Lesson 7
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) Academics believe that those who leave the academic world _________.
A. do not know how to put their knowledge into use.
B. are not as smart as those who stay
C. are disappointed with college education
D. are the best and brightest
2) The author found her humanities PhD ________ in the business world.
A. completely useless
B. a great advantage
C. a useful training of the mind
D. an honor
3) Why does the author mention Peter Drucker in this article (L. 94)?
A. Drucker is a representative of capitalist modernity.
B. Drucker is a best-selling author on management.
C. Drucker is better informed than the academics.
D. Drucker is one of the great thinkers in the business world.
4) The author suggests that university teachers should __________.
A. relate what they teach to the real world
B. adopt the ideology of the business world
C. give up their current academic posts
D. read books by great thinkers in the business world
Key:
1) B (文章第一段指出年轻学者之所以不愿离开学术界是因为来自同辈竞争的压力，离开就意味着某种失败)
2) C (文章第六段指出读博唯一的好处是作者曾经用几年的时间深入思考，开动脑筋，强健了思维的翅膀)
3) D （文章第九段提到Drucker 用来说明商业“文化生活世界”要比批评理论家想象的自我的多，自律的多。因此Drucker 是商界的杰出思想家 ）
4) A （文章多处指出大学所教授的内容和现实世界脱钩，并在结尾号召大学老师谈谈他们的课程内容，课外作业，和“现实作业”有何关联。）
2. Vocabulary Study
Read the text carefully and fill in each blank with a word in it proper form and tell its meaning.
1) intense
A) Yet peer pressure not to leave the academy remains __________. (Ll. 6-7)
B) The business world offers one of the most ___________ and most dynamic continuous learning environments available. (Ll. 132-134)
2) critique
A) Although I once taught organizational communication, I had no prior awareness that this extensive body of internal ___________ even existed. (Ll.
102-104)
B) You read the Wall Street Journal so that you can converse and ____________ the Wall Street Journal. (Ll. 116-118)
3) academic
A) A Former _____________ Offers Lessons in Joining the “Real World” (title)
B) The toughest questions I faced, outside the academy, were what my Ph. D. and all my _____________ experience counted for. (Ll. 13-15)
C) Rule one is to avoid being perceived as “too ____________.” (Ll. 60-61)
Key ：
1. intense
A. Yet peer pressure not to leave the academy remains (Ll. 6-7)
(intense: great)
B. The business world offers one of the most and most dynamic
continuous learning environments available. (Ll. 132-134) (intense:
highly concentrated)
2. critique
A. Although I once taught organizational communication, I had no prior awareness that analysis or assessment of something, used as a noun)
B. You read the Wall Street Journal so that you can converse and the Wall
Street Journal. (Ll. 116-118) (critique: evaluate in a detailed and analytical way, used
as a verb)
3. academic
A. A Former Offers Lessons in Joining the “Real World” (title)
(academic: a college teacher, used as a noun)
B. The toughest questions I faced, outside the academy, were what my Ph. D. and all scholarship, used as an adjective)
C. Rule one is to avoid being perceived as “too -61) (academic: not
practical, only with theoretical interest, used as an adjective)
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
….goes the prevailing wisdom….
Sample from the Text
The best and brightest stay, goes the prevailing wisdom, others wash out. (Ll. 9—10)
Complete the following sentences by putting the Chinese into English.
1) , goes the prevailing wisdom.
2) 个时间的问题）, goes the prevailing wisdom.
3) What companies and users are looking for these days, goes the prevailing
wisdom, （是一个能够在最短的时间，花最小的力气，准确地提供所需信息的网站。）
Key ：
1) In unity lies strength, goes the prevailing wisdom.
2) It’s just a matter of time before all our reading is through electronic devices, goes the
prevailing wisdom.
3) What companies and users are looking for these days, goes the prevailing wisdom, is a
website that will tell them exactly what they need to know, in the shortest possible time and with the minimum amount of effort.
4. Put the Following into Chinese
1) It d idn’t help that I carried around a vague sense of guilt about somehow
disappointing my graduate school mentors, people who, in fact, had neither the connections nor the desire to help me find employment in the non-academic world. (Ll. 26-30)
_________________________________________________________________
2) Happily, the corporate internship turned into a full-time position in a fast-growing
technology-related area, which turned into an opportunity to write a technology and business book. (Ll. 40-42)
_________________________________________________________________
3) Everything I had done to pay my dues in graduate school appeared unnecessary
and insignificant—except for one crucial fact: I had spent several years thinking hard, exercising my mind into a tight little muscle. (Ll. 54-57)
__________________________________________________________________
4) Though at times I longed to do so, I could not retreat to the safety of an office, write papers and submit a stack to the next conference. Nor could I speak to a group —as I once did to my students and my professors did to me —as if I possessed superior intellectual wisdom and authority. (Ll. 74-79)
__________________________________________________________________
5) The contingent nature of reality is all too evident in the marketplace, with ever-changing consumer tastes, regulatory revisions, stock analysts’ mood swings and rapid technological change all conspiring to keep things interesting. (Ll. 122-125)
___________________________________________________________________ a) 对研究生院的导师们我内心里有一种模糊的负罪感，总觉着辜负了他们的期望，但这于事无补。实际上，他们跟学术界外的人既没有交情，也不想帮我在那些行业找到工作。 （注意help 一词的译法，并把the connections和the desire这两个have 的并列宾语拆成两个分句译出，以符合汉语搭配规律。）
b) 令人高兴的是，结束了在那个公司的实习之后，我在一个迅速发展的与科技相关的领域里找到了一份全职工作，而后又有机会写一本关于技术与商业的书。
（原文中有两个turned into，在英文中这样的说法很有趣，但不太符合汉语习惯，应适当改变句式。）
c) 除了一个重要的事实，我为完成研究生的学业所做的每一件事看起来都既无必要也没意义。那个事实就是：我花了好几年的时间努力思考，把我的头脑锻炼成了一块结实的小肌肉。
（unnecessary 和insignificant 依汉语习惯译成谓语；此外，注意对“一个重要的事实”的处理）
d) 尽管有时我还想回归到安全的办公室里，写文章，给下一次的学术会议投稿，但现在不能了。我也不能像过去那样对着一群人说话，好像我有超人的知识智慧与权威——过去我对学生、我的教授对我就是这么说话的。
（本句so 用在从句中，指代下文内容，译成汉语时须把下文内容提前到从句中说。注意superior intellectual wisdom和authority 的译法。）
5) 在市场中，现实的偶然性太显而易见了：消费者的口味在不断变化，监管规则在变化，
股票分析师情绪在摇摆，技术的进步日新月异。 所有这些因素让我们的工作充满了乐趣。
（本句依汉语习惯，把with 结构译成补充说明成分，with 后接并列名词结构用主谓结构译出，conspiring 短语另起一句译出。） Lesson 10
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) Which one of the notable figures might not have championed a functioning Utopia?
