卫生英语全真模拟一及答案
说明：本试卷共七大题，申报高级职称者全做，满分为120分；申报中级职称者做 第一、二、三、四、五、七大题，满分为100分。第六大题申报中级职称者不做，做了也不判分。
一、词汇与语法选择(20小题，每小题0. 5分，共10分）
在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案。
(1) Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for anyone with the Internet______.
A. entrance B. admission C. access D. involvement
(2) Successful development of inexpensive drugs for AIDS has much______for HIV patients.
A. influence B. complication C. implication D. specification
(3) Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors，such as poor eating habits， which______increase the risk of heart disease.
A. in turn B. in return C. by turns D. by chance
(4) The new law is believed to be the world’s first legislation aimed______at the commercial organ transaction.
A. implicitly B. exclusively C. inclusively D. specially
(5) She went into a deep______after taking an overdose of sleeping pills.
A. uncertainty B. coma C. consciousness D. comma
(6) A beam of light will not bend round the corners unless______to do so with the help of a reflecting device.
A. being done B. made C. to be made D. having made
(7) You had better______teasing these newcomers，for that will hurt their feeling.
A. leave out B. leave for C. leave off D. leave behind
(8) According to the periodic table，______ still some elements undiscovered.
A. there seem to be B. it seems to be C. it seems that D.here seem
(9) The results were to______yesterday, but we have heard nothing.
A.reveal B. have revealed C.be revealed D. have been revealed
(10) On no account______to anyone who works in the company.
A.my name must be mentioned B.my name must mention
C. must my name be mentioned D.must my name mention
(11) Grey whales have long been______in the north Atlantic and hunting was an important cause for that.
A.extinct B.extinguished C. detained D. deprived
(12)He was given major responsibility for operating the remote manipulator to______ the newly launched satellite.
A. retreat B. retrieve C. embocjy D. embrace
(13)This clearly shows that crops and weeds have quite a number of______in common.
A. traits B. traces C. tracks D. trails
(14)From science to Shakespeare, excellent television and video programs are available______to teachers.
A. in stock B. in store C. in operation D. in abundance The developing nations
(15)want rich countries to help shoulder the cost of______forest.
A. updating B. upgrading C. conserving D. constructing
(16)I must congratulate you______the excellent design of the new bridge.
A.with B. of C. at D. on
(17) ______ that he wasn’t happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.
A.Perceiving B. Penetrating C.Puzzling D. Preserving
(18)First published in 1927，the charts remain an source for researchers.
A.identical B.indispensable C.intelligent D.inevitable
(19)We booked rooms at the hotel______we should find no vacancies on our arrival.
A.whenever B. since C. if D. lest
(20)Small as it is，the ant is as much a creature as______all other animals on earth.
A. are B. is C. do D.have
二、改错（10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
在A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出一个含有语言错误的选项。
A B C D
supplies.
A B
C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
of the products.
(26)
A B C D
(27)
A B C D
approved by the Commission.
(28)
A B C D
(29)
A B C D
this condensing unit.
(30)
A B C D
三、回答问题(10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下面短文并完成后面的题目。在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能够回答所提问题的最佳答案。
Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage：
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune(免疫 的）function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam， researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory(血淋淋的）video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody. Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can
help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage，” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
“Sustained stress is not good for you，” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity. “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective. ”
(31)The passage is mainly about_________.
A. the benefits of manageable stress
B. how to avoid stress
C. the effect of stress harmonies on memory
D. how to cope with stress effectively
（32）The word “shun” (Line 1，Para. 1) most probably means_________.
A. cut down on
B. stay away from
C. run out of
D. put up with
（33）We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that_________..
A. people under stress tend to have a poor memory
B. people who can’t get their job done experience more stress
C. doing challenging work may be good for one’s health
D. stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs
（34） In the experiment described in Para. 3，the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because_________..
A.the video was not enjoyable at all
B. the outcome was beyond their control
C. they knew little about surgical procedures
D. they felt no pressure while watching the video
（35）Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that_________.
A. a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body
B. stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain
C. short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function
D. a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress
Questions 36~40 are based on the following passage：
In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us—the so-called fight-or-flight response. “An animal that
can’t detect danger can’t stay alive，” says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals，humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons(神经元）deep in the brain known as the amygdala (扁桃体，杏仁核）.
LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information，the amygdala appraised a situation—I think this
charging dog wants to bite me—and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress： trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three.
This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals，but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know they’re afraid. That is, as LeDoux says, “if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear. ”
Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems，and you get a near-universal human phenomenon： worry.
That’s not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell. “When used properly， worry is an incredible device，，，he says. After all，a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action—like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.
Hallowell insists，though，that there’s a right way to worry. “Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan，” he says. Most of us have survived a recession, so we，re familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a
Unfortunately，few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so it’s been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. That’s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro and buying gas masks.
（36） The “so-called fight-or-flight response” (Line 2，Para. 1) refers to_________.
A. the biological process in which human beings，sense of self-defense evolves
B. the instinctive fear human beings feel when faced with potential danger
C. the act of evaluating a dangerous situation and making a quick decision
D. the elaborate mechanism in the human brain for retrieving information
（37）From the studies conducted by LeDoux, we learn that_________.
A. reactions of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictable
B. memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distress
C. people’s unpleasant memories are derived from their feelings of fear
D. the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animal responses to potential danger
(38) From the passage we know that_________.
A. a little worry will do us good if handled properly
B. a little worry will enable us to survive a recession
C. fear strengthens the human desire to survive danger
D. fear helps people to anticipate certain future events
(39) According to Hallowell, which of the following is the best way to deal with your worries?
A. Ask for help-from the people around you.
B. Use the belt-tightening strategies for survival.
C. Seek professional advice and take action.
D. Understand the situation and be fully prepared.
(40) In Hallowell，s view, people’s reaction to the terrorist threat last fall was
A. ridiculous B. understandable
C. over-cautious D. sensible
四、短文填补（4小题，每小题5分，共20分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从所给选项中选出所给句子最适合补入的一处。
(41)As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.
