动词不定式和动名词作主语
9.固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词,有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配。
二、短文改错的解题技巧
1、利用排除法进行短文改错,所谓“排除法”就是在理解单句或短文大意基本把握住文章整体时态的前提下,行不离句,句不离文,将句子分成若干语段,逐一排除,使错误缩小到最小范围。再根据基础知识进行扩散性思考,从而快速找到答案。
2、发现有平行结构,就要检查是否有用词不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡错误。如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行结构是两个语法上相同的谓语,故应把drank改drinking.
3、发现有比较结构,就要检查是否有形容词、副词的比较级,比较的对象等方面的错误。如:In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根据上下文不难发现该句含“as„„as”结构的句子,所以应在many前加上as。
4、发现有转折、因果、对比等结构时,就要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误。如:His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文逻辑,应把buys 改sells.又如:I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英语中两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号,而要用合适的连词连接。故以上两个分句之间要加上连词while 表示对比。
5、发现句子有多重结构,就要检查是否有时态、语态、连词或成分短缺等错误。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .该句犯了连词重复使用的错误,应去掉immediately.
6、发现有特殊疑问句结构,就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误。如:---How many was the price of your car ?---I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英语中问价格时,可用what price 或how much 提问。回答时常用high price low price .所以应把句子中的How many 改为What ,把答句中cheap 改为low.
7、发现有名词和代词时,就要检查是否有数、所有格或指代不一致的错误。如:Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。
8、发现有固定短语时,就要检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误。如:Suddenly I caught a sight
of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看见)是固定词组,所以要去掉a.
9、发现并列主语、从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语,together with, as well as 等引导的成份修饰主语时,就要检查是否有主谓不一致的错误。如:Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主语也是playing football,其谓语动词应当用单数,故give应改为gives .
10、发现有特殊动词结构时,就要检查其特殊用法是否正确。如:He made me to post a letter for him .英语中的感官动词see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to 等,使役动词let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的复合宾语中,如果由不定式的短语作宾语补足语,不定式须省去to.故应去掉句中的to.
11、发现有非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语时,就要检查是否有非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致的错误。如;The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it .该句型中不定式to carry 逻辑上的宾语就是句子中的主语,所以句中的it是多余,应去掉。
三、单句练习
1、动词的时态和语态
1). It ‘s years since I come here for study.
2). I didn’t see my best friend for nearly two years.
3). We often played together when we are children.
4). I attended a celebration meeting hold by our school.
2、冠词
1). Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.
2). We went back to school and played the football
3). Today I have a wonderful news to tell you.
4). We lived under a same roof.
3、句子结构
1). Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play .
2). Although I still smile, but I am not happy.
3). The old man could do nothing and cry for help.
4). There may not be much choice between this one or that .
3、连词和从句引导词
1). This is all what I want to tell you.
2). He always reads newspapers , it helps to make the time pass more quickly.
3). I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work.
4). It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.
5、介词和副词
1). I will call on your office tomorrow.
2). There will be a sport meet in the evening of December 30.
3). My uncle immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.
4). I had to loop up to the same word many times in the dictionary.
6、名词的单复数和主谓一致
1). As is known to us all , remembering English words are not easy.
2). One and half year later.
3). What he said at the meeting were very important to us .
4). Tom , as well as his children ,are to visit Beijing this summer.
5). To deliver newspapers are a tiring job.
高中英语短文改错讲解
一、短文改错题常见的常见错误类型
1.动词的时态和语态和语气误用。多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式,还有上下文的时态呼应,主从句的时态一致。
2.句子结构和句子完整性:关联词语的误用,关联词分并列连词 and,but,or,so,when等,从属连词——各种从句的引导词。关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识,还涉及至行文逻辑关系。短文改错题惯用的命题手法是:①and,but,or,so等之间的混用;②because与so并用;③although与but并用;④why 与because并用;⑤come与go混用;⑥here与there混用。
3.名词的单复数和主谓一致
4.介词
5词性错误:形容词和副词的混用及其比较级的使用。
6.冠词的多用,少用,混用。
7.连词和从句引导词。非限制性定语从句只能由which引导,题目中很可能会用that误导。
8.动词不定式和动名词作主语
9.固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词,有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配。
二、短文改错的解题技巧
1、利用排除法进行短文改错,所谓“排除法”就是在理解单句或短文大意基本把握住文章整体时态的前提下,行不离句,句不离文,将句子分成若干语段,逐一排除,使错误缩小到最小范围。再根据基础知识进行扩散性思考,从而快速找到答案。
2、发现有平行结构,就要检查是否有用词不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡错误。如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行结构是两个语法上相同的谓语,故应把drank改drinking.
3、发现有比较结构,就要检查是否有形容词、副词的比较级,比较的对象等方面的错误。如:In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根据上下文不难发现该句含“as„„as”结构的句子,所以应在many前加上as。
4、发现有转折、因果、对比等结构时,就要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误。如:His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文逻辑,应把buys 改sells.又如:I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英语中两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号,而要用合适的连词连接。故以上两个分句之间要加上连词while 表示对比。
5、发现句子有多重结构,就要检查是否有时态、语态、连词或成分短缺等错误。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .该句犯了连词重复使用的错误,应去掉immediately.
6、发现有特殊疑问句结构,就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误。如:---How many was the price of your car ?---I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英语中问价格时,可用what price 或how much 提问。回答时常用high price low price .所以应把句子中的How many 改为What ,把答句中cheap 改为low.
7、发现有名词和代词时,就要检查是否有数、所有格或指代不一致的错误。如:Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。
8、发现有固定短语时,就要检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误。如:Suddenly I caught a sight
of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看见)是固定词组,所以要去掉a.
9、发现并列主语、从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语,together with, as well as 等引导的成份修饰主语时,就要检查是否有主谓不一致的错误。如:Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主语也是playing football,其谓语动词应当用单数,故give应改为gives .
10、发现有特殊动词结构时,就要检查其特殊用法是否正确。如:He made me to post a letter for him .英语中的感官动词see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to 等,使役动词let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的复合宾语中,如果由不定式的短语作宾语补足语,不定式须省去to.故应去掉句中的to.
11、发现有非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语时,就要检查是否有非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致的错误。如;The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it .该句型中不定式to carry 逻辑上的宾语就是句子中的主语,所以句中的it是多余,应去掉。
三、单句练习
1、动词的时态和语态
1). It ‘s years since I come here for study.
2). I didn’t see my best friend for nearly two years.
3). We often played together when we are children.
4). I attended a celebration meeting hold by our school.
2、冠词
1). Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.
2). We went back to school and played the football
3). Today I have a wonderful news to tell you.
4). We lived under a same roof.
3、句子结构
1). Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play .
2). Although I still smile, but I am not happy.
3). The old man could do nothing and cry for help.
4). There may not be much choice between this one or that .
3、连词和从句引导词
1). This is all what I want to tell you.
2). He always reads newspapers , it helps to make the time pass more quickly.
3). I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work.
4). It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.
5、介词和副词
1). I will call on your office tomorrow.
2). There will be a sport meet in the evening of December 30.
3). My uncle immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.
4). I had to loop up to the same word many times in the dictionary.
6、名词的单复数和主谓一致
1). As is known to us all , remembering English words are not easy.
2). One and half year later.
3). What he said at the meeting were very important to us .
4). Tom , as well as his children ,are to visit Beijing this summer.
5). To deliver newspapers are a tiring job.