A. Plato B. Alexander the Great C. Shelley D. Thomas Moore
2) What is the essential feature of the concept of Utopia?
A. reason B. harmony C. understanding D. unity
3) One of the problems of our Global Village Utopia might be that ________.
A. human rights are violated in certain places
B. people’s identities face challenge as they are no longer attached to places
C. people’s hostility against each other decreases with the expansion of the Electronic Revolution
D. competition between countries becomes fiercer in a free-market economy
4) The world returns to tribal culture in the Electronic Age in the sense that ________.
A. people become more dependent on each other
B. people are united by kinship
C. people are reluctant to give up their cultural cocoons
D. people can buy the same thing, like music CDs, everywhere in the world
5) Which one of the following is not a possible consequence of globalism?
A. The world is smaller in terms of communication and transportation.
B. Cultural differences totally disappear.
C. The electronic media plays an increasingly important role. D. People get to know faster what happens all over the world.
Key
1) C（课文第三段里说：人们祈祷合一的祷告——即乌托邦梦——从来没有应验。历史遗留
下来的是王国的废墟和瓦砾。英国诗人雪莱就描写过“王中之王”瓯子曼迪斯所建造的王国遗留下来的残骸。所以雪莱并未支持过建立乌托邦。5-7段里则提到亚历山大大帝、柏拉图和托马斯·莫尔曾试图建立他们各自心目中的乌托邦。故选C 项。）
2) D（第二段开头说：Long before we knew the world was shaped like a globe, the idea of
human unity, „ flourished. 即“人类合一”的思想源远流长。第三段开头又说，世界各地的人们都曾祈祷“让我们合为一体，同有一心、一灵、一思想”，但此梦想从来都没有实现。说明作者在本文中所说的乌托邦梦是世界各国各族人民合一的梦想。故选D 项。）
3) B （关于地球村梦想的弊端，文中第8和10段指出： 一个人生活的地域和地点给予他生命意义，传统也与地域息息相关。但今天，网络虚拟世界的兴旺使我们与给予我们幸福感和归属感的地域或地点割裂开来：We draw our sense of well-being and connection from the place we live in, but that sense and those connections are now severed thanks to the Electronic Revolution. 而且，由于工作地点和生活地点不断变化，今天的人们像生活在一个“流亡者的国度”。也就是说，人们面临身份危机，不知道自己属于哪里。作者认为这是地球村梦带来的弊端之一。而课文倒数第二段指出： Relations between nations and publics become more complex, fragile, even hostile. 所以people’s hostility against each other increases with the expansion of the Electronic Revolution，故C 项错。A 和D 项文中并未提及。故选B 项。）
4) A （文中第113-116行说：The Electronic Age is returning to oral and tribal culture,
abandoned in the Age of Print. We are being hurled back into the tribal and oral pattern with its seamless web of kinship and global interdependence – a world in which the electronic extensions of everyone’s nerves involve them in all other people’s lives. 即电子时代使我们回归口头和部落文化，在网络上大家以兴趣为基础建立起“亲属”关系和全球性的相互依赖关系。 该句表明，在电子时代人们回到部落文化的意思是，人们在网络上结成一个一个有共同兴趣或话题的群体；而且在网络上，一个人的生活故事或想法会影响到许许多多人。也就是人们在网络上相互依赖的程度增强了。故选A 项。）
5) B（课文135-137行说：External intrusion into cultures creates new tensions. Instead of
harmony, we have global tug-of war. 即作者认为，全球化并未使文化差异减少或消失，而使文化之间的对抗加深了。所以选项B 所说的“文化差异消失”不是全球化的一个后果。129-130行说：The world continues to shrink. 故A 项“The world is smaller in terms of communication and transportation”对。课文第120-123行说：Electronic media create a Global Village in which information can be shared simultaneously by everyone … For these we shall have computers and new devices as yet undreamed of. 即电子媒体创造了地球村，在地球村里，人人都可以同时分享信息。而且，将来会有更先进的电脑和装置来处理信息。故C 项“The electronic media plays an increasingly important role”对。另外，由于电子时代每天产生的信息量惊人，所以人们获取信息的速度要加快，故D 项对。只有B 项不是全球化的后果，故选B 项。）
2. Vocabulary Study
Find a synonym for the italicized word of each sentence in its appropriate form.
1) I have read the article many times, but what the author tries to convey cescapes me.
2) Economic regression, together with famine and other natural disasters, brought the country’s
economy to a chaotic state.
3) Buddhism has controlled for many years the religious belief of people in that country.
4) Novel writing started in the 18th century and boomed in the 19th century.
5) The beautiful scenery and the mild climate explain the attraction of the tourist resort.
6) The death of the mother broke the tie between the two brothers, who became complete strangers to each other.
7) As soon as the engineer pushed the button, the building fell down.
8) Carnival started from the Middle Ages and has become a repeated celebration in some European countries.
Key: 1) eludes 2) coupled 3) dominated 4) flourished
5) allure 6) severed 7) tumbled 8) perennial
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
the appositive used as the subject of a sentence
Examples from the Text:
1) In our century, former English colonies, the United States, have inherited and promoted a
utopia built on electric technology and the control of cyberspace. (Ll. 18-21)
2) The chief figure in modern times, the English saint and humanist Sir Thomas More, wrote
Utopia in 1515. (Ll. 46-47)
3) Master of a new pop-hop style, full of punning and funning, he created an intellectual
firestorm. (Ll. 113-114)
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English.
1. Mr. Jeffcott, (研究中心主任) _________________________, will give a speech at the meeting.
2. The eye-witness, (案发时正好在现场的男人) _________________________, was called to the police station.
3. The bloodiest chapter in American history, (对印第安人的屠杀和对他们土地的掠夺) ____________________________________ are a shame on modern civilization.
Key :
1)
2) was called to the police station.
3) The bloodiest chapter in American history,
4. Put the Following into Chinese
1) Christianity, adopted by the Roman Empire under Constantine in the fourth century and later formalized in the Papacy, dominated the West, known as the Holy Roman Empire. (Ll. 39-42) _________________________________________________________________________
2) Th e real question is not how much money is made “on the top” but the actual human
consequences for the millions “on the bottom.” (Ll. 52-54)
3) If you are not “on the move” are you “in the way” in the new Global Village? (Ll. 58-59)
4) No classmate pulling an oar in a 1936 rowing boat could have guessed that Mcluhan would become the oracle of electronics, a belated Whitman singing the body electric with Thomas Edison as accompanist. (Ll. 115-129)
5) He thought in big terms and wild generalities. (L. 122-123)
Suggested Translation
1) 公元四世纪，康斯坦丁大帝统治下的罗马帝国正式批准以基督教为国教，建立罗马天主
教教会制度，以此统治西方世界，号称神圣罗马帝国。
（本句语法比较复杂，如果按原文的顺序把基督教作为主语会给翻译造成困难。如果以罗马帝国做主语会容易一些。）
2) 真正的问题不在于上层人挣了多少钱，而在于下层千千万万人的生活发生了怎样的变化。
（human consequences根据下文应指changes 。）
3) 在这个崭新的地球村中，如果你不在前行，你是否在挡道？（这句话结构不难，但要注
意两个短语“on the move”和“in the way”的译法。）
4) 1936年和麦克卢姆一起操桨划船的同学没人会想到他将成为电子工业的预言者，在爱
迪生的伴奏下，如同一个迟到的惠特曼，歌唱电的王国。（body politic 意思是政体，body electric可译为电的王国。）
5) 他用大术语和笼统的概述来思考问题。（注意big terms和wild generalities的译法。）
Lesson 17 The Cult of Busyness
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) Modern people are different from their ancestors in that ________.