A European study has revealed that 100% fruit and vegetable juices are as
effective as their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts in reducing risk factors related to certain diseases. (A) The researchers in UK analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to the effects of both fiber and antioxidants(抗 氧化剂）•
(B) “When considering cancer and coronary heart diseases prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said. (C) The researchers added that the positioning of juices as being nutritionally inferior to whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is “unjustified，，and that policies，which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined. (D) The researchers who authored the paper suggest more studies in certain area are needed to support their findings.
(42)Through therapeutic cloning，scientists would create embryos to harvest stem cells，which may hold the key to treating a wide range of disease.
It is interesting to notice the fact that people from different walks of life are working together in search of a better view across the industrialized world and beyond.
(A) The mystery in question is none other than the human embryo cloned a la Dolly.
(B) The aim is not to produce people. (C) But like most passionate debates, the real issue—commercialization—sits quietly in the background of the emotional din. (D) The debate erupted across the industrially advanced world on January 22，2002 when Britain became the first European country to legalize the creation of cloned human embryos.
(43)If there is a cancer risk，it is a small one.
Can electricity cause cancer? A growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies(恶性肿瘤）（.A) In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form last week, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. (B) The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-length—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. (C) The report is no reason to panic, or even to lose sleep. (D) The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration，and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and
the White House.
(44)Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods，who feels OK but exercises only occasionally.
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing diseaseespecially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits，smoking and failure to exercise. (A) The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. (B) This person is not ill. (C) She/He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. (D) But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
五、语句排列(4小题，每小题5分，共20分)
阅读下面每题中的五个句子，根据上下逻辑关系，重新排列句子，并选出正确的 答案。
(45) ① Heart attacks and related problems are the top killer, especially among women, claiming 29 percent of people who die each year，WHO said in a report on the global burden of disease.
② Cancer, in third, claims 12.6 percent of global deaths, said the 146-page report, which is based on death registration data from 112 countries and estimates where reporting is incomplete.
③ In second place, infectious diseases lead to 16. 2 percent of worldwide deaths.
④ Heart ailments, infectious diseases and cancer remain the world’s top three killers, the UN health agency said on Monday.
⑤ The figures are from 2004，the most recent records available on a wide scale，officials from WHO said.
④①③②⑤ B.④③②①⑤ C.③④②⑤① D.④③②⑤①
(46) ① US scientists recently discovered a gene that may pave the way for a
vaccine. Delfraissy，of ANRS, also predicts a revival in basic research to find molecules capable of attacking the virus at a stage where it has not yet been detected. ② Researchers have also discovered new molecules and have launched tests on new triple treatments that have proved effective for patients no longer responding to other therapies.
③ But AIDS research was given a boost in October when the 2008 Nobel Medicine Prize was bestowed to a pair of scientists who discovered HIV.
④ Scientists are also interested in the cases of some HIV-positive people who never develop full-blown AIDS.
⑤ Meanwhile，research on finding an effective AIDS shot continues.
A. ③⑤④②① B.③①②④⑤ C.④②③⑤① D.③②⑤①④
(47) ① Surveys suggest few adults attain the recommended seven to eight hours a night. Sleep too little clearly is dangerous： Sleep deprivation causes not just car crashes but all sorts of other accidents.
② But taking a nap may boost a sophisticated kind of memory that helps us see
the big picture and get creative.
③ But perhaps more common than insomnia is fragmented sleep—the easy awakening that comes with aging, or worse, the sleep apnea that afflicts millions, who quit breathing for 30 or so over and over throughout the night.
④ Interrupting sleep seriously disrupts memory-making, compelling new research suggests.
⑤ Over time，a chronic lack of sleep can erode the body in ways that leave us more vulnerable to heart disease，diabetes and other illnesses.
A.⑤④③①② B.④②①⑤③ C.③④⑤①② D.④③⑤②①
(48) ① Those in the breast-feeding encouragement group were，on average,
breast-fed longer than the others and were less likely to have been given formula in a bottle.
② The children were monitored for about six and a half years. The children in the group where breast-feeding was encouraged scored about 5 percent higher in IQ tests and did better academically, the researchers found.
③ A new study provides some of the best evidence to date that breast-feeding can make children smarter.
④ About half the 14，000 babies wer6 randomly assigned to a group in which prolonged and exclusive breast-feeding by the mother was encouraged at Balarussian hospitals and clinics. The mothers of the other babies received no special encouragement.
⑤ Children whose mothers breast-fed them longer and did not mix in baby formula scored higher on intelligence tests, the researchers in Canada and Belarus reported.
A.③④⑤②① B.④⑤③①② C.④③②①⑤ D.③⑤④①②
下面49—58题申报高级职称者必做，申报中级职称者不做，做了也不判分。
六、语句填空（10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案填入文中空白处。
Questions 49~53 are based on the following passage ：
The F. D. A. is everywhere these days，or so it seems. Sellers of dubious medical devices claim in late-night TV advertisements that their products are “registered with the F. D. A.” Some vitamins and homeopathic remedies, many with doubtful benefits, boast on their labels that they are “F. D. A. approved.”group, has found that some drug information sheets are dangerously wrong or misleading.
The F. D. A. is the federal agency charged with overseeing the safety of drugs， medical devices, food, cosmetics and many other health-related products. But although the agency has regulatory authority over nearly 25 percent of the nation’s economy, For example, the F. D. A. does almost nothing to ensure that dietary supplements work as advertised.
In the past year, the agency has seized thousands of Asian herbal supplements promoting virility because they contained the active ingredient in Viagra, a regulated substance. Similarly, the F. D. A. exempts over-the-counter homeopathic remedies from its testing. ，the F. D. A. ’s role is more complicated. In most cases, the F. D. A. demands that manufacturers seeking to sell drugs in the United States，either over the counter or prescription, prove that theyVe safe and effective. But there are exceptions, and these can be hard to spot. Officials have promised for decades that they would catch up with these products. But dozens, perhaps hundreds，still remain.
(49)A. Besides the F. D. A has no role in writing or over seeing most of these sheets.
B. But the F.D. A. has no role in writing or overseeing most of these sheets.
C. However, the F. D. A. has authority in writing or overseeing most of these sheets.
D. So the F. D. A. has authority in writing or overseeing most of these sheets.
(50) A. it is important to understand what it regulates closely and what it doesn’t.
