钢结构制造安装标准

力拓矿业集团扩展项目

NO. SKM-STD-C009说明书钢结构制造安装标准说明

1.0 范围

2.0 缩写

3.0 规范标准

3.1 标准说明书

3.2 澳大利亚规范标准

3.3 法定规则

4.0 材料

4.1 概述

4.2 认证

4.3 替代部分

4.4 钢板

4.5 热轧部分

4.6 焊接部分

4.7 底板

4.8 凹陷部分

4.9 冷弯镀锌钢部分

4.10 紧固

4.11 格栅

4.12 楼梯、爬梯、扶手

5.0 检验检测

5.1 材质检测

5.2 焊缝检验检测

5.2.1目测

5.2.2 无损检测，SP焊接

5.2.3 无损检测报告内容

5.2.4 焊缝疲劳检测

5.2.5 典型试样

5.2.6 不符合标准焊缝修补

5.3 工程师检验

5.4 工厂检验

5.5 安装检验

5.6 表面保护

6.0 制造

6.1 概述

6.2 工厂图纸

6.3 公差

6.4 切割折弯

6.5 拼接连接

6.6 螺栓孔

6.7 管状结构

6.8 钢格栅

6.9 衍条围梁

7.0 螺栓

7.1 概述

7.2 不锈钢螺栓连接

7.3 低碳钢螺栓

7.3.1 精密螺栓

7.3.2 高强度螺栓连接

8.0 焊接

8.1 概述

8.2 焊接管理

8.3 最小角焊缝尺寸

8.4 预热

8.5 对接焊接

8.6 焊缝程序和实施资格

8.7 焊接材料

8.8 焊接场地

8.9 焊缝修补

9.0 表面保护

9.1 概述

9.2 Gilsomastic Paint

10.0 MARKING标注

10.1 概述

10.2 方法

10.3 位置

10.4 主体水平标注

11.0 搬运、存储和发货

11.1 搬运、存储

11.2 发货

12.0 安装集装

12.1 概述

12.2 校准、安装

12.3 金属地板装饰

12.4 底板格栅

12.5 安装公差

12.6 安装底座

13.0 扶手

13.1 制造与安装

13.2 表面防护

14.0 钢结构修改

14.1 概述

14.2 修改与纠正

14.3 切割

14.4 打孔

14.5 结束

15.0 灌浆

15.1 准备

15.2 模架

15.3 灌浆

15.4 固化

16.0 清理

附录

附录A-不锈钢紧固件

附录B-碳钢紧固件结构等级

1.0 SCOPE

This specification covers the requirements for the fabrication and erection of structural steel and mechanical steelwork, including materials, inspection and testing, fabrication, bolting, welding, handling, storage, delivery to, erection, modifications and grouting of base plates

1.0 范围

本规范涵盖结构钢和机械钢结构制造和架设的要求，包括材料、检查和测试、制造、螺栓、焊接、搬运、储存、交付、安装、修改和底板灌浆。

2.0 ABBREVIATIONS

The abbreviations listed below, where used in this specification, shall have the following meanings:

AS Australian Standard

SAA Standards Association of Australia

AS/NZS Australian Standard / New Zealand Standard

WTIA Welding Technology Institute of Australia

NATA National Association of Testing Authorities

AINDT Australian Institute of Non Destructive Testing

2.0 缩写

下面列出在本规范中使用的缩写涵义：

AS 澳大利亚标准

SAA 澳大利亚标准协会

AS/NZS 澳大利亚标准/新西兰标准

WTIA 澳大利亚焊接技术研究所

NATA 国家检测机构协会

AINDT 澳大利亚无损检测研究所

3.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

The latest revision of the following documents shall form part of this specification

and shall apply wholly or partially as the case may be and as necessary for the performance of the Work under the Contract.

The contractor shall advise the Engineer in writing of any of the requirements of this specification that are of a lower standard than the local Standard or the contractor standard practice.

Local or international standards with requirements equal to or greater than the Standards nominated herein may be applied with the written approval of the Engineer.

In the event of inconsistencies between documents, drawings or reference

standards pertinent to the Contract, the more stringent requirements shall apply unless approved otherwise in writing by the Engineer.