A. they are no longer superstitious
B. they have no sense of history
C. they cannot live without telephones
D. they busy themselves too much
2) Eating is giving its way to grazing because modern people ________.
A. are much too preoccupied to pay attention to their food
B. are too poor to eat a decent meal
C. tend to eat like cows and sheep do
D. tend to eat small meals in order to lose weight
3) According to the author, people’s great success derives from ________.
A. their mastery of time management
B. their devotion to what they want to do
C. their determination to succeed
D. their enthusiasm for things unknown
4) Why have modern people become so busy?
A. They have more than one job.
B. They take laziness as a deadly sin.
C. They want to balance their work and family life.
D. They want to be successful.
Keys:
1) D 2) A 3) B 4) D
2. Vocabulary Study
distinct distinctive distinguished distinguishable
Study the meaning of the four words and fill in each blank with an appropriate one.
1) One of the most ______________ ways people express themselves is through the clothes they wear.
2) Every other year, the university will invite a ______________ writer in residence to join the department of English for a semester to teach creative writing.
3) A well-designed and ______________ logo is crucial to a successful business’s marketing strategy.
4) Despite a growing interest in philosophy of technology, many philosophers of science doubt that there are any interesting philosophical issues in technology as ______________ from science.
5) His ______________ blending of musical styles seizes western jazz and thrusts it deep into the soil of Africa, creating a new and influential trend in pop music.
Keys:
distinct: easily heard, seen, felt or understood
distinct from: different in kind
distinctive (of sth.): that distinguishes sth by making it different from others
distinguished: showing remarkable qualities
distinguishable: sth. that is easily seen to help recognize the difference
1) distinctive
5) distinctive 2) distinguished 3) distinguishable 4) distinct
3. Put the Following into Chinese
1) Even eating, I read recently, is giving way to “grazing”—the conscious eating of unidentified foods while drafting a legal brief, persuading a client on the phone, and, in ambitious cases, doing leg exercises under the desk. (Ll. 45-49)
__________________________________________________________________________
2) Then there is the economic reality: any woman who doesn’t want to wind up a case study in the feminization of poverty has to be successful at something more demanding than fingernail maintenance or come-hither looks. Hence all the bustle, my busy friends would explain—they want to succeed. (Ll. 58-63)
__________________________________________________________________________
3) Any executive who thinks the ultimate in busyness consists of having two important phone calls on hold and a major deadline in twenty minutes, should try facing six tablefuls of clients simultaneously demanding that you give them their checks, fresh coffee, a baby seat, and a warm, spontaneous smile. (Ll. 95-100)
__________________________________________________________________________
4) Although busyness does not lead to success, I am willing to believe that success—especially when visited on the unprepared—can cause busyness. (Ll. 108-110)
__________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1) 最近，我在一篇文章上看到，现在甚至连吃饭都变成了“随便吃点什么”——在起草法
律诉状的时候，在打电话说服顾客的时候，有意识地吃一些叫不上名的食物。一些胸怀大志的人甚至边吃边在桌子下面做腿部运动。
(本句翻译的难点在于I read recently和in ambitious cases。前者须加字，后者可另起一句。)
2) 还有经济方面的现实考虑：任何一个不想变成“贫困女性化”典型案例的女人，就必须在某些
方面获得成功，这种成功比保养手指甲或塑造媚惑的外表要难得多。因此，大家都忙得不可开交，我那些忙个不停的朋友都会这样解释：她们渴望成功。
（翻译时可适当加字，注意措辞灵活准确。长句可按中文语序适当拆分。）
3) 如果一个主管经理认为有两个电话等着接，并且在20分钟内必须完成一个重要的工作就
算是忙得不可开交的话，那就让他试试同时应对六桌的客人，这个跟你要帐单，那个跟你要现煮的咖啡，另一个跟你要婴儿坐椅；在做这些事的同时还要保持温馨的、由衷的微笑。
（注意所有动作的主体都是executive 。）
4) 尽管忙碌不能带来成功，我还是愿意相信成功—尤其是不期而遇的成功—是让我们忙个不停的原因。
（译文可以采用原文的句式，但是要注意破折号之间部分的意思。） Lesson 21 ( Book 4)
Exercises (学生用书中的所有练习)
1. Reading Comprehension
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) The cab driver asked Becky if there was someone living with her in order to ________.
A. do his duty
B. see if she needed any help
C. have a chat with her
D. make sure that she would have support
2) Before Frankie left for Vietnam, he ________.
A. moved his family to Atlanta
B. had received salvation
C. knew that he had a baby girl
D. worked on his home with a construction gang
3) Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Becky dressed up before going to see her preacher.
B. Becky was in poor health.
C. Becky was living in an old, crowded house.
D. Becky was expecting a baby.
4) Becky snapped at David, which indicates that ________.
A. David had sneaked out
B. Becky wanted David to stay at home
C. Becky was in a bad mood
D. Becky was angry with God
5) Which of the following statements is not true about Becky and her husband?
A. They both believed in God.
B. They both wished to have a girl.
C. They were brought up in the same town.
D. They both knew what war was all about.
Key
1) D （出租车司机心理明白自己给贝基•桑切斯送来的电报一定会给她带来致命的打击，所
以递电报时问她“Do you have someone here with you?”。这显然是担心她无法承受电报的内容。故选D 项。）
2) B（在课文最后一段贝基的话里提到：…but I know he was saved before he left. If he had
been lost, it would have been worse. 由此可以轻松推断出，弗朗基•桑切斯在离家前，就已经获得救赎。故选B 项。）
3) A（当牧师夫人打开门看到贝基时，发现她wearing a robe，即贝基当时穿着睡衣，可见
她去找牧师前根本没有做任何妆扮。其他三项内容课文中都直接或间接提到。故选A 项。）
4) C（贝基无法用其他方式表达自己的悲痛欲绝，课文最后当她冲着两岁的小儿子戴维厉声
呵道：“戴维，现在马上给我回家。”这显然表明她难以抑制悲楚心理。故选C 项。）
5) C（课文中提到弗朗基•桑切斯was born and reared in Dodge City, Kansas。入伍后，他被
派到了佐治亚州的Fort Benning，就在这里他邂逅了妻子。可见C 项内容与事实不符。
故选C 项。）
2. Vocabulary Study
Read the pair of words carefully and find out their differences. Fill in each blank with one of the
words in its appropriate form.
slip, sneak
1) She ______ and almost fell on the icy sidewalk.