B. it is not necessary to understand what it regulates closely and what it doesn’t.
C. it is important not to understand what it regulates closely and what it doesn’t.
D. it is strange to understand what it regulates closely and what it doesn’t.
(51) A. Only when supplements are proved to be safe or to contain regulated substances the agency can take action.
B. Unless supplements are proved to be unsafe or to contain no regulated substances the agency can take action.
C. Only when supplements are proved to be unsafe or to contain regulated substances can the agency take action.
D. Unless when supplements are proved to be unsafe or to contain regulated substances can the agency take action.
(52) A. As a result，any reference to the F. D. A. on dietary supplements or
homeopathic medicines generally does mean that the agency has found the products to be safe or effective.
B. So any reference to the F. D. A. on dietary supplements or homeopathic medicines generally does not mean that the agency has found the products to be safe or effective.
C. But any reference to the F.D. A. on dietary supplements or homeopathic medicines generally means that the agency has found the products to be unsafe or ineffective.
D. Thus any reference to the F. D. A. on dietary supplements or homeopathic medicines generally does not mean that the agency has found the products to be unsafe or ineffective.
(53) A. A small number of older prescription medicines have been around for so long that they have never been vetted by the agency.
B. A large number of newer prescription medicines have been around for a while that they have not been vetted by the agency.
C. A surprising number of older prescription medicines have been around for so
long that they have never been vetted by the agency.
D. A surprising number of newer prescription medicines have been around for a while that they have not been vetted by the agency.
Questions 54—58 are based on the following passage：
American doctors are puzzled by what seems to be an increase in the number of children with kidney stones, a condition some blame on a love of cheeseburgers, fries and other salty foods.
Kidney stones are usually an adult malady，one that is notorious for causing excruciating pain pain—worse than childbirthkids with kidney stones have been turning up in rising numbers at hospitals around the country. At the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, the number of children treated for kidney stones since 2005 has climbed from about ten a year to five patients a week.
Kids，stones have been the talk of recent pediatric kidney specialists’ conferences, said Uri Alon, director of the bone and mineral disorders clinic at Children’s Mercy Hospital in Kansas City.
So far，the only evidence is anecdotal.not just the result of greater awareness and better ways of detecting stones. Mr. Alon is also studying whether improved nutrition can prevent kids，kidney stones.
Eating too much salt can result in excess calcium in the urine. and Alan said their eating habits, plus drinking too little water，puts them at risk. Plenty of water is generally recommended to help prevent kidney stones. for an average-size 10-year-old, it would be about four cups a day on top of whatever else they are drinking.
The main problem associated with kidney stones is extreme pain. It is caused by stones blocking urine flow, which, if untreated, could lead to kidney damage. Stones can be as small as a sugar granule or as large as a pearl. Bigger ones have been reported but are rare； most are less than 1/4 inch in diameter, which can usually pass on their own. But even small ones can mean incredible pain.
（54）A. While the number of affected children is large,
B. As the number of affected children is not large,
C. While the number of affected children is not large,
D. Although the number of affected children is large,
(55) A. Therefore, Alon is involved in research trying to determine if the increase is real
B. But Alon is involved in research trying to determine if the increase is real
C. Only Alon is involved in research trying to determine if the increase is real
D.And Alon is involved in research trying to determine if the increase is real
(56) A. In children, most stones are calcium-based,
B. For children，some stones are calcium-based，
C. As children，most stones are not calcium-based,
D. At children, most stones are not calcium-based，
(57) A. The amount of water is decided by a child’s body；
B. How many cups of water are needed for a child；
C. What a child needs depends on his size；
D. How much water depends on a child’s size；
(58) A. The best treatment is observation—giving kids pain medicine but nothing else to see if the stones will pass on their own.
B. The preferred treatment is observation—giving kids pain medicine but nothing else to see if the stones will pass on their own.
C. Another choice is observation—giving kids pain medicine but nothing else to see if the stones will pass on their own.
D. The other treatment is observation—giving kids pain medicine but nothing else to see if the stones will pass on their own.
七、翻译(10小题，每小题2分,共20分）
(一）中译英
下面五题中文句子，每题均有A、B、C、D四个英文翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案。
(59)收入、家庭背景和环境因素是其他需要考虑在内的变数。
A. Income, family situation and environment need to be considered.
B. We need to consider variables such as income, family and environment.
C. Income, family background and environmental factors are other variables that need to be considered.
D. Variables such as income, family situation and environmental factors need to be considered.
(60) 这一研究发现意味着经济衰退会让更多的女性生女孩。
A. This research finding means the economical recession could make more women produce girls.
B. The research points that more women will give birth to girls because of of the recession.
C. The finding means the economic downturn could see more women give birth to daughters.
D. The findings points that economical downturn may cause women to give birth to daughters.
(61) 自1940年以来世界人口已经增加了两倍，专家说这样的增长速度给居民造成了 日益严重的威胁。
A. Since 1940, the number of world population has doubled and experts say this speed will pose a great danger to citizens.
B. Since 1940，the number of world population has tripled and experts say this will cause an increasing danger to citizens.
C. Experts say the pace of growth，which has seen the number of people on the planet triple since 1940, poses an increasing danger to citizens.
D. Experts say the pace of growth, which has seen the number of people on the planet double since 1940，poses a great danger to citizens.
(62) 科学家尚不完全清楚维生素制剂导致过早死亡的原因，但这些制剂会妨碍人体的自然抵抗力。
A. The scientists do not clearly know the reason artificial vitamins may lead to death, but they may hinder the body’s natural defences.
B. The scientists do not completely understand why the artificial vitamins may cause early death，but they may prevent the body’s natural defences.
C. The scientists do not fully understand how vitamin supplements may trigger early death, but they may interfere with the body’s natural defences.
D. The scientists may not know why the vitamin supplements will result in early death, but they will hinder the body’s natural defences.
（63） 除非有明显的病因，比如营养缺乏症，否则我们不建议服用膳食补充剂。
A. Unless there is obvious reason of illnesses, such as lack of nutrition, we do not suggest dietary supplements be used.