3.0 规范标准

下列文件的最新版本，成为本规范的一部分，根据合同工程需要适用于全部或部分可能的情况。

承包商要求以书面形式告知工程师标准高于当地标准规范或者承包商的标准措施。当地或国际标准要求等同于或高于本标准，采用时需要经过工程师的书面批准。

文件、图纸或相关标准与合同不一致时，需采用更严格的要求，除非经过工程师的书面批准。

3.1 Standard Specifications

Specification No. Title

SKM-STD-C-005 Supply and Placement of Concrete

SKM-STD-C-006 Placement of Concrete

SKM-STD-C-007 Anchor Bolts

SKM-STD-C-010 Fabrication & Erection of Structural Steelwork for Marine Works

SKM-STD-C-011 Surface Preparation, Painting and Galvanising of Steelwork SKM-STD-G-001 Drawing and Documentation / Data Requirements 3.1 标准说明

说明编号标题

SKM-STD-C-005 混凝土供应与浇筑

SKM-STD-C-006 混凝土浇筑

SKM-STD-C-007 地脚螺栓

SKM-STD-C-010 海洋工程钢结构制造与安装

SKM-STD-C-011 钢结构表面准备、喷涂与镀锌

SKM-STD-C-001 图纸、文件/日期要求

3.2 Australian Codes and Standards

Unless otherwise specified or shown, the latest edition of the relevant Australian Codes and Standards, including but not limited to, the following:

Australian Standard Title

AS 1101 Part 3 - Graphical symbols for general engineering

– Welding and non-destructive examination

AS 1110 ISO Metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product Grades

A and B

AS 1111 ISO Metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product Grade C

AS 1112 ISO Metric hexagon nuts

AS 1163 Structural steel hollow sections

AS/NZS 1170 Part 0 – General principles

Part 1 – Permanent, imposed and other actions

Part 2 – Wind actions

Part 4 – Earthquake loads

AS 1171 Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing of

ferro-magnetic products, components and structures

AS 1214 Hot-dipped galvanised coatings on threaded fasteners

AS 1237 Plain washers for metric bolts, screws and nuts for

general purposes

AS/NZS 1252 High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and

washers for structural engineering

AS 1275 Metric screw threads for fasteners

AS 1397 Sheet steel and strip – Hot dipped zinc-coated or

aluminium/zinc-coated

AS 1418 Cranes, hoists and winches

Australian Standard Title

AS/NZS ISO 14343 Welding Consumables – wire electrodes, wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS ISO 17633 Welding consumables – Tubular cored electrodes and rods for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc

welding of stainless and heat resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4854 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels -

Classification

AS/NZS 4855 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4856 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creep resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4857 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

3.2 Australian Codes and Standards

Unless otherwise specified or shown, the latest edition of the relevant Australian Codes and Standards, including but not limited to, the following:

Australian Standard Title

AS 1101 Part 3 - Graphical symbols for general engineering

– Welding and non-destructive examination

AS 1110 ISO Metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product Grades

A and B

AS 1111 ISO Metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product Grade C

AS 1112 ISO Metric hexagon nuts

AS 1163 Structural steel hollow sections

AS/NZS 1170 Part 0 – General principles

Part 1 – Permanent, imposed and other actions

Part 2 – Wind actions

Part 4 – Earthquake loads

AS 1171 Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing of

ferro-magnetic products, components and structures

AS 1214 Hot-dipped galvanised coatings on threaded fasteners

AS 1237 Plain washers for metric bolts, screws and nuts for

general purposes

AS/NZS 1252 High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and

washers for structural engineering

AS 1275 Metric screw threads for fasteners

AS 1397 Sheet steel and strip – Hot dipped zinc-coated or

aluminium/zinc-coated

AS 1418 Cranes, hoists and winches

Australian Standard Title

AS/NZS ISO 14343 Welding Consumables – wire electrodes, wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS ISO 17633 Welding consumables – Tubular cored electrodes and rods for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc

welding of stainless and heat resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4854 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

metal arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels -

Classification

AS/NZS 4855 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4856 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

metal arc welding of creep resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4857 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

metal arc welding of high strength steels – Classification

AS/NZS ISO 17632 Welding Consumables – Tubular cored electrodes for

gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of

non-alloy and fine grained steels – Classification

AS/NZS ISO 17634 Welding Consumables – tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding of creep-resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS ISO 18276 Welding Consumables – Tubular cored electrodes for

gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of

high strength steels – Classification

AS/NZS 2717 Welding – Electrodes – Gas Metal Arc – Ferretic steel

electrodes

AS/NZS 1554 Structural steel welding

AS 1579 Arc welded steel pipes and fittings for water and

wastewater

AS 1627 Metal Finishing – Preparation and Pre-Treatment of

Surfaces

AS 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders –

design, construction and installation

AS 1710 Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic testing of carbon and

low alloy steel plate – Test methods and quality

classification

AS 1789 Electroplated zinc (electro galvanised) coatings on

ferrous articles (batch process)

