常见逻辑衔接词总结
一．衔接词从作用上主要分为以下四类：起、承、转、合。
1．表示“起”的词语，用于开篇引出扩展句： at first最初 to begin with/in the firstly 第一 first place/to start with首先，第一 起初 for one thing…(for in the beginning 起初 another) 首先…（其first of all 首先 次）…
at present现在，当今 in general一般说来 presently 现在，此刻 generally speaking lately/recently最近 一般说来
currently 最近，目前 on the whole 总的说2．表示“承”的词语，用来承接上文：
at the same time同时 furthermore/moreover after a while 过了一what’s more此外，而会儿 且 meanwhile 同时 in addition to… by this time 此时 除…之外 after / after that / for another其次 afterwards 此后 certainly 无疑地，当from now on 从此 然地 later 后来 of course 当然 after a few days / obviously 明显的 years 几天/几年后 indeed 的确 at any rate 无论如何 consequently因此，结besides/in addition 果 此外 for example/for
3．表示“转”的词语，用来表示不同或相反的意见： after all毕竟 in particular特别地 anyway 无论如何 fortunatel幸运地… but 但是 unfortunately不幸by this time此时 地 even though 即使 in other words 换句though/althoug尽管 话说 despite 尽管…虽in spite of尽管…虽然… 然 nonetheless尽管如in the same way 同此 样地 in fact事实上 luckily幸运地 as a matter of fact whereas…然而 事实上 yet 然而，但是 especially 特别地… nevertheless 不过，
来
on the one hand…(on the other hand)
一方面…（另一方面） it goes without saying…不用说
it is said that…据说 a proverb goes well…俗话说的好
instance 例如 such as 正如 in fact 事实上
in the same manner / way 同样的 similarly同样的 in particular/
particularly 特别的 in other words换句话说
for this purpose为了这个目的
incidentally顺便提一句
虽然如此
no doubt无疑地 in / by contrast 对比之下
on the contrary相反地
conversely 相反地 on the other hand 另一方面
otherwise 否则 perhaps或许
unlike 不像…，和…不同
4．表示“合”的词语，用来小结上文或结束本段落的内容： accordingly于是 finally最后 by and large 一般来as a consequenc因此 briefly简单扼要的 说 consequently因此 in brief简言之 above all最重要 hence因此 in short 简言之 to speak frankly坦therefore因此 in summary 简要地说 白地说 thus 因此 in conclusion总之，frankly speaking坦as a result 结果 最后 白地说 as has been statedin a word总之 surely 无疑 如前所述 in sum 总之，简言之 no doubt毫无疑问 as above mentioned to sum up 总而言之 undoubtedly无疑 如上如述 to summarize总而言certainly无疑，肯定 as I have said如我之 truly的确 所述 to conclude总而言之 for this reason所以 at last 最后 all in all总而言之 obviously 显然 at length最后，终于 on the whole 总的来by doing so 如此 eventually 最后 说
二．衔接词从逻辑意义上主要分为以下十四类： ◆ 1. 表次序关系 laughs last.” first(ly) / first of all in the end First(ly) / First of all, “A good In the end, the president made a book is a good friend.” farewell speech. above all eventually Above all, remember to finish the Eventually, the man was released work today. from the prison. second(ly) / in the second place to conclude Second(ly) / In the second place, To conclude, lost time is never knowledge is power. found again. furthermore Furthermore, a little learning is ◆ 2. 表举例关系 a dangerous thing. moreover for example Moreover, it’s never too late to The government has reduced learn. spending in several areas, for finally example, education and health. Finally, “To open a book is for instance always beneficial.” You can’t depend on her, for last but not least instance, she arrived late for an Last but not least, wisdom in the important meeting yesterday. mind is better than money in the such as hand. He has some strange hobbies such lastly as collecting bottles. Lastly, “He laughs best who a case in point
There are many tourist attractions in Nanjing. Dr.Sun Yetsen’s Mausoleum is a case in point.
as follows
The reasons are as follows. including
There are five people, including two babies.
as an illustration
He is a kind person, as an illustration, he is always ready to help others. to illustrate
To illustrate, I will give you many examples. ◆ 3. 表转折关系 but
Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet . however
It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out. yet
She’s a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her. though He spoke firmly though pleasantly. even though
Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it. although
Although he is young, he knows a lot. even so It’s raining. Even so, we have to go out.