B. Unless there exists clear cause of illnesses，otherwise we do not suggest dietary supplements be used.
C. We do not recommend that dietary supplements be used unless there is obvious reason of illness, such as lack of nutrition.
D. We recommend that dietary supplements be used with strong medically- based cause, such as symptomatic nutrient deficiency disease.
(二）英译中
下面五题英文句子，每题均有A、B、C、D四个中文翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案。
（64） Generally car and public transport users suffered more everyday stress, poorer sleep quality9 exhaustion and, on a seven point scale, felt that they struggled with their health compared to the active commuters.
A. 一般来说，乘汽车和公共交通工具上下班的人每天要承受更多压力，睡眠质 董更差，感觉更疲劳。而且，根据他们在最高分为7分的健康评估表上的打 分情况，和动态出行方式的上班族相比，他们觉得自己健康状况更差。
B. 总体来说,汽车和公共交通的使用者每天要承受更多压力，睡眠质量更差，感 觉更疲劳。而且，根据他们在最高分为7分的健康评估表上的打分情况，和 动态出行方式的上班族相比，他们觉得自己健康状况更差。
C. 一般来说，乘汽车和公共交通工具上下班的人每天要承受更多压力，睡眠质 量更差，感觉更疲劳。而且，在7分的健康评估表上的打分，他们觉得与以积 极方式交流的人相比较，他们需要与自己的身体抗争。
D. 一般来说,乘汽车和公共交通工具上下班的人每天要承受更多压力，睡眠质 量更差，感觉更疲劳。而且，根据他们在一个7分的健康评估表上的打分情 况，和积极出行方式的上班族相比，他们觉得自己健康状况更差。
（65）Ageing populations are also set to pose a problem with some industrial countries, such as Japan, nearly doubling its share of the population aged 65 and over in the past 20 years. This will put increased pressure on pension and healthcare systems.
A. 人口老龄化也将给一些工业国家带来问题，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁以上人口的数量几乎翻了一番。这会把不断增加的压力放到养老和医疗体 系上。
B. 人口老龄化也将对一些工业国家造成困扰，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁以上人口的数量几乎翻了一番。这会日益加重养老和医疗体系的负担。
C. 人口老龄化也将对一些工业国家造成困扰，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁以上人口的份额几乎增加了两倍。这会日益加重养老和医疗体系的负担。
D. 人口老龄化也将对一些工业国家带来问题，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁 以上人口的份额几乎增加了两倍。这会日益加重养老和医疗体系的负担。
(66) A study found that those who were under pressure at home, work or in their love life in the weeks or months before becoming pregnant had higher than usual odds of giving birth to a daughter rather than a son.
A. —项研究发现,那些怀孕前数周或数月在家庭、工作或感情生活上感到压力 的女性有更太的昨可能性生女儿而不是儿子。
B. —项研究发现，那些在家庭、工作或感情生活上有压力的女性生女孩的可能 性要比生男孩的几率更高。
C. 一项研究发规，那些怀孕前数周或数月在家庭、工作或感情生活±有压力的 女性有更大的可能性生女儿而不是儿子。
D. —项研究莩现,那些怀孕前数周或数月在家庭、工作或感情生活上感到压力 的女性生女考的几手更高。
（67） “Underlying causes of vitamin D deficiency such as less sun exposure as a result of decreased outdoor activity, different housing or clothing habits and decreased vitamin intake may be secondary to depression, but depression may also be the consequence of poor vitamin D levels，” the study, released Monday, said.
A. 体内缺乏维生素D的潜在原因，比如户外活动减少、不同的居住条件或穿衣 习惯引起晒太阳时间减少，以及维生素摄人量减少，也许是导致抑郁症的间 接原因；但是抑郁症可能是体内维生素D水平低造成的。本周一公布的一项研究说。
B. 本周一公布的一项研究称，“户外活动减少、不同的居住条件或穿衣习惯引起晒太阳时间减少，以及维生素摄人量减少,这些都是体内缺乏维生素D的潜在原因，是导致抑郁症的第二个原因，但是抑郁症也可能是体内维生素D水平低的结果。”
C. 本周一公布的一项研究称，“户外活动减少、不同的居住条件或穿衣习惯引起 晒太阳时间减少，以及维生素摄人量减少，这些都是体内缺乏维生素D的潜 在原因，它们或许不是导致抑郁症的直接原因，但是抑郁症可能是体内维生素D水平低造成的。”
D. “体内缺乏维生素D的潜在原因，例如户外活动减少、不同的居住条件或穿 衣习惯引起晒太阳时间减少，以及维生素摄人量减少，它们或许是导致抑郁 症的第二个原因，但是抑郁症可能是体内维生素D水平低造成的。”
(68) The findings could be important in treating depression as both low blood vitamin D levels and high parathyroid hormone levels can be corrected by dietary and calcium supplements or increased exposure to sunlight.
A. 这些研究结果对于治疗抑郁症很重要，因为低的血液中维生素D水平和高 的甲状旁腺激素水平都可以纠正通过饮食、补钙或多晒太阳。
B. 这些发现对于治疗抑郁症很重要，因为血液中维生素D含量低以及甲状旁 腺荷尔蒙水平过高都可以被纠正通过饮食、补钙或增加接触阳光。
C. 这些发现对于治疗抑郁症很重要，因为血液中低的维生素D水平以及甲状 旁腺的荷尔蒙水平都可通过饮食、补钙或增加接触阳光来改善。
D. 这些研究结果对于治疗抑郁症很重要，因为血液中维生素D含量低以及甲
状旁腺激素水平过高都可通过饮食、补钙或多晒太阳来改善。
参考答案
一、词汇与语法选择
(1)—(5) CCABB
(6)—(10) BCADC
(11)—(15) ABADC
(16)—(20) DABDA
二、改错
(21)—(25) ADDAD
(26)—(30) CCCBD
三、回答问題
(31)—(35) ABCBC
(36)—(40) ADADB
四、短文填补
(41)—(44) BCDB
五、语句排列
(45)—(48) ADBD
六、语句填空
(49) 一（53) BACBC
(54)—(58) CBADB
七、翻译
(59)—(68) ABDCD
卫生英语全真模拟一及答案
说明：本试卷共七大题，申报高级职称者全做，满分为120分；申报中级职称者做 第一、二、三、四、五、七大题，满分为100分。第六大题申报中级职称者不做，做了也不判分。
一、词汇与语法选择(20小题，每小题0. 5分，共10分）
在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案。
(1) Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for anyone with the Internet______.