AS 1796 Certification of welders and welding supervisors

AS 1858 Electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding

Australian Standard Title

AS 1966 Electric arc welding power sources

Part 1 – Transformer type

Part 2 – Rotary type

Part 3 – Plasma arc cutting and welding types

AS 2159 Piling – Design and installation

AS 2177 Non-destructive testing – Radiography of welded butt

joints in metal

AS 2207 Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic testing of fusion

welded joints in carbon and low alloy steels

AS 2214 Certification of welding supervisors

AS 2812 Welding, brazing and cutting of metals – Glossary of

terms

AS 2980 Qualification of welders for fusion welding of steel

AS/NZS 3678 Structural steel – Hot rolled plates, floor plates and slabs

AS/NZS 3679 Structural steel

Part 1 – Hot rolled bars and sections

Part 2 – Welded I sections

AS 3990 Mechanical equipment – Steelwork

AS 4100 Steel structures

AS 4291 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners

AS/NZS 4600 Cold-formed steel structures

AS/NZS 4673 Cold-formed stainless steel structures

ISO Standard Title

ISO 3506.1 & 2 Mechanical Properties of Corrosion Resistant Stainless

Steel Fasteners

3.2 澳大利亚规范标准

除非另有说明，澳大利亚最新版规范与标准包括但不限于：澳大利亚标准标题

AS 1101 第三部分 - 概述工程图形符号– 焊接与无损检测

AS 1110 ISO 公制六角螺栓和螺钉– 产品等级A、B

AS 1111 ISO 公制六角螺栓和螺钉 – 产品等级 C

AS 1112 ISO 公制六角螺栓螺母

AS 1163 空心钢结构

AS/NZS 1170 Part 0 – 一般原则

Part 1 – 永久、施加和其他效应

Part 2 – 风压效应

Part 4 – 地震荷载

AS 1171 无损检测– 磁铁产品、部件和结构磁粉探伤

AS 1214 螺纹紧固件热侵镀锌层

AS 1237 公制普通螺栓、螺钉、螺母的垫圈

AS/NZS 1252 钢结构工程高强度螺栓、螺母、垫圈

AS 1275 公制螺纹紧固件

AS 1397 钢板钢带 – 热侵镀锌层或铝/锌层

AS 1418 起重机、绞车、滑车

AS/NZS ISO 14343 焊材分类–不锈钢和耐热钢电弧焊用焊条、焊丝和焊棒

AS/NZS ISO 17633 焊材分类–不锈钢和耐热钢气体与非气体保护金属弧焊用管芯

焊条和焊棒

AS/NZS 4854 焊材分类–不锈钢和耐热钢手工金属弧焊用带焊皮焊条 AS/NZS 4855 焊材分类-非合金钢和细精钢手工金属弧焊用带焊皮焊条 AS/NZS 4856 焊材分类–抗蠕变钢手工金属弧焊用带焊皮焊条

AS/NZS 4857 焊材分类-高强度钢手工金属弧焊用带焊皮焊条

AS/NZS ISO 17632 焊材分类-非合金钢和细精钢气体与非气体保护金属弧焊用管

芯焊条

AS/NZS ISO 17634 焊材分类–抗蠕变钢气体金属弧焊管芯焊条

AS/NZS ISO 18276 焊材分类–高强度钢气体与非气体保护金属弧焊用管芯焊条 AS/NZS 2717 焊接–焊条-气体金属焊-铁素体焊条

AS/NZS 1554 钢结构焊接

AS 1579 电弧焊接钢管，供水和污水处理装置

AS 1627 金属加工-表面准备和预处理

AS 1657 固定平台、走道、楼梯和梯子-设计、施工和安装

AS 1710

AS 1789

AS 1796

AS 1858

AS 1966

AS 2159

AS 2177

AS 2207

AS 2214

AS 2812

AS 2980

AS/NZS 3678

AS/NZS 3679

AS 3990

AS 4100

AS 4291

AS/NZS 4600

AS/NZS 4673

ISO 标准

ISO 3506.1 & 2

国际标准等同于或高于相应的澳大利亚标准时，需经过工程师书面许可方可采用。

3.3 Statutory Regulations

The contractor shall be responsible for compliance of all Works with Australian Government Acts, By-laws and Regulations, both State and Federal, including but not limited to:

• Electricity Act Regulations (1945);

• Explosives and Dangerous Goods Act (1961) and Explosives Regulations (1963);

• WA Electrical Requirements (1995) Particular Specifications;

• WA Occupational Safety and Health Act (1984);

• WA Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (1996);

• Mines Safety and Inspection Act (1994);

• Mines Safety and Inspections Regulations (1995);

• Transport Operation (Marine Safety) Act (1994);

• Machinery Safety Regulations.

无损检测–碳钢和低合金钢板的超声波探伤–检测方法和质量等级含铁部件（批处理）电镀锌涂层焊工证与焊接管理埋弧焊焊条和焊剂电弧焊电源 Part 1 – 变压器类型 Part 2 – 旋转类型 Part 3 – 等离子弧切割和焊接类型 Piling – 设计与安装无损检测 – 对接焊接金属放射线无损检测 – 碳钢和低合金钢焊缝接头熔接超声波检测焊接管理员证书焊接、钎焊和金属切割 - 术语表融合钢板焊接焊工资格结构钢 - 热轧板、地板板材和板坯钢结构 Part 1 – 热轧钢筋和部件 Part 2 – 焊接部件机械设备 - 钢结构钢结构紧固件机械性能冷弯型钢结构冷弯型不锈钢钢结构标题耐腐蚀不锈钢紧固件机械性能

Where Works may be performed outside of Australia, the contractor shall comply with all applicable International and National Acts, By-laws and Regulations.

3.3 法定规则

承包商应负责遵守澳大利亚州和联邦所有的政府行为、法律和条例，包括但不限于： • 电力法条例 (1945)；

• 爆炸物及危险品法案(1961) 爆炸物条例(1963)；

• 西澳电气要求特殊说明(1995)；

• 西澳职业安全健康法 (1984)；

• 西澳职业健康和安全法(1996)；

• 煤矿安全和检验法 (1994)；

• 煤矿安全和检验规则(1995)；

• 运输业务法（海上安全）(1994)；

• 机械安全条例

在澳大利亚境外进行的工程，承包商应遵守所有适用的国际和国内法案、条例和法规。

4.0 MATERIALS

4.1 General

All materials shall be from an assured source and shall be new and of unused stock and free from splices for the full length between joints unless otherwise approved by the Engineer (see Section 6.6). All steel shall be free from rust, pitting and other defects which are likely to impair either its structural capacity or the quality of the protective coating system.

4.0 材料

4.1 概述

所有材料应保证其来源，材料应是全新的和未使用的，连接处拼接有足够长度，除非另有工程师批准（见6.6节）。所有钢材须没有生锈、麻点等缺陷，以及有可能损害其结构性能或保护涂层系统的质量。

4.2 Certification

The contractor shall obtain manufacturer’s material test certificates or certified reports of tests made by a NATA certified testing laboratory (or by an overseas facility which must be acceptable to the Engineer) for all steel plate and sections demonstrating compliance in all respects with the specified standards. The

manufacturer’s certificates shall be available at the manufacture’s workshop upon request. All such plates and sections shall have clear and distinct marks

identifying the respective grades of steel. The type of certificate required shall be as follows:

Material Certificate Type

The certificate types shall conform to the requirements of Standard EN 10204 Type 2.2.

Carbon Steel Test Report (with mention of the test results carried out on the

basis of non-specific testing and inspection). Document

validated by the Manufacturer.

Welding

Consumables

Test Report (with mention of the test results carried out on the

basis of non-specific testing and inspection). Document

validated by the Manufacturer.

Fasteners Test Reports shall be in accordance with Appendix A or B,

whichever is applicable.

All data listed in the certificates and reports shall be shown in SI units, in

accordance with AS 1100 International System of Units (SI) and its application. Certificates shall be written in the English language and shall be complete,

unambiguous, legible and suitable for electronic scanning. Certificates in other languages will only be accepted if they are supplied with an endorsed English translation by an authority approved by the Engineer.

The Engineer will perform random examination of material certificates to check compliance with these requirements.