regardless of
The plane will take off, regardless of the weather. while
Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none. at the same time
This little girl can be very naughty but at the same time you can’t help liking her. despite He came to the meeting despite his illness. in spite of
I have to go to school in spite of the bad weather. still
It’s raining. Still, I have to go out.
nevertheless
I can’t go. Nevertheless, thank you for inviting me. notwithstanding Notwithstanding any other agreements, we will make a new contract with the firm. otherwise
The soup was too salty, but otherwise the meal was excellent. on the contrary
I thought he was a teacher, on the contrary, he was a student. ◆ 4. 表递进关系 in addition He needs our help. In addition, he requires emotional support. additionally I like playing chess, additionally, surfing the Internet is also my favorite. besides/also
A qualified teacher should have good manners. Beside, he should have extensive knowledge. as well The book tells about Mark Twain’s writings and about his life as well. moreover
The price is too high, and
moreover, the house isn’t in a suitable position. furthermore / further
The house is too small, and furthermore, it’s too far from the city. likewise You must pack warm clothes for the journey. Likewise, you’ll need plenty of food.
that is ( to say ) /in other words Your performance in the exam didn’t reach the required standard, that is ( to say ) /in other words, you failed. equally important
To run a company successfully, we should employ employees with a high sense of responsibility, and equally important, meet every need of the customers. what’s more
He is handsome, and what’s more, he is humorous. not only…but also The weather was not only cold, but also wet.
last but not least
Last but not least, I appreciate all your help. ◆ 5. 表过渡关系 as to /for You can have a bed, but as for her, she’ll have to sleep on the floor.
by the way
By the way, what channel did you watch on television last night? concerning
Concerning your request, I am pleased to inform you that… talking of
Talking of chemistry, he knows much about it. with reference to
With reference to any other problems during your study here, please let me know. with regard to
With regard to your future, you should make your own decision. as regards
I don’t quite agree with you as regards your idea. regarding
It’s a book regarding energy. incidentally I have to go now. Incidentally, if you want to borrow the book, I’ll bring it next time. ◆ 6. 表同位关系 that is
There are two girls, that is Lily and Lucy.
that is to say She is a very efficient secretary, that is to say, she never forgets anything or makes a mistake. namely We visit two famous cities, namely New York and London. in other words
You can’t imagine who will be killed finally. In other words, this movie has a dramatic ending. ◆ 7. 表推理关系 if so
If so, you will win. if not Say you are sorrow, if not, get out now. or else Wear your coat, or else you’ll be cold.
otherwise
Do it now. Otherwise, it will be too late.
under such circumstances
She may come to Shanghai, under such circumstances, you should stay here.
to put it more precisely
He has much money, to put it more precisely, he is wealthy. ◆ 8. 表因果关系 because(of)
I went back not because of the bad weather, but because I was feeling uncomfortable. hence
Very few people attended the meeting. Hence, we couldn’t make a decision. thus I’ve never been to America. Thus, I know very little about it. since
Since you can’t help me, I will ask someone else. now that
Now ( that ) David’s arrived, we can begin. so that
He speaks loudly so that everyone in the room could hear him. on account of
We had to stay inside on account of the rain. consequently
The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded. as a result
He worked very hard, and as a result he passed the last examination without effort. as a result of
He was killed as a result of traffic accident. accordingly
There are the rules. Please act accordingly. therefore
I don’t know much about America, therefore, I can’t advise you about it. so long as
You could make it so long as you work hard. so
I was feeling bad, so I went to bed.
owing to
Owing to lack of money, these transactions must now be delayed. due to
His failure was due to his lack of work.
thanks to
Thanks to his help, she succeeded in her career. ◆ 9. 表比较关系 instead
It’s too wet to walk, so we’ll go swimming instead. while
They have much money, while we have very little. equally
As a teacher, you should teach well, but equally, you should remember to study yourself. in comparison(with)
In comparison with Shanghai, Nanjing is small. in the same way
It is such a coincidence that we work the math problem out in the same way.
in contrast with/to
In contrast with / to your belief that we’ll fail, I know we will succeed.
on the contrary Before I took my new job, I thought that I would like it; on the
contrary, when I started it, I found it was terribly uninteresting. in/by contrast
It was cold yesterday, but in contrast it’s very hot today. ◆ 10. 表解释关系 namely
Only one person can do the job, namely you.