A. entrance B. admission C. access D. involvement
(2) Successful development of inexpensive drugs for AIDS has much______for HIV patients.
A. influence B. complication C. implication D. specification
(3) Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors，such as poor eating habits， which______increase the risk of heart disease.
A. in turn B. in return C. by turns D. by chance
(4) The new law is believed to be the world’s first legislation aimed______at the commercial organ transaction.
A. implicitly B. exclusively C. inclusively D. specially
(5) She went into a deep______after taking an overdose of sleeping pills.
A. uncertainty B. coma C. consciousness D. comma
(6) A beam of light will not bend round the corners unless______to do so with the help of a reflecting device.
A. being done B. made C. to be made D. having made
(7) You had better______teasing these newcomers，for that will hurt their feeling.
A. leave out B. leave for C. leave off D. leave behind
(8) According to the periodic table，______ still some elements undiscovered.
A. there seem to be B. it seems to be C. it seems that D.here seem
(9) The results were to______yesterday, but we have heard nothing.
A.reveal B. have revealed C.be revealed D. have been revealed
(10) On no account______to anyone who works in the company.
A.my name must be mentioned B.my name must mention
C. must my name be mentioned D.must my name mention
(11) Grey whales have long been______in the north Atlantic and hunting was an important cause for that.
A.extinct B.extinguished C. detained D. deprived
(12)He was given major responsibility for operating the remote manipulator to______ the newly launched satellite.
A. retreat B. retrieve C. embocjy D. embrace
(13)This clearly shows that crops and weeds have quite a number of______in common.
A. traits B. traces C. tracks D. trails
(14)From science to Shakespeare, excellent television and video programs are available______to teachers.
A. in stock B. in store C. in operation D. in abundance The developing nations
(15)want rich countries to help shoulder the cost of______forest.
A. updating B. upgrading C. conserving D. constructing
(16)I must congratulate you______the excellent design of the new bridge.
A.with B. of C. at D. on
(17) ______ that he wasn’t happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.
A.Perceiving B. Penetrating C.Puzzling D. Preserving
(18)First published in 1927，the charts remain an source for researchers.
A.identical B.indispensable C.intelligent D.inevitable
(19)We booked rooms at the hotel______we should find no vacancies on our arrival.
A.whenever B. since C. if D. lest
(20)Small as it is，the ant is as much a creature as______all other animals on earth.
A. are B. is C. do D.have
二、改错（10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
在A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出一个含有语言错误的选项。
A B C D
supplies.
A B
C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
of the products.
(26)
A B C D
(27)
A B C D
approved by the Commission.
(28)
A B C D
(29)
A B C D
this condensing unit.
(30)
A B C D
三、回答问题(10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下面短文并完成后面的题目。在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能够回答所提问题的最佳答案。
Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage：
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune(免疫 的）function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam， researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory(血淋淋的）video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody. Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can
help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage，” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
“Sustained stress is not good for you，” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity. “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective. ”
(31)The passage is mainly about_________.
A. the benefits of manageable stress
B. how to avoid stress
C. the effect of stress harmonies on memory
D. how to cope with stress effectively
（32）The word “shun” (Line 1，Para. 1) most probably means_________.
A. cut down on
B. stay away from
C. run out of
D. put up with
（33）We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that_________..
A. people under stress tend to have a poor memory
B. people who can’t get their job done experience more stress
C. doing challenging work may be good for one’s health
D. stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs
（34） In the experiment described in Para. 3，the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because_________..
A.the video was not enjoyable at all
B. the outcome was beyond their control
C. they knew little about surgical procedures
D. they felt no pressure while watching the video
（35）Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that_________.
A. a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body
B. stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain
C. short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function
D. a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress
Questions 36~40 are based on the following passage：
In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us—the so-called fight-or-flight response. “An animal that
can’t detect danger can’t stay alive，” says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals，humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons(神经元）deep in the brain known as the amygdala (扁桃体，杏仁核）.
LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information，the amygdala appraised a situation—I think this
charging dog wants to bite me—and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress： trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three.
This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals，but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know they’re afraid. That is, as LeDoux says, “if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear. ”
Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems，and you get a near-universal human phenomenon： worry.
That’s not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell. “When used properly， worry is an incredible device，，，he says. After all，a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action—like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.
Hallowell insists，though，that there’s a right way to worry. “Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan，” he says. Most of us have survived a recession, so we，re familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a
Unfortunately，few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so it’s been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. That’s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro and buying gas masks.
（36） The “so-called fight-or-flight response” (Line 2，Para. 1) refers to_________.
A. the biological process in which human beings，sense of self-defense evolves
B. the instinctive fear human beings feel when faced with potential danger
C. the act of evaluating a dangerous situation and making a quick decision
D. the elaborate mechanism in the human brain for retrieving information
（37）From the studies conducted by LeDoux, we learn that_________.
A. reactions of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictable
B. memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distress
C. people’s unpleasant memories are derived from their feelings of fear
D. the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animal responses to potential danger
(38) From the passage we know that_________.
A. a little worry will do us good if handled properly
B. a little worry will enable us to survive a recession
C. fear strengthens the human desire to survive danger
D. fear helps people to anticipate certain future events
(39) According to Hallowell, which of the following is the best way to deal with your worries?
A. Ask for help-from the people around you.
B. Use the belt-tightening strategies for survival.
C. Seek professional advice and take action.
D. Understand the situation and be fully prepared.
(40) In Hallowell，s view, people’s reaction to the terrorist threat last fall was
A. ridiculous B. understandable
C. over-cautious D. sensible
四、短文填补（4小题，每小题5分，共20分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从所给选项中选出所给句子最适合补入的一处。
(41)As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.