4.2 认证

承包商应取得制造商材料检测证书，NATA测试实验室认证（或由海外测试报告，设施得到工程师接受），所有钢材和部件在各方面都表现出符合指定的标准。制造商认证，根据要求应在生产车间。所有钢材和部件应当有明确和独特的钢印，确定各自的等级。需要的认证类型应如下：

材料认证类型

认证类型符合EN 10204Type 2.2标准要求。

碳钢测试报告（提及非特定测试和检验的基础上进行的测试结果）。由制造商确认文件。焊材测试报告（提及非特定测试和检验的基础上进行的测试结果）。由制造商确认文件。紧固件测试报告符合附录A或者附件B。

认证和报告中列出的所有数据应显示在SI中，按照AS1100国际单位制（SI）和其应用。认证使用英语书写，完整、明确、清晰、适当以便扫描。经工程师同意，由权威翻译公司翻译的认证，可以接受。工程师将进行随机检查材料认证。

4.3 Substitution of Sections

Substitution of structural steel sections or variation of details shown on the drawings shall not be made without the prior written approval of the Engineer.

4.3 替代部分

替代结构钢部分或细节的变化图纸，不得未经工程师事先书面批准而投入生产。

4.4 Steel Plate

All steel plate shall be Grade 250 to AS 3678, unless noted otherwise on the drawings.

4.4 钢板

除非图纸另有说明，依据AS 3678，所有钢板为等级250。

4.5 Hot Rolled Sections

All hot rolled sections shall be Grade 300 (i.e. BHP-300 Plus), unless noted otherwise on the drawings.

4.5 热轧部件

除非图纸另有说明，所有热轧部件等级300(i.e. BHP-300 Plus)。

4.6 Welded Sections

All standard welded beams (WB) and welded columns (WC) shall be Grade 300

4.6 焊接部件

除非图纸另有说明(即 AS/NZS 3679.2-300)，根据AS 3679.2，所有标准焊接梁(WB)和焊接柱(WC)等级为300。

4.7 Floor Plate

All floor plate shall be Grade 250 to AS/NZS 3678, and shall have a raised pattern surface (i.e. AS/NZS 3678-250).

4.7 底板

根据AS/NZS 3678，所有底板等级250，有凸起的图案表面(即AS/NZS 3678-250)。

4.8 Hollow Sections

All structural hollow sections shall comply with AS 1163. All rectangular and square hollow sections and circular hollow sections of diameter greater than or equal to 168.3mm and less than or equal to 457.0mm shall be grade C350 (i.e. AS1163-C350), unless noted otherwise on the drawings. Other hollow sections shall be grade C250 (i.e. AS 1163-C250), unless noted otherwise on the drawings.

4.8 空心型钢

所有空心型钢部分遵守AS 1163.。所有矩方形空心型材，直径大于或更大的圆形空心型材应等于168.3毫米，小于或等于457.0毫米等级C350（即AS1163- C350），除非在图纸上另有说明。其他空心型材等级C250（即1163 - C250），除非在图纸上另有指出。

4.9 Cold Formed Galvanised Steel Section

Cold formed galvanised steel sections shall be formed from Grade 450 hot-dipped zinc coated steel as specified in AS 1397.

4.9 冷弯镀锌钢部分

根据AS 1397，冷弯镀锌钢部分等级450，热侵镀锌层。

4.10 Fasteners

All bolts, washers and nuts shall comply with the relevant Australian Standards and where specified shall be supplied with an anti-corrosion treatment comprising

one of the following systems, as specified on the drawings:

i) Hot-dipped galvanized in accordance with AS 1214, unless noted,

otherwise;

ii) Zinc plated in accordance with AS 1397 where specified on the drawings, or;

iii) Stainless steel Grade 316 to AS/NZS 4673 bolts, nuts and washers

Strength Classes A4-50 and A4-70 depending on size (unless noted

otherwise), where specified on the drawings.

The requirements for mechanical properties of fasteners are set out in Appendices

A and B.

Refer to Section 7.0 for additional bolting requirements during construction.