as a matter of fact
She doesn’t want to make friends with John, as a matter of fact, she hates him.
in other words They don’t have an extra bike for you, in other words, you should buy one yourself. in this case
In this case, I will go home. frankly speaking / to be frank Frankly speaking / To be frank, I don’t like you. ◆ 11. 表强调关系 of course
Of course I love you. indeed
I am indeed very glad to hear from you soon. above all
Above all, you should remember that where there is a will, there is a way.
most important
Most important, it is the best book for beginners.
with great emphasis(on)
He delivered a speech with great emphasis on the education. in fact
In fact, you are wrong. ◆ 12. 表选择关系 rather than
In fact, Lily should be praised rather than John. alternatively
You may go home. Alternatively, you can stay here. instead of You should be at school instead of lying here in bed. not…but
He is not a teacher but a student. whether…or
Please tell me whether or not you like it. either…or
The baby will be either a boy or a girl.
neither…nor
Neither my mother nor I were there.
◆ 13. 表时间关系 after a while After a while, he came back sadly. at length
At length he give his daughter leave to take a trip alone. at that time
At that time, I didn’t know her. eventually
Eventually we won the game. finally
Finally he gave to the public pressure. in the past
In the past, he was poor. meanwhile
They’ll be here in an hour. Meanwhile, we’ll have some coffee. presently
They are presently in the United States. so far
So far, he has been to Japanese more than 10 times. soon
The work will be finished soon. since
Since when has he had a beard? when
I jumped up when she called. then
We’ll be married by then. until
Wait until tomorrow. until now
They have not taken effective measures until now. ◆ 14. 表总结关系 in sum
In sum, the decision is to go ahead as planned. in summary
In summary, we’ve got to try to get further funding. to sum up / summarize
To sum up, he is a kind person. in conclusion
In conclusion, “A friend without faults will never be found.” to conclude
To conclude, study is the salt of life. on the whole
On the whole, it is easier to get money than to keep it. in all
In all, “A good beginning is half done.” all in all
All in all, we must fulfill the task on time. in short
In short, health is happiness. in brief
In brief, health is better than wealth. in a word
In a word, “A good fame is better than a good face.”
常见逻辑衔接词总结
一．衔接词从作用上主要分为以下四类：起、承、转、合。
1．表示“起”的词语，用于开篇引出扩展句： at first最初 to begin with/in the firstly 第一 first place/to start with首先，第一 起初 for one thing…(for in the beginning 起初 another) 首先…（其first of all 首先 次）…
at present现在，当今 in general一般说来 presently 现在，此刻 generally speaking lately/recently最近 一般说来
currently 最近，目前 on the whole 总的说2．表示“承”的词语，用来承接上文：
at the same time同时 furthermore/moreover after a while 过了一what’s more此外，而会儿 且 meanwhile 同时 in addition to… by this time 此时 除…之外 after / after that / for another其次 afterwards 此后 certainly 无疑地，当from now on 从此 然地 later 后来 of course 当然 after a few days / obviously 明显的 years 几天/几年后 indeed 的确 at any rate 无论如何 consequently因此，结besides/in addition 果 此外 for example/for
3．表示“转”的词语，用来表示不同或相反的意见： after all毕竟 in particular特别地 anyway 无论如何 fortunatel幸运地… but 但是 unfortunately不幸by this time此时 地 even though 即使 in other words 换句though/althoug尽管 话说 despite 尽管…虽in spite of尽管…虽然… 然 nonetheless尽管如in the same way 同此 样地 in fact事实上 luckily幸运地 as a matter of fact whereas…然而 事实上 yet 然而，但是 especially 特别地… nevertheless 不过，
来
on the one hand…(on the other hand)
一方面…（另一方面） it goes without saying…不用说
it is said that…据说 a proverb goes well…俗话说的好
instance 例如 such as 正如 in fact 事实上
in the same manner / way 同样的 similarly同样的 in particular/
particularly 特别的 in other words换句话说
for this purpose为了这个目的
incidentally顺便提一句
虽然如此
no doubt无疑地 in / by contrast 对比之下
on the contrary相反地
conversely 相反地 on the other hand 另一方面
otherwise 否则 perhaps或许
unlike 不像…，和…不同
4．表示“合”的词语，用来小结上文或结束本段落的内容： accordingly于是 finally最后 by and large 一般来as a consequenc因此 briefly简单扼要的 说 consequently因此 in brief简言之 above all最重要 hence因此 in short 简言之 to speak frankly坦therefore因此 in summary 简要地说 白地说 thus 因此 in conclusion总之，frankly speaking坦as a result 结果 最后 白地说 as has been statedin a word总之 surely 无疑 如前所述 in sum 总之，简言之 no doubt毫无疑问 as above mentioned to sum up 总而言之 undoubtedly无疑 如上如述 to summarize总而言certainly无疑，肯定 as I have said如我之 truly的确 所述 to conclude总而言之 for this reason所以 at last 最后 all in all总而言之 obviously 显然 at length最后，终于 on the whole 总的来by doing so 如此 eventually 最后 说