A European study has revealed that 100% fruit and vegetable juices are as
effective as their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts in reducing risk factors related to certain diseases. (A) The researchers in UK analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to the effects of both fiber and antioxidants(抗 氧化剂）•
(B) “When considering cancer and coronary heart diseases prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said. (C) The researchers added that the positioning of juices as being nutritionally inferior to whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is “unjustified，，and that policies，which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined. (D) The researchers who authored the paper suggest more studies in certain area are needed to support their findings.
(42)Through therapeutic cloning，scientists would create embryos to harvest stem cells，which may hold the key to treating a wide range of disease.
It is interesting to notice the fact that people from different walks of life are working together in search of a better view across the industrialized world and beyond.
(A) The mystery in question is none other than the human embryo cloned a la Dolly.
(B) The aim is not to produce people. (C) But like most passionate debates, the real issue—commercialization—sits quietly in the background of the emotional din. (D) The debate erupted across the industrially advanced world on January 22，2002 when Britain became the first European country to legalize the creation of cloned human embryos.
(43)If there is a cancer risk，it is a small one.
Can electricity cause cancer? A growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies(恶性肿瘤）（.A) In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form last week, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. (B) The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-length—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. (C) The report is no reason to panic, or even to lose sleep. (D) The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration，and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and
the White House.
(44)Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods，who feels OK but exercises only occasionally.
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing diseaseespecially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits，smoking and failure to exercise. (A) The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. (B) This person is not ill. (C) She/He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. (D) But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
五、语句排列(4小题，每小题5分，共20分)
阅读下面每题中的五个句子，根据上下逻辑关系，重新排列句子，并选出正确的 答案。
(45) ① Heart attacks and related problems are the top killer, especially among women, claiming 29 percent of people who die each year，WHO said in a report on the global burden of disease.
② Cancer, in third, claims 12.6 percent of global deaths, said the 146-page report, which is based on death registration data from 112 countries and estimates where reporting is incomplete.
③ In second place, infectious diseases lead to 16. 2 percent of worldwide deaths.
④ Heart ailments, infectious diseases and cancer remain the world’s top three killers, the UN health agency said on Monday.
⑤ The figures are from 2004，the most recent records available on a wide scale，officials from WHO said.
④①③②⑤ B.④③②①⑤ C.③④②⑤① D.④③②⑤①
(46) ① US scientists recently discovered a gene that may pave the way for a
vaccine. Delfraissy，of ANRS, also predicts a revival in basic research to find molecules capable of attacking the virus at a stage where it has not yet been detected. ② Researchers have also discovered new molecules and have launched tests on new triple treatments that have proved effective for patients no longer responding to other therapies.
③ But AIDS research was given a boost in October when the 2008 Nobel Medicine Prize was bestowed to a pair of scientists who discovered HIV.
④ Scientists are also interested in the cases of some HIV-positive people who never develop full-blown AIDS.
⑤ Meanwhile，research on finding an effective AIDS shot continues.
A. ③⑤④②① B.③①②④⑤ C.④②③⑤① D.③②⑤①④
(47) ① Surveys suggest few adults attain the recommended seven to eight hours a night. Sleep too little clearly is dangerous： Sleep deprivation causes not just car crashes but all sorts of other accidents.
② But taking a nap may boost a sophisticated kind of memory that helps us see
the big picture and get creative.
③ But perhaps more common than insomnia is fragmented sleep—the easy awakening that comes with aging, or worse, the sleep apnea that afflicts millions, who quit breathing for 30 or so over and over throughout the night.
④ Interrupting sleep seriously disrupts memory-making, compelling new research suggests.
⑤ Over time，a chronic lack of sleep can erode the body in ways that leave us more vulnerable to heart disease，diabetes and other illnesses.
A.⑤④③①② B.④②①⑤③ C.③④⑤①② D.④③⑤②①
(48) ① Those in the breast-feeding encouragement group were，on average,
breast-fed longer than the others and were less likely to have been given formula in a bottle.
② The children were monitored for about six and a half years. The children in the group where breast-feeding was encouraged scored about 5 percent higher in IQ tests and did better academically, the researchers found.
③ A new study provides some of the best evidence to date that breast-feeding can make children smarter.
④ About half the 14，000 babies wer6 randomly assigned to a group in which prolonged and exclusive breast-feeding by the mother was encouraged at Balarussian hospitals and clinics. The mothers of the other babies received no special encouragement.
⑤ Children whose mothers breast-fed them longer and did not mix in baby formula scored higher on intelligence tests, the researchers in Canada and Belarus reported.
A.③④⑤②① B.④⑤③①② C.④③②①⑤ D.③⑤④①②
下面49—58题申报高级职称者必做，申报中级职称者不做，做了也不判分。
六、语句填空（10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案填入文中空白处。
Questions 49~53 are based on the following passage ：
The F. D. A. is everywhere these days，or so it seems. Sellers of dubious medical devices claim in late-night TV advertisements that their products are “registered with the F. D. A.” Some vitamins and homeopathic remedies, many with doubtful benefits, boast on their labels that they are “F. D. A. approved.”group, has found that some drug information sheets are dangerously wrong or misleading.
The F. D. A. is the federal agency charged with overseeing the safety of drugs， medical devices, food, cosmetics and many other health-related products. But although the agency has regulatory authority over nearly 25 percent of the nation’s economy, For example, the F. D. A. does almost nothing to ensure that dietary supplements work as advertised.
In the past year, the agency has seized thousands of Asian herbal supplements promoting virility because they contained the active ingredient in Viagra, a regulated substance. Similarly, the F. D. A. exempts over-the-counter homeopathic remedies from its testing. ，the F. D. A. ’s role is more complicated. In most cases, the F. D. A. demands that manufacturers seeking to sell drugs in the United States，either over the counter or prescription, prove that theyVe safe and effective. But there are exceptions, and these can be hard to spot. Officials have promised for decades that they would catch up with these products. But dozens, perhaps hundreds，still remain.
(49)A. Besides the F. D. A has no role in writing or over seeing most of these sheets.
B. But the F.D. A. has no role in writing or overseeing most of these sheets.
C. However, the F. D. A. has authority in writing or overseeing most of these sheets.
D. So the F. D. A. has authority in writing or overseeing most of these sheets.
(50) A. it is important to understand what it regulates closely and what it doesn’t.