2) The boy ______ all the candies he could.
3) The prisoner ______ past the guards on the gate and escaped.
4) Noticing that there was likely to be trouble, the coward ______ away.
5) We are checking our records of recent years to find out why many customers have ______ away from us.
6) The schoolboy ______ out of the classroom while the teacher was writing.
7) They _____ their shirts and shorts off and jumped into the river as soon as they arrived.
8) Mary ______ the note into his pocket when no one was looking.
Key
1) slipped 2) sneaked 3) slipped/sneaked 4) slipped/sneaked
5) slipped 6) slipped/sneaked 7) slipped 8) slipped
(slip means 1) slide a short distance and lose balance slightly; 2) go somewhere without attracting other people’s attention; 3) put something somewhere quietly without making any noise; 4) put on or take off clothing quickly. sneak means 1) go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoid being seen or heard; 2) quickly and secretly steal something unimportant or of little value.)
3. Sentence Pattern to Imitate
Inverted Sentence
Example from the Text:
In the middle of the room was the white cradle filled with white sheets and fluffy blankets still in their cellophane wrappers. (Ll. 112-114)
C omplete the following sentences with inverted order.
1) ____________________ (与这一优势相伴而行的) is a disadvantage.
2) Before long, the rock was broken through, and ______________ (出来了) came the water.
3) __________________ (沿着原子核轨道运行) are negative charged particles called electrons.
4) ___________________ (速度如此之快) are electronic computers that hours, minutes and seconds are all much too long to measure their speed.
5) ___________ (一去不复返了) are the days when we had a good time at the mountain village.
6) ___________________ (在房间的中央) stand two desks and some chairs for the party.
7) _________________ (如此诚实的一个男孩) is he that he gave back the change to me after shopping.
8) __________________ (从山谷中) came the frightening sound of cries.
Key
1) Along with this advantage 2) out
3) Orbiting the nucleus 4) So fast
5) Gone 6) In the middle of the room
7) Such an honest boy 8) From the valley
Lesson 22, Unit 8 in Book 4
Exercises
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) If we don’t leave our assumptions at home, we will _________.
A. like exotic things
B. be happier
C. become travelers
D. be frequently complaining
2) In the author’s opinion, when we travel, we should see the world ________.
A. with your body upside down
B. with total freedom
C. with new eyes
D. with all our complacencies
3) Why do we feel most alive when we are far from home?
A. We know more about ourselves.
B. We know the essence of life.
C. We forget our beliefs. D. We find the lunar spaces.
Key
1) D（课文第40-41行说：Among those who don’t (leave their assumptions at home), a tourist is just someone who complains, “Nothing here is the way it is at home,” 即那些带着固有观念旅行的人，会不停地抱怨所到之处都跟家里不一样。也就是他们的这种心态会让他们一直抱怨。故选D 项。）
2) C（课文27-29行说：Y et for me the first great joy is … and seeing everything I thought I knew in a different light, and from a crooked angle. 即旅行的第一大乐趣在于从一个新的角度看待自以为了解的一切，不是倒立着看，也不是带着自满看，或者完全自由地看。故选C 项。）
3) A（关于旅行的自我开发意义，文中101-107行指出：Abroad, we are wonderfully free of caste and job and standing; … And precisely because we are clarified in this way, and freed of inessential labels, we have the opportunity to come into contact with more essential parts of ourselves。即正因为在旅行中我们摆脱了阶级、地位和工作等次要的标签，我们得以接触到自己更本质的部分。作者接着说，这就是为什么人们在远离家乡时更加有活力的原因。故选A 项。）
2. Vocabulary Study
Read the sentences below and fill in each blank with a proper preposition or adverb.
1) It's only natural to take a look at how your neighbors did, and _______ that regard, Mississippi can be thankful that it did not do as poorly as Louisiana.
2) Unfortunately, on the other side of the Pacific, the questions are seen _______ a different light.
3) It’s admirable to see that he can finish a few tasks _______ once which I would have to do one by one.
4) If we accept that man is created with a desire to work, subject _______ a charge to control the
earth, it follows that the process of creation is something intrinsic.
5) It is a good technique to allow a few seconds at the beginning of a shot before the pan
movement (水平运动) actually starts to allow the audience time to take ______the scene.
6) Quite a few words and phrases in this document are vague or indefinable and therefore open
_______ interpretation.
7) There will be more than 18,000 tickets _______ for grabs when the ticket office opens at 9
o'clock tomorrow morning.
8) It was believed by some people that the seemingly complex situation in the Korean peninsula
was _________ essence one of civil war.
Key: 1) in 2) in 3) at 4) to 5) in 6) to 7) up 8) in
3．Put the Following into Chinese
1. We travel to bring what little we can, in our ignorance and knowledge, to those parts of the globe whose riches are differently dispersed. (Ll. 4-6)
_________________________________________________________________
2. We “need sometimes,” the Harvard philosopher wrote, “to escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what.” (Ll. 10-15)
_________________________________________________________________
3. I like that stress on work, since never more than on the road are we shown how proportional
our blessings are to the difficulty that precedes them; and I like the stress on a holiday that’s “moral” since we fall into our ethical habits as easily as into our beds at night. (Ll. 16-19) _________________________________________________________________
4. When you drive down the streets of Port-au-Prince, for example, where there is almost no
paving and women relieve themselves next to mountains of trash, your notions of the Internet and a “one world order” grow usefully revised. Travel is the best way we have of rescuing the humanity of places, and saving them from abstraction and ideology. (Ll. 55-60)
_________________________________________________________________
Key:
1) 无论我们知识贫乏或知识丰富；在旅行时，我们都会把自己所知的那一点，带到地球的其
他地方，在那里传播的知识与我们所在之处有所不同。
2) 我们“有时候需要”，这位哈佛哲学家写到，“遁入开放的孤独，漫无目的，给道德放假，
纯粹冒个险，让生活多一些乐趣，去品尝艰辛，无论做什么都得拼命地干一番。”
3) 我喜欢他对辛劳的强调，因为只有在旅途中我们才能真正明白先苦后甜、越艰难才越满足
的道理；我也喜欢他对 “道德”假日的强调，因为我们对固有的道德观念习以为常，讲起道德来就跟晚上上床睡觉一样轻松自然。
4) 比如说，你驱车在太子港的街道上行走，当你看到街道几乎没有铺砌过，女人在垃圾山旁随地大小便时，你的互联网概念、“大同世界秩序”的概念都得到有益的修正。旅行是了解各地人们真实生活的最佳途径，使其免受抽象概念与意识形态观念的曲解。
Lesson 7
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) Academics believe that those who leave the academic world _________.