二．衔接词从逻辑意义上主要分为以下十四类： ◆ 1. 表次序关系 laughs last.” first(ly) / first of all in the end First(ly) / First of all, “A good In the end, the president made a book is a good friend.” farewell speech. above all eventually Above all, remember to finish the Eventually, the man was released work today. from the prison. second(ly) / in the second place to conclude Second(ly) / In the second place, To conclude, lost time is never knowledge is power. found again. furthermore Furthermore, a little learning is ◆ 2. 表举例关系 a dangerous thing. moreover for example Moreover, it’s never too late to The government has reduced learn. spending in several areas, for finally example, education and health. Finally, “To open a book is for instance always beneficial.” You can’t depend on her, for last but not least instance, she arrived late for an Last but not least, wisdom in the important meeting yesterday. mind is better than money in the such as hand. He has some strange hobbies such lastly as collecting bottles. Lastly, “He laughs best who a case in point
There are many tourist attractions in Nanjing. Dr.Sun Yetsen’s Mausoleum is a case in point.
as follows
The reasons are as follows. including
There are five people, including two babies.
as an illustration
He is a kind person, as an illustration, he is always ready to help others. to illustrate
To illustrate, I will give you many examples. ◆ 3. 表转折关系 but
Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet . however
It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out. yet
She’s a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her. though He spoke firmly though pleasantly. even though
Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it. although
Although he is young, he knows a lot. even so It’s raining. Even so, we have to go out.
regardless of
The plane will take off, regardless of the weather. while
Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none. at the same time
This little girl can be very naughty but at the same time you can’t help liking her. despite He came to the meeting despite his illness. in spite of
I have to go to school in spite of the bad weather. still
It’s raining. Still, I have to go out.
nevertheless
I can’t go. Nevertheless, thank you for inviting me. notwithstanding Notwithstanding any other agreements, we will make a new contract with the firm. otherwise
The soup was too salty, but otherwise the meal was excellent. on the contrary
I thought he was a teacher, on the contrary, he was a student. ◆ 4. 表递进关系 in addition He needs our help. In addition, he requires emotional support. additionally I like playing chess, additionally, surfing the Internet is also my favorite. besides/also
A qualified teacher should have good manners. Beside, he should have extensive knowledge. as well The book tells about Mark Twain’s writings and about his life as well. moreover
The price is too high, and
moreover, the house isn’t in a suitable position. furthermore / further
The house is too small, and furthermore, it’s too far from the city. likewise You must pack warm clothes for the journey. Likewise, you’ll need plenty of food.
that is ( to say ) /in other words Your performance in the exam didn’t reach the required standard, that is ( to say ) /in other words, you failed. equally important
To run a company successfully, we should employ employees with a high sense of responsibility, and equally important, meet every need of the customers. what’s more
He is handsome, and what’s more, he is humorous. not only…but also The weather was not only cold, but also wet.
last but not least
Last but not least, I appreciate all your help. ◆ 5. 表过渡关系 as to /for You can have a bed, but as for her, she’ll have to sleep on the floor.
by the way
By the way, what channel did you watch on television last night? concerning
Concerning your request, I am pleased to inform you that… talking of
Talking of chemistry, he knows much about it. with reference to
With reference to any other problems during your study here, please let me know. with regard to
With regard to your future, you should make your own decision. as regards
I don’t quite agree with you as regards your idea. regarding
It’s a book regarding energy. incidentally I have to go now. Incidentally, if you want to borrow the book, I’ll bring it next time. ◆ 6. 表同位关系 that is
There are two girls, that is Lily and Lucy.