4.10 紧固件

所有的螺栓，垫圈和螺母应符合相关的澳大利亚标准并在指定的地方，有反腐蚀性，其中包括以下系统，如图纸指定：

i) 按照AS 1214为热侵镀锌，除非另有说明；

ii) 根据AS 1397，图纸上特殊镀锌；

iii) 不锈钢等级316，AS / NZS4673螺栓、螺母和垫圈强度等级A4- 50，A4- 70，根据大小而定（除非在图纸上另有说明否则）。

紧固件的机械性能按照附录A 、B。

建筑中螺栓附加要求参见7.0。

4.11 Grating

All grating shall be mild steel, ‘Webforge’ F325MPG or ‘Weldlok’ B60-325

galvanised (or Engineer approved equivalent) unless noted otherwise on the drawings. All stair treads shall be ‘Webforge’ T6 (ex F325MPG) or ‘Weldlok’ T6 (ex B60-325) galvanised with replaceable non-slip stair tread nosing, or Engineer approved equivalent. Grating used on dolphins shall be ‘Webforge’ F325MSG or ‘Weldlok’ B60-325 serrated galvanised, or Engineer approved equivalent.

All grating shall be hot dipped galvanised.

4.11 格栅

所有格栅为低碳钢，“Webforge”F325MPG或“Weldlok”B60- 325镀锌（或经过工程师批准）除非在图纸另有说明。所有楼梯踏板为“Webforge'T6（F325MPG）或”Weldlok'T6（B60- 325）换防滑楼梯踏板镀锌，经工程师批准。栏幢使用的格栅为“Webforge”F325MSG或“Weldlok”B60- 325锯齿镀锌，经工程师批准。所有格栅为热浸镀锌。

4.12 Stairways, Ladders and Handrails

All materials for stairways and ladders shall be in accordance with AS 1657.

All handrails shall be the ‘Monowills’ handrail system, unless otherwise nominated or approved by the Engineer.

4.12 楼梯、爬梯、扶手

楼梯和爬梯的所有材料按照AS 1657。除非由工程师签名或者同意，所有扶手为“Monowills”扶手系统。

5.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING

The contractor shall be responsible for all inspection testing and reporting of the Works specified in this document. Any independent testing authority used shall have the appropriate NATA certification to carry out the range of testing specified. All testing for which the contractor is responsible shall be reported directly to the Engineer. In the event of materials or work being rejected as a result of inspection or testing, the contractor shall be responsible for the replacement, repair and further testing of the materials or work.

5.0 检验检测

承包商应负责所有检验检测和报告，依照本文件规定的工作原则。任何应权威独立测试有相应的NATA认证，开展测试指定的范围。所有测试由承办商负责，应直接面向工程师，材料或检验结果受到拒绝，承包商应负责更换检测、修补和进一步的测试。

5.1 Material Testing

Material certification shall be supplied for all material in accordance with Section

4.2.

The contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the chemical and mechanical properties of all steel used in the Works comply with this specification. Chemical analysis and mechanical testing, including tension, bend, flattening and impact tests, shall be performed for each batch of steel. Testing shall be performed by the steel manufacturer or by an approved laboratory. Results shall be presented in a manner that demonstrates compliance to the requirements of Australian

Standard AS/NZS 3678 (or an approved equivalent International Standard), and shall be submitted to the engineer when available but before the relevant materials are incorporated into the works.

The Engineer reserves the right to decide whether or not a plate is considered to be acceptable and may or may not be used in the Works. The contractor shall replace all material rejected by the Engineer.

In the event that the manufacturer is unable to produce steel manufacturer’s certificates in accordance with Section 4.0 when requested by the Engineer,

specimens for testing shall be prepared by the contractor and shall be tested by an independent NATA registered laboratory, as part of the contractor’s responsibility. Testing of specimens shall be carried out in accordance with relevant Australian Standards.

Where the contractor is unable to produce steel manufacturer’s certificates for the through-thickness properties of steel plate 32mm thick or over, or the plate is

manufactured outside Australia, it shall be ultrasonically tested for flaws from both sides for laminations and other defects in accordance with the requirements of AS 1710 Level 2.

Where the contractor has carried out testing as noted above, they shall issue all test certificates and reports to the Engineer for approval prior to the tested steel being used in the Works. The location and extent of inclusions and /or laminations shall be detailed and sketched in the report.