A. do not know how to put their knowledge into use.
B. are not as smart as those who stay
C. are disappointed with college education
D. are the best and brightest
2) The author found her humanities PhD ________ in the business world.
A. completely useless
B. a great advantage
C. a useful training of the mind
D. an honor
3) Why does the author mention Peter Drucker in this article (L. 94)?
A. Drucker is a representative of capitalist modernity.
B. Drucker is a best-selling author on management.
C. Drucker is better informed than the academics.
D. Drucker is one of the great thinkers in the business world.
4) The author suggests that university teachers should __________.
A. relate what they teach to the real world
B. adopt the ideology of the business world
C. give up their current academic posts
D. read books by great thinkers in the business world
Key:
1) B (文章第一段指出年轻学者之所以不愿离开学术界是因为来自同辈竞争的压力，离开就意味着某种失败)
2) C (文章第六段指出读博唯一的好处是作者曾经用几年的时间深入思考，开动脑筋，强健了思维的翅膀)
3) D （文章第九段提到Drucker 用来说明商业“文化生活世界”要比批评理论家想象的自我的多，自律的多。因此Drucker 是商界的杰出思想家 ）
4) A （文章多处指出大学所教授的内容和现实世界脱钩，并在结尾号召大学老师谈谈他们的课程内容，课外作业，和“现实作业”有何关联。）
2. Vocabulary Study
Read the text carefully and fill in each blank with a word in it proper form and tell its meaning.
1) intense
A) Yet peer pressure not to leave the academy remains __________. (Ll. 6-7)
B) The business world offers one of the most ___________ and most dynamic continuous learning environments available. (Ll. 132-134)
2) critique
A) Although I once taught organizational communication, I had no prior awareness that this extensive body of internal ___________ even existed. (Ll.
102-104)
B) You read the Wall Street Journal so that you can converse and ____________ the Wall Street Journal. (Ll. 116-118)
3) academic
A) A Former _____________ Offers Lessons in Joining the “Real World” (title)
B) The toughest questions I faced, outside the academy, were what my Ph. D. and all my _____________ experience counted for. (Ll. 13-15)
C) Rule one is to avoid being perceived as “too ____________.” (Ll. 60-61)
Key ：
1. intense
A. Yet peer pressure not to leave the academy remains (Ll. 6-7)
(intense: great)
B. The business world offers one of the most and most dynamic
continuous learning environments available. (Ll. 132-134) (intense:
highly concentrated)
2. critique
A. Although I once taught organizational communication, I had no prior awareness that analysis or assessment of something, used as a noun)
B. You read the Wall Street Journal so that you can converse and the Wall
Street Journal. (Ll. 116-118) (critique: evaluate in a detailed and analytical way, used
as a verb)
3. academic
A. A Former Offers Lessons in Joining the “Real World” (title)
(academic: a college teacher, used as a noun)
B. The toughest questions I faced, outside the academy, were what my Ph. D. and all scholarship, used as an adjective)
C. Rule one is to avoid being perceived as “too -61) (academic: not
practical, only with theoretical interest, used as an adjective)
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
….goes the prevailing wisdom….
Sample from the Text
The best and brightest stay, goes the prevailing wisdom, others wash out. (Ll. 9—10)
Complete the following sentences by putting the Chinese into English.
1) , goes the prevailing wisdom.
2) 个时间的问题）, goes the prevailing wisdom.
3) What companies and users are looking for these days, goes the prevailing
wisdom, （是一个能够在最短的时间，花最小的力气，准确地提供所需信息的网站。）
Key ：
1) In unity lies strength, goes the prevailing wisdom.
2) It’s just a matter of time before all our reading is through electronic devices, goes the
prevailing wisdom.
3) What companies and users are looking for these days, goes the prevailing wisdom, is a
website that will tell them exactly what they need to know, in the shortest possible time and with the minimum amount of effort.
4. Put the Following into Chinese
1) It d idn’t help that I carried around a vague sense of guilt about somehow
disappointing my graduate school mentors, people who, in fact, had neither the connections nor the desire to help me find employment in the non-academic world. (Ll. 26-30)
_________________________________________________________________
2) Happily, the corporate internship turned into a full-time position in a fast-growing
technology-related area, which turned into an opportunity to write a technology and business book. (Ll. 40-42)
_________________________________________________________________
3) Everything I had done to pay my dues in graduate school appeared unnecessary
and insignificant—except for one crucial fact: I had spent several years thinking hard, exercising my mind into a tight little muscle. (Ll. 54-57)
__________________________________________________________________
4) Though at times I longed to do so, I could not retreat to the safety of an office, write papers and submit a stack to the next conference. Nor could I speak to a group —as I once did to my students and my professors did to me —as if I possessed superior intellectual wisdom and authority. (Ll. 74-79)
__________________________________________________________________
5) The contingent nature of reality is all too evident in the marketplace, with ever-changing consumer tastes, regulatory revisions, stock analysts’ mood swings and rapid technological change all conspiring to keep things interesting. (Ll. 122-125)
___________________________________________________________________ a) 对研究生院的导师们我内心里有一种模糊的负罪感，总觉着辜负了他们的期望，但这于事无补。实际上，他们跟学术界外的人既没有交情，也不想帮我在那些行业找到工作。 （注意help 一词的译法，并把the connections和the desire这两个have 的并列宾语拆成两个分句译出，以符合汉语搭配规律。）
b) 令人高兴的是，结束了在那个公司的实习之后，我在一个迅速发展的与科技相关的领域里找到了一份全职工作，而后又有机会写一本关于技术与商业的书。
（原文中有两个turned into，在英文中这样的说法很有趣，但不太符合汉语习惯，应适当改变句式。）
c) 除了一个重要的事实，我为完成研究生的学业所做的每一件事看起来都既无必要也没意义。那个事实就是：我花了好几年的时间努力思考，把我的头脑锻炼成了一块结实的小肌肉。
（unnecessary 和insignificant 依汉语习惯译成谓语；此外，注意对“一个重要的事实”的处理）
d) 尽管有时我还想回归到安全的办公室里，写文章，给下一次的学术会议投稿，但现在不能了。我也不能像过去那样对着一群人说话，好像我有超人的知识智慧与权威——过去我对学生、我的教授对我就是这么说话的。
（本句so 用在从句中，指代下文内容，译成汉语时须把下文内容提前到从句中说。注意superior intellectual wisdom和authority 的译法。）
5) 在市场中，现实的偶然性太显而易见了：消费者的口味在不断变化，监管规则在变化，
股票分析师情绪在摇摆，技术的进步日新月异。 所有这些因素让我们的工作充满了乐趣。
（本句依汉语习惯，把with 结构译成补充说明成分，with 后接并列名词结构用主谓结构译出，conspiring 短语另起一句译出。） Lesson 10
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) Which one of the notable figures might not have championed a functioning Utopia?