B. it is not necessary to understand what it regulates closely and what it doesn’t.
C. it is important not to understand what it regulates closely and what it doesn’t.
D. it is strange to understand what it regulates closely and what it doesn’t.
(51) A. Only when supplements are proved to be safe or to contain regulated substances the agency can take action.
B. Unless supplements are proved to be unsafe or to contain no regulated substances the agency can take action.
C. Only when supplements are proved to be unsafe or to contain regulated substances can the agency take action.
D. Unless when supplements are proved to be unsafe or to contain regulated substances can the agency take action.
(52) A. As a result，any reference to the F. D. A. on dietary supplements or
homeopathic medicines generally does mean that the agency has found the products to be safe or effective.
B. So any reference to the F. D. A. on dietary supplements or homeopathic medicines generally does not mean that the agency has found the products to be safe or effective.
C. But any reference to the F.D. A. on dietary supplements or homeopathic medicines generally means that the agency has found the products to be unsafe or ineffective.
D. Thus any reference to the F. D. A. on dietary supplements or homeopathic medicines generally does not mean that the agency has found the products to be unsafe or ineffective.
(53) A. A small number of older prescription medicines have been around for so long that they have never been vetted by the agency.
B. A large number of newer prescription medicines have been around for a while that they have not been vetted by the agency.
C. A surprising number of older prescription medicines have been around for so
long that they have never been vetted by the agency.
D. A surprising number of newer prescription medicines have been around for a while that they have not been vetted by the agency.
Questions 54—58 are based on the following passage：
American doctors are puzzled by what seems to be an increase in the number of children with kidney stones, a condition some blame on a love of cheeseburgers, fries and other salty foods.
Kidney stones are usually an adult malady，one that is notorious for causing excruciating pain pain—worse than childbirthkids with kidney stones have been turning up in rising numbers at hospitals around the country. At the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, the number of children treated for kidney stones since 2005 has climbed from about ten a year to five patients a week.
Kids，stones have been the talk of recent pediatric kidney specialists’ conferences, said Uri Alon, director of the bone and mineral disorders clinic at Children’s Mercy Hospital in Kansas City.
So far，the only evidence is anecdotal.not just the result of greater awareness and better ways of detecting stones. Mr. Alon is also studying whether improved nutrition can prevent kids，kidney stones.
Eating too much salt can result in excess calcium in the urine. and Alan said their eating habits, plus drinking too little water，puts them at risk. Plenty of water is generally recommended to help prevent kidney stones. for an average-size 10-year-old, it would be about four cups a day on top of whatever else they are drinking.
The main problem associated with kidney stones is extreme pain. It is caused by stones blocking urine flow, which, if untreated, could lead to kidney damage. Stones can be as small as a sugar granule or as large as a pearl. Bigger ones have been reported but are rare； most are less than 1/4 inch in diameter, which can usually pass on their own. But even small ones can mean incredible pain.
（54）A. While the number of affected children is large,
B. As the number of affected children is not large,
C. While the number of affected children is not large,
D. Although the number of affected children is large,
(55) A. Therefore, Alon is involved in research trying to determine if the increase is real
B. But Alon is involved in research trying to determine if the increase is real
C. Only Alon is involved in research trying to determine if the increase is real
D.And Alon is involved in research trying to determine if the increase is real
(56) A. In children, most stones are calcium-based,
B. For children，some stones are calcium-based，
C. As children，most stones are not calcium-based,
D. At children, most stones are not calcium-based，
(57) A. The amount of water is decided by a child’s body；
B. How many cups of water are needed for a child；
C. What a child needs depends on his size；
D. How much water depends on a child’s size；
(58) A. The best treatment is observation—giving kids pain medicine but nothing else to see if the stones will pass on their own.
B. The preferred treatment is observation—giving kids pain medicine but nothing else to see if the stones will pass on their own.
C. Another choice is observation—giving kids pain medicine but nothing else to see if the stones will pass on their own.
D. The other treatment is observation—giving kids pain medicine but nothing else to see if the stones will pass on their own.
七、翻译(10小题，每小题2分,共20分）
(一）中译英
下面五题中文句子，每题均有A、B、C、D四个英文翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案。
(59)收入、家庭背景和环境因素是其他需要考虑在内的变数。
A. Income, family situation and environment need to be considered.
B. We need to consider variables such as income, family and environment.
C. Income, family background and environmental factors are other variables that need to be considered.
D. Variables such as income, family situation and environmental factors need to be considered.
(60) 这一研究发现意味着经济衰退会让更多的女性生女孩。
A. This research finding means the economical recession could make more women produce girls.
B. The research points that more women will give birth to girls because of of the recession.
C. The finding means the economic downturn could see more women give birth to daughters.
D. The findings points that economical downturn may cause women to give birth to daughters.
(61) 自1940年以来世界人口已经增加了两倍，专家说这样的增长速度给居民造成了 日益严重的威胁。
A. Since 1940, the number of world population has doubled and experts say this speed will pose a great danger to citizens.
B. Since 1940，the number of world population has tripled and experts say this will cause an increasing danger to citizens.
C. Experts say the pace of growth，which has seen the number of people on the planet triple since 1940, poses an increasing danger to citizens.
D. Experts say the pace of growth, which has seen the number of people on the planet double since 1940，poses a great danger to citizens.
(62) 科学家尚不完全清楚维生素制剂导致过早死亡的原因，但这些制剂会妨碍人体的自然抵抗力。
A. The scientists do not clearly know the reason artificial vitamins may lead to death, but they may hinder the body’s natural defences.
B. The scientists do not completely understand why the artificial vitamins may cause early death，but they may prevent the body’s natural defences.
C. The scientists do not fully understand how vitamin supplements may trigger early death, but they may interfere with the body’s natural defences.
D. The scientists may not know why the vitamin supplements will result in early death, but they will hinder the body’s natural defences.
（63） 除非有明显的病因，比如营养缺乏症，否则我们不建议服用膳食补充剂。
A. Unless there is obvious reason of illnesses, such as lack of nutrition, we do not suggest dietary supplements be used.