that is to say She is a very efficient secretary, that is to say, she never forgets anything or makes a mistake. namely We visit two famous cities, namely New York and London. in other words
You can’t imagine who will be killed finally. In other words, this movie has a dramatic ending. ◆ 7. 表推理关系 if so
If so, you will win. if not Say you are sorrow, if not, get out now. or else Wear your coat, or else you’ll be cold.
otherwise
Do it now. Otherwise, it will be too late.
under such circumstances
She may come to Shanghai, under such circumstances, you should stay here.
to put it more precisely
He has much money, to put it more precisely, he is wealthy. ◆ 8. 表因果关系 because(of)
I went back not because of the bad weather, but because I was feeling uncomfortable. hence
Very few people attended the meeting. Hence, we couldn’t make a decision. thus I’ve never been to America. Thus, I know very little about it. since
Since you can’t help me, I will ask someone else. now that
Now ( that ) David’s arrived, we can begin. so that
He speaks loudly so that everyone in the room could hear him. on account of
We had to stay inside on account of the rain. consequently
The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded. as a result
He worked very hard, and as a result he passed the last examination without effort. as a result of
He was killed as a result of traffic accident. accordingly
There are the rules. Please act accordingly. therefore
I don’t know much about America, therefore, I can’t advise you about it. so long as
You could make it so long as you work hard. so
I was feeling bad, so I went to bed.
owing to
Owing to lack of money, these transactions must now be delayed. due to
His failure was due to his lack of work.
thanks to
Thanks to his help, she succeeded in her career. ◆ 9. 表比较关系 instead
It’s too wet to walk, so we’ll go swimming instead. while
They have much money, while we have very little. equally
As a teacher, you should teach well, but equally, you should remember to study yourself. in comparison(with)
In comparison with Shanghai, Nanjing is small. in the same way
It is such a coincidence that we work the math problem out in the same way.
in contrast with/to
In contrast with / to your belief that we’ll fail, I know we will succeed.
on the contrary Before I took my new job, I thought that I would like it; on the
contrary, when I started it, I found it was terribly uninteresting. in/by contrast
It was cold yesterday, but in contrast it’s very hot today. ◆ 10. 表解释关系 namely
Only one person can do the job, namely you.
as a matter of fact
She doesn’t want to make friends with John, as a matter of fact, she hates him.
in other words They don’t have an extra bike for you, in other words, you should buy one yourself. in this case
In this case, I will go home. frankly speaking / to be frank Frankly speaking / To be frank, I don’t like you. ◆ 11. 表强调关系 of course
Of course I love you. indeed
I am indeed very glad to hear from you soon. above all
Above all, you should remember that where there is a will, there is a way.
most important
Most important, it is the best book for beginners.
with great emphasis(on)
He delivered a speech with great emphasis on the education. in fact
In fact, you are wrong. ◆ 12. 表选择关系 rather than
In fact, Lily should be praised rather than John. alternatively
You may go home. Alternatively, you can stay here. instead of You should be at school instead of lying here in bed. not…but
He is not a teacher but a student. whether…or
Please tell me whether or not you like it. either…or
The baby will be either a boy or a girl.
neither…nor
Neither my mother nor I were there.
◆ 13. 表时间关系 after a while After a while, he came back sadly. at length
At length he give his daughter leave to take a trip alone. at that time
At that time, I didn’t know her. eventually
Eventually we won the game. finally
Finally he gave to the public pressure. in the past
In the past, he was poor. meanwhile
They’ll be here in an hour. Meanwhile, we’ll have some coffee. presently
They are presently in the United States. so far
So far, he has been to Japanese more than 10 times. soon
The work will be finished soon. since
Since when has he had a beard? when
I jumped up when she called. then
We’ll be married by then. until
Wait until tomorrow. until now
They have not taken effective measures until now. ◆ 14. 表总结关系 in sum
In sum, the decision is to go ahead as planned. in summary
In summary, we’ve got to try to get further funding. to sum up / summarize
To sum up, he is a kind person. in conclusion
In conclusion, “A friend without faults will never be found.” to conclude
To conclude, study is the salt of life. on the whole
On the whole, it is easier to get money than to keep it. in all
In all, “A good beginning is half done.” all in all
All in all, we must fulfill the task on time. in short
In short, health is happiness. in brief
In brief, health is better than wealth. in a word
In a word, “A good fame is better than a good face.”