A. Plato B. Alexander the Great C. Shelley D. Thomas Moore
2) What is the essential feature of the concept of Utopia?
A. reason B. harmony C. understanding D. unity
3) One of the problems of our Global Village Utopia might be that ________.
A. human rights are violated in certain places
B. people’s identities face challenge as they are no longer attached to places
C. people’s hostility against each other decreases with the expansion of the Electronic Revolution
D. competition between countries becomes fiercer in a free-market economy
4) The world returns to tribal culture in the Electronic Age in the sense that ________.
A. people become more dependent on each other
B. people are united by kinship
C. people are reluctant to give up their cultural cocoons
D. people can buy the same thing, like music CDs, everywhere in the world
5) Which one of the following is not a possible consequence of globalism?
A. The world is smaller in terms of communication and transportation.
B. Cultural differences totally disappear.
C. The electronic media plays an increasingly important role. D. People get to know faster what happens all over the world.
Key
1) C（课文第三段里说：人们祈祷合一的祷告——即乌托邦梦——从来没有应验。历史遗留
下来的是王国的废墟和瓦砾。英国诗人雪莱就描写过“王中之王”瓯子曼迪斯所建造的王国遗留下来的残骸。所以雪莱并未支持过建立乌托邦。5-7段里则提到亚历山大大帝、柏拉图和托马斯·莫尔曾试图建立他们各自心目中的乌托邦。故选C 项。）
2) D（第二段开头说：Long before we knew the world was shaped like a globe, the idea of
human unity, „ flourished. 即“人类合一”的思想源远流长。第三段开头又说，世界各地的人们都曾祈祷“让我们合为一体，同有一心、一灵、一思想”，但此梦想从来都没有实现。说明作者在本文中所说的乌托邦梦是世界各国各族人民合一的梦想。故选D 项。）
3) B （关于地球村梦想的弊端，文中第8和10段指出： 一个人生活的地域和地点给予他生命意义，传统也与地域息息相关。但今天，网络虚拟世界的兴旺使我们与给予我们幸福感和归属感的地域或地点割裂开来：We draw our sense of well-being and connection from the place we live in, but that sense and those connections are now severed thanks to the Electronic Revolution. 而且，由于工作地点和生活地点不断变化，今天的人们像生活在一个“流亡者的国度”。也就是说，人们面临身份危机，不知道自己属于哪里。作者认为这是地球村梦带来的弊端之一。而课文倒数第二段指出： Relations between nations and publics become more complex, fragile, even hostile. 所以people’s hostility against each other increases with the expansion of the Electronic Revolution，故C 项错。A 和D 项文中并未提及。故选B 项。）
4) A （文中第113-116行说：The Electronic Age is returning to oral and tribal culture,
abandoned in the Age of Print. We are being hurled back into the tribal and oral pattern with its seamless web of kinship and global interdependence – a world in which the electronic extensions of everyone’s nerves involve them in all other people’s lives. 即电子时代使我们回归口头和部落文化，在网络上大家以兴趣为基础建立起“亲属”关系和全球性的相互依赖关系。 该句表明，在电子时代人们回到部落文化的意思是，人们在网络上结成一个一个有共同兴趣或话题的群体；而且在网络上，一个人的生活故事或想法会影响到许许多多人。也就是人们在网络上相互依赖的程度增强了。故选A 项。）
5) B（课文135-137行说：External intrusion into cultures creates new tensions. Instead of
harmony, we have global tug-of war. 即作者认为，全球化并未使文化差异减少或消失，而使文化之间的对抗加深了。所以选项B 所说的“文化差异消失”不是全球化的一个后果。129-130行说：The world continues to shrink. 故A 项“The world is smaller in terms of communication and transportation”对。课文第120-123行说：Electronic media create a Global Village in which information can be shared simultaneously by everyone … For these we shall have computers and new devices as yet undreamed of. 即电子媒体创造了地球村，在地球村里，人人都可以同时分享信息。而且，将来会有更先进的电脑和装置来处理信息。故C 项“The electronic media plays an increasingly important role”对。另外，由于电子时代每天产生的信息量惊人，所以人们获取信息的速度要加快，故D 项对。只有B 项不是全球化的后果，故选B 项。）
2. Vocabulary Study
Find a synonym for the italicized word of each sentence in its appropriate form.
1) I have read the article many times, but what the author tries to convey cescapes me.
2) Economic regression, together with famine and other natural disasters, brought the country’s
economy to a chaotic state.
3) Buddhism has controlled for many years the religious belief of people in that country.
4) Novel writing started in the 18th century and boomed in the 19th century.
5) The beautiful scenery and the mild climate explain the attraction of the tourist resort.
6) The death of the mother broke the tie between the two brothers, who became complete strangers to each other.
7) As soon as the engineer pushed the button, the building fell down.
8) Carnival started from the Middle Ages and has become a repeated celebration in some European countries.
Key: 1) eludes 2) coupled 3) dominated 4) flourished
5) allure 6) severed 7) tumbled 8) perennial
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
the appositive used as the subject of a sentence
Examples from the Text:
1) In our century, former English colonies, the United States, have inherited and promoted a
utopia built on electric technology and the control of cyberspace. (Ll. 18-21)
2) The chief figure in modern times, the English saint and humanist Sir Thomas More, wrote
Utopia in 1515. (Ll. 46-47)
3) Master of a new pop-hop style, full of punning and funning, he created an intellectual
firestorm. (Ll. 113-114)
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English.
1. Mr. Jeffcott, (研究中心主任) _________________________, will give a speech at the meeting.
2. The eye-witness, (案发时正好在现场的男人) _________________________, was called to the police station.
3. The bloodiest chapter in American history, (对印第安人的屠杀和对他们土地的掠夺) ____________________________________ are a shame on modern civilization.
Key :
1)
2) was called to the police station.
3) The bloodiest chapter in American history,
4. Put the Following into Chinese
1) Christianity, adopted by the Roman Empire under Constantine in the fourth century and later formalized in the Papacy, dominated the West, known as the Holy Roman Empire. (Ll. 39-42) _________________________________________________________________________
2) Th e real question is not how much money is made “on the top” but the actual human
consequences for the millions “on the bottom.” (Ll. 52-54)
3) If you are not “on the move” are you “in the way” in the new Global Village? (Ll. 58-59)
4) No classmate pulling an oar in a 1936 rowing boat could have guessed that Mcluhan would become the oracle of electronics, a belated Whitman singing the body electric with Thomas Edison as accompanist. (Ll. 115-129)
5) He thought in big terms and wild generalities. (L. 122-123)
Suggested Translation
1) 公元四世纪，康斯坦丁大帝统治下的罗马帝国正式批准以基督教为国教，建立罗马天主
教教会制度，以此统治西方世界，号称神圣罗马帝国。
（本句语法比较复杂，如果按原文的顺序把基督教作为主语会给翻译造成困难。如果以罗马帝国做主语会容易一些。）
2) 真正的问题不在于上层人挣了多少钱，而在于下层千千万万人的生活发生了怎样的变化。
（human consequences根据下文应指changes 。）
3) 在这个崭新的地球村中，如果你不在前行，你是否在挡道？（这句话结构不难，但要注
意两个短语“on the move”和“in the way”的译法。）
4) 1936年和麦克卢姆一起操桨划船的同学没人会想到他将成为电子工业的预言者，在爱
迪生的伴奏下，如同一个迟到的惠特曼，歌唱电的王国。（body politic 意思是政体，body electric可译为电的王国。）
5) 他用大术语和笼统的概述来思考问题。（注意big terms和wild generalities的译法。）
Lesson 17 The Cult of Busyness
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) Modern people are different from their ancestors in that ________.