B. Unless there exists clear cause of illnesses，otherwise we do not suggest dietary supplements be used.
C. We do not recommend that dietary supplements be used unless there is obvious reason of illness, such as lack of nutrition.
D. We recommend that dietary supplements be used with strong medically- based cause, such as symptomatic nutrient deficiency disease.
(二）英译中
下面五题英文句子，每题均有A、B、C、D四个中文翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案。
（64） Generally car and public transport users suffered more everyday stress, poorer sleep quality9 exhaustion and, on a seven point scale, felt that they struggled with their health compared to the active commuters.
A. 一般来说，乘汽车和公共交通工具上下班的人每天要承受更多压力，睡眠质 董更差，感觉更疲劳。而且，根据他们在最高分为7分的健康评估表上的打 分情况，和动态出行方式的上班族相比，他们觉得自己健康状况更差。
B. 总体来说,汽车和公共交通的使用者每天要承受更多压力，睡眠质量更差，感 觉更疲劳。而且，根据他们在最高分为7分的健康评估表上的打分情况，和 动态出行方式的上班族相比，他们觉得自己健康状况更差。
C. 一般来说，乘汽车和公共交通工具上下班的人每天要承受更多压力，睡眠质 量更差，感觉更疲劳。而且，在7分的健康评估表上的打分，他们觉得与以积 极方式交流的人相比较，他们需要与自己的身体抗争。
D. 一般来说,乘汽车和公共交通工具上下班的人每天要承受更多压力，睡眠质 量更差，感觉更疲劳。而且，根据他们在一个7分的健康评估表上的打分情 况，和积极出行方式的上班族相比，他们觉得自己健康状况更差。
（65）Ageing populations are also set to pose a problem with some industrial countries, such as Japan, nearly doubling its share of the population aged 65 and over in the past 20 years. This will put increased pressure on pension and healthcare systems.
A. 人口老龄化也将给一些工业国家带来问题，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁以上人口的数量几乎翻了一番。这会把不断增加的压力放到养老和医疗体 系上。
B. 人口老龄化也将对一些工业国家造成困扰，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁以上人口的数量几乎翻了一番。这会日益加重养老和医疗体系的负担。
C. 人口老龄化也将对一些工业国家造成困扰，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁以上人口的份额几乎增加了两倍。这会日益加重养老和医疗体系的负担。
D. 人口老龄化也将对一些工业国家带来问题，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁 以上人口的份额几乎增加了两倍。这会日益加重养老和医疗体系的负担。
(66) A study found that those who were under pressure at home, work or in their love life in the weeks or months before becoming pregnant had higher than usual odds of giving birth to a daughter rather than a son.
A. —项研究发现,那些怀孕前数周或数月在家庭、工作或感情生活上感到压力 的女性有更太的昨可能性生女儿而不是儿子。
B. —项研究发现，那些在家庭、工作或感情生活上有压力的女性生女孩的可能 性要比生男孩的几率更高。
C. 一项研究发规，那些怀孕前数周或数月在家庭、工作或感情生活±有压力的 女性有更大的可能性生女儿而不是儿子。
D. —项研究莩现,那些怀孕前数周或数月在家庭、工作或感情生活上感到压力 的女性生女考的几手更高。
（67） “Underlying causes of vitamin D deficiency such as less sun exposure as a result of decreased outdoor activity, different housing or clothing habits and decreased vitamin intake may be secondary to depression, but depression may also be the consequence of poor vitamin D levels，” the study, released Monday, said.
A. 体内缺乏维生素D的潜在原因，比如户外活动减少、不同的居住条件或穿衣 习惯引起晒太阳时间减少，以及维生素摄人量减少，也许是导致抑郁症的间 接原因；但是抑郁症可能是体内维生素D水平低造成的。本周一公布的一项研究说。
B. 本周一公布的一项研究称，“户外活动减少、不同的居住条件或穿衣习惯引起晒太阳时间减少，以及维生素摄人量减少,这些都是体内缺乏维生素D的潜在原因，是导致抑郁症的第二个原因，但是抑郁症也可能是体内维生素D水平低的结果。”
C. 本周一公布的一项研究称，“户外活动减少、不同的居住条件或穿衣习惯引起 晒太阳时间减少，以及维生素摄人量减少，这些都是体内缺乏维生素D的潜 在原因，它们或许不是导致抑郁症的直接原因，但是抑郁症可能是体内维生素D水平低造成的。”
D. “体内缺乏维生素D的潜在原因，例如户外活动减少、不同的居住条件或穿 衣习惯引起晒太阳时间减少，以及维生素摄人量减少，它们或许是导致抑郁 症的第二个原因，但是抑郁症可能是体内维生素D水平低造成的。”
(68) The findings could be important in treating depression as both low blood vitamin D levels and high parathyroid hormone levels can be corrected by dietary and calcium supplements or increased exposure to sunlight.
A. 这些研究结果对于治疗抑郁症很重要，因为低的血液中维生素D水平和高 的甲状旁腺激素水平都可以纠正通过饮食、补钙或多晒太阳。
B. 这些发现对于治疗抑郁症很重要，因为血液中维生素D含量低以及甲状旁 腺荷尔蒙水平过高都可以被纠正通过饮食、补钙或增加接触阳光。
C. 这些发现对于治疗抑郁症很重要，因为血液中低的维生素D水平以及甲状 旁腺的荷尔蒙水平都可通过饮食、补钙或增加接触阳光来改善。
D. 这些研究结果对于治疗抑郁症很重要，因为血液中维生素D含量低以及甲
状旁腺激素水平过高都可通过饮食、补钙或多晒太阳来改善。
参考答案
一、词汇与语法选择
(1)—(5) CCABB
(6)—(10) BCADC
(11)—(15) ABADC
(16)—(20) DABDA
二、改错
(21)—(25) ADDAD
(26)—(30) CCCBD
三、回答问題
(31)—(35) ABCBC
(36)—(40) ADADB
四、短文填补
(41)—(44) BCDB
五、语句排列
(45)—(48) ADBD
六、语句填空
(49) 一（53) BACBC
(54)—(58) CBADB
七、翻译
(59)—(68) ABDCD