A. they are no longer superstitious
B. they have no sense of history
C. they cannot live without telephones
D. they busy themselves too much
2) Eating is giving its way to grazing because modern people ________.
A. are much too preoccupied to pay attention to their food
B. are too poor to eat a decent meal
C. tend to eat like cows and sheep do
D. tend to eat small meals in order to lose weight
3) According to the author, people’s great success derives from ________.
A. their mastery of time management
B. their devotion to what they want to do
C. their determination to succeed
D. their enthusiasm for things unknown
4) Why have modern people become so busy?
A. They have more than one job.
B. They take laziness as a deadly sin.
C. They want to balance their work and family life.
D. They want to be successful.
Keys:
1) D 2) A 3) B 4) D
2. Vocabulary Study
distinct distinctive distinguished distinguishable
Study the meaning of the four words and fill in each blank with an appropriate one.
1) One of the most ______________ ways people express themselves is through the clothes they wear.
2) Every other year, the university will invite a ______________ writer in residence to join the department of English for a semester to teach creative writing.
3) A well-designed and ______________ logo is crucial to a successful business’s marketing strategy.
4) Despite a growing interest in philosophy of technology, many philosophers of science doubt that there are any interesting philosophical issues in technology as ______________ from science.
5) His ______________ blending of musical styles seizes western jazz and thrusts it deep into the soil of Africa, creating a new and influential trend in pop music.
Keys:
distinct: easily heard, seen, felt or understood
distinct from: different in kind
distinctive (of sth.): that distinguishes sth by making it different from others
distinguished: showing remarkable qualities
distinguishable: sth. that is easily seen to help recognize the difference
1) distinctive
5) distinctive 2) distinguished 3) distinguishable 4) distinct
3. Put the Following into Chinese
1) Even eating, I read recently, is giving way to “grazing”—the conscious eating of unidentified foods while drafting a legal brief, persuading a client on the phone, and, in ambitious cases, doing leg exercises under the desk. (Ll. 45-49)
__________________________________________________________________________
2) Then there is the economic reality: any woman who doesn’t want to wind up a case study in the feminization of poverty has to be successful at something more demanding than fingernail maintenance or come-hither looks. Hence all the bustle, my busy friends would explain—they want to succeed. (Ll. 58-63)
__________________________________________________________________________
3) Any executive who thinks the ultimate in busyness consists of having two important phone calls on hold and a major deadline in twenty minutes, should try facing six tablefuls of clients simultaneously demanding that you give them their checks, fresh coffee, a baby seat, and a warm, spontaneous smile. (Ll. 95-100)
__________________________________________________________________________
4) Although busyness does not lead to success, I am willing to believe that success—especially when visited on the unprepared—can cause busyness. (Ll. 108-110)
__________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1) 最近，我在一篇文章上看到，现在甚至连吃饭都变成了“随便吃点什么”——在起草法
律诉状的时候，在打电话说服顾客的时候，有意识地吃一些叫不上名的食物。一些胸怀大志的人甚至边吃边在桌子下面做腿部运动。
(本句翻译的难点在于I read recently和in ambitious cases。前者须加字，后者可另起一句。)
2) 还有经济方面的现实考虑：任何一个不想变成“贫困女性化”典型案例的女人，就必须在某些
方面获得成功，这种成功比保养手指甲或塑造媚惑的外表要难得多。因此，大家都忙得不可开交，我那些忙个不停的朋友都会这样解释：她们渴望成功。
（翻译时可适当加字，注意措辞灵活准确。长句可按中文语序适当拆分。）
3) 如果一个主管经理认为有两个电话等着接，并且在20分钟内必须完成一个重要的工作就
算是忙得不可开交的话，那就让他试试同时应对六桌的客人，这个跟你要帐单，那个跟你要现煮的咖啡，另一个跟你要婴儿坐椅；在做这些事的同时还要保持温馨的、由衷的微笑。
（注意所有动作的主体都是executive 。）
4) 尽管忙碌不能带来成功，我还是愿意相信成功—尤其是不期而遇的成功—是让我们忙个不停的原因。
（译文可以采用原文的句式，但是要注意破折号之间部分的意思。） Lesson 21 ( Book 4)
Exercises (学生用书中的所有练习)
1. Reading Comprehension
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) The cab driver asked Becky if there was someone living with her in order to ________.
A. do his duty
B. see if she needed any help
C. have a chat with her
D. make sure that she would have support
2) Before Frankie left for Vietnam, he ________.
A. moved his family to Atlanta
B. had received salvation
C. knew that he had a baby girl
D. worked on his home with a construction gang
3) Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Becky dressed up before going to see her preacher.
B. Becky was in poor health.
C. Becky was living in an old, crowded house.
D. Becky was expecting a baby.
4) Becky snapped at David, which indicates that ________.
A. David had sneaked out
B. Becky wanted David to stay at home
C. Becky was in a bad mood
D. Becky was angry with God
5) Which of the following statements is not true about Becky and her husband?
A. They both believed in God.
B. They both wished to have a girl.
C. They were brought up in the same town.
D. They both knew what war was all about.
Key
1) D （出租车司机心理明白自己给贝基•桑切斯送来的电报一定会给她带来致命的打击，所
以递电报时问她“Do you have someone here with you?”。这显然是担心她无法承受电报的内容。故选D 项。）
2) B（在课文最后一段贝基的话里提到：…but I know he was saved before he left. If he had
been lost, it would have been worse. 由此可以轻松推断出，弗朗基•桑切斯在离家前，就已经获得救赎。故选B 项。）
3) A（当牧师夫人打开门看到贝基时，发现她wearing a robe，即贝基当时穿着睡衣，可见
她去找牧师前根本没有做任何妆扮。其他三项内容课文中都直接或间接提到。故选A 项。）
4) C（贝基无法用其他方式表达自己的悲痛欲绝，课文最后当她冲着两岁的小儿子戴维厉声
呵道：“戴维，现在马上给我回家。”这显然表明她难以抑制悲楚心理。故选C 项。）
5) C（课文中提到弗朗基•桑切斯was born and reared in Dodge City, Kansas。入伍后，他被
派到了佐治亚州的Fort Benning，就在这里他邂逅了妻子。可见C 项内容与事实不符。
故选C 项。）
2. Vocabulary Study
Read the pair of words carefully and find out their differences. Fill in each blank with one of the
words in its appropriate form.
slip, sneak
1) She ______ and almost fell on the icy sidewalk.
2) The boy ______ all the candies he could.
3) The prisoner ______ past the guards on the gate and escaped.
4) Noticing that there was likely to be trouble, the coward ______ away.
5) We are checking our records of recent years to find out why many customers have ______ away from us.
6) The schoolboy ______ out of the classroom while the teacher was writing.
7) They _____ their shirts and shorts off and jumped into the river as soon as they arrived.
8) Mary ______ the note into his pocket when no one was looking.
Key
1) slipped 2) sneaked 3) slipped/sneaked 4) slipped/sneaked
5) slipped 6) slipped/sneaked 7) slipped 8) slipped
(slip means 1) slide a short distance and lose balance slightly; 2) go somewhere without attracting other people’s attention; 3) put something somewhere quietly without making any noise; 4) put on or take off clothing quickly. sneak means 1) go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoid being seen or heard; 2) quickly and secretly steal something unimportant or of little value.)
3. Sentence Pattern to Imitate
Inverted Sentence
Example from the Text:
In the middle of the room was the white cradle filled with white sheets and fluffy blankets still in their cellophane wrappers. (Ll. 112-114)
C omplete the following sentences with inverted order.
1) ____________________ (与这一优势相伴而行的) is a disadvantage.
2) Before long, the rock was broken through, and ______________ (出来了) came the water.
3) __________________ (沿着原子核轨道运行) are negative charged particles called electrons.
4) ___________________ (速度如此之快) are electronic computers that hours, minutes and seconds are all much too long to measure their speed.
5) ___________ (一去不复返了) are the days when we had a good time at the mountain village.
6) ___________________ (在房间的中央) stand two desks and some chairs for the party.
7) _________________ (如此诚实的一个男孩) is he that he gave back the change to me after shopping.
8) __________________ (从山谷中) came the frightening sound of cries.
Key
1) Along with this advantage 2) out
3) Orbiting the nucleus 4) So fast
5) Gone 6) In the middle of the room
7) Such an honest boy 8) From the valley
Lesson 22, Unit 8 in Book 4
Exercises
Read the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.
1) If we don’t leave our assumptions at home, we will _________.
A. like exotic things
B. be happier
C. become travelers
D. be frequently complaining
2) In the author’s opinion, when we travel, we should see the world ________.
A. with your body upside down
B. with total freedom
C. with new eyes
D. with all our complacencies
3) Why do we feel most alive when we are far from home?
A. We know more about ourselves.
B. We know the essence of life.
C. We forget our beliefs. D. We find the lunar spaces.
Key
1) D（课文第40-41行说：Among those who don’t (leave their assumptions at home), a tourist is just someone who complains, “Nothing here is the way it is at home,” 即那些带着固有观念旅行的人，会不停地抱怨所到之处都跟家里不一样。也就是他们的这种心态会让他们一直抱怨。故选D 项。）
2) C（课文27-29行说：Y et for me the first great joy is … and seeing everything I thought I knew in a different light, and from a crooked angle. 即旅行的第一大乐趣在于从一个新的角度看待自以为了解的一切，不是倒立着看，也不是带着自满看，或者完全自由地看。故选C 项。）
3) A（关于旅行的自我开发意义，文中101-107行指出：Abroad, we are wonderfully free of caste and job and standing; … And precisely because we are clarified in this way, and freed of inessential labels, we have the opportunity to come into contact with more essential parts of ourselves。即正因为在旅行中我们摆脱了阶级、地位和工作等次要的标签，我们得以接触到自己更本质的部分。作者接着说，这就是为什么人们在远离家乡时更加有活力的原因。故选A 项。）
2. Vocabulary Study
Read the sentences below and fill in each blank with a proper preposition or adverb.
1) It's only natural to take a look at how your neighbors did, and _______ that regard, Mississippi can be thankful that it did not do as poorly as Louisiana.
2) Unfortunately, on the other side of the Pacific, the questions are seen _______ a different light.
3) It’s admirable to see that he can finish a few tasks _______ once which I would have to do one by one.
4) If we accept that man is created with a desire to work, subject _______ a charge to control the
earth, it follows that the process of creation is something intrinsic.
5) It is a good technique to allow a few seconds at the beginning of a shot before the pan
movement (水平运动) actually starts to allow the audience time to take ______the scene.
6) Quite a few words and phrases in this document are vague or indefinable and therefore open
_______ interpretation.
7) There will be more than 18,000 tickets _______ for grabs when the ticket office opens at 9
o'clock tomorrow morning.
8) It was believed by some people that the seemingly complex situation in the Korean peninsula
was _________ essence one of civil war.
Key: 1) in 2) in 3) at 4) to 5) in 6) to 7) up 8) in
3．Put the Following into Chinese
1. We travel to bring what little we can, in our ignorance and knowledge, to those parts of the globe whose riches are differently dispersed. (Ll. 4-6)
_________________________________________________________________
2. We “need sometimes,” the Harvard philosopher wrote, “to escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what.” (Ll. 10-15)
_________________________________________________________________
3. I like that stress on work, since never more than on the road are we shown how proportional
our blessings are to the difficulty that precedes them; and I like the stress on a holiday that’s “moral” since we fall into our ethical habits as easily as into our beds at night. (Ll. 16-19) _________________________________________________________________
4. When you drive down the streets of Port-au-Prince, for example, where there is almost no
paving and women relieve themselves next to mountains of trash, your notions of the Internet and a “one world order” grow usefully revised. Travel is the best way we have of rescuing the humanity of places, and saving them from abstraction and ideology. (Ll. 55-60)
_________________________________________________________________
Key:
1) 无论我们知识贫乏或知识丰富；在旅行时，我们都会把自己所知的那一点，带到地球的其
他地方，在那里传播的知识与我们所在之处有所不同。
2) 我们“有时候需要”，这位哈佛哲学家写到，“遁入开放的孤独，漫无目的，给道德放假，
纯粹冒个险，让生活多一些乐趣，去品尝艰辛，无论做什么都得拼命地干一番。”
3) 我喜欢他对辛劳的强调，因为只有在旅途中我们才能真正明白先苦后甜、越艰难才越满足
的道理；我也喜欢他对 “道德”假日的强调，因为我们对固有的道德观念习以为常，讲起道德来就跟晚上上床睡觉一样轻松自然。
4) 比如说，你驱车在太子港的街道上行走，当你看到街道几乎没有铺砌过，女人在垃圾山旁随地大小便时，你的互联网概念、“大同世界秩序”的概念都得到有益的修正。旅行是了解各地人们真实生活的最佳途径，使其免受抽象概念与意识形态观念的曲解。