5.1 材料检测

供应所有材料的认证符合4.2。

承包商应负责确保化学分析和机械测试，在工程中使用的所有钢的性能符合本规范的化学分析和机械测试，包括张力、弯曲、压扁、冲击测试，每一批钢材都检验，检验应当由钢铁制造商所认可的实验室，结果以演示的方式，符合澳大利亚的要求标准AS / NZS3678（或批准的等效国际标准），提交工程师，有关材料用于工程。

工程师有权决定板材是否可以接受，可能会或可能不会用于工程，承办商须取代由工程师拒绝的所有材料。

制造商无法生产钢铁制造商在第4.0节规定的要求时，由工程师要求，测试样品由承包商准备，并应由测试独立NATA注册的实验室测试，作为承包商责任的一部分。标本进行检测，应按照有关规定澳大利亚标准。

如果承包商不能生产钢铁制造商证书通过厚钢板，32毫米厚或以上，或澳大利亚境外生产的，应进行超声波测试，根据AS1710 Level 2要求，检测两面碟片缺陷或者其他缺陷。如承包商已进行了测试，如上所述，出具的所有测试证书和报告，在工程师审批前，试验正在使用的工程。内含物的位置和程度和/或叠片应在报告中详细描绘。

5.2 Weld Testing and Inspection

The extent of inspection and testing of welds shall be as specified in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2. Where testing levels are less

5.2 焊缝检验检测

检查检验焊缝的范围应按照第5.2.1和5.2.2规定，测试水平低于100％，工程师将有权要求焊缝进行测试。

5.2.1 Visual Inspection

Visual inspections of all weld preparation and all welds shall be carried out in accordance with AS/NZS 1554 except the extent of visual inspection shall be as follows:

a) visual scanning – 100% of all weld preparations;

b) visual examination – 100% of all welds.

All visual inspections of welds shall be undertaken by a qualified welding inspector

who has not been involved in the supervision of the welding. Visual inspection also includes the inspection of the weld preparation.

Should the weld fail the visual inspection criteria as defined in AS/NZS 1554, the weld shall be rejected and no further non-destructive testing is prescribed until the condition of the weld is rectified.

5.2.1 目测

焊缝准备和所有焊缝的目测按照AS/NZS 1554进行，目测延伸按照以下要求： a) 视觉扫描 – 所有焊缝准备；

b) 外观检查– 所有焊缝。

所有焊缝应进行目视检查，由有资格的焊接检查，检查员没有参与焊接监督。目视检查还包括焊接准备检查。

如果焊缝外观检查不合格规则，根据AS/ NZS1554规定，焊缝应予以拒绝，进行进一步无损检测，直至焊接条件予以纠正。

5.2.2 Non-Destructive Testing, SP Welds

The following non-destructive testing of welds shall be carried out by the contractor using an independent NATA registered laboratory. The Engineer shall be advised that the reports are available for review within ten (10) working days of the test date.

All NDT Technicians must be fully qualified for the relevant testing to be

undertaken and be qualified to AINDT, PCN or similar. Copies of the technician’s qualifications shall be made available for review prior to any NDT works being undertaken.

The testing procedures to be used are:

i) radiographic testing;

ii) ultrasonic testing;

iii) magnetic particle testing.

The extent of testing shall be as follows:

• Shop Welds:

a) 100% of all shop complete penetration butt weld splices for beams

and columns using procedures (i) or (ii) and (iii);

b) all shop complete penetration butt welds, test 10% of the length of

all welds longer than 1000mm or a minimum of 10% (one in ten) of

all other complete or partial penetration welded joints where welds

are less than 1000mm long using procedures (i) or (ii);

c) all critical welds as specified on the drawings and/or noted in the

contract specification, where no procedure is nominated, using

procedures (i) or (ii) and (iii);

d) all shop fillet welds, test 10% of the length of all welds longer than

1000mm or a minimum of 10% (one in ten) of all other shop fillet

welded joints less than 1000mm long using procedure (iii).

• Field Welds:

a) 100% of all field complete penetration butt weld splices for beams or

columns, including using procedures (i) or (ii) and (iii);

b) 30% of all field complete penetration or partial penetration butt

welds shall be tested using procedure (i) or (ii) and (iii);

c) all critical welds as specified on the drawings and/or noted in the

contract specification, where no procedure is nominated, using

procedures (i) or (ii) and (iii);

d) 10% of all field fillet welds shall be tested using procedure (iii).

The maximum imperfection level for SP welds as determined by testing or

examination shall be limited to L/5 for all plate thicknesses.

5.2.2 无损检测 SP焊接

下列无损检测焊缝应由承包商采用独立NATA注册实验室进行，应告知工程师该报告，报告在十个工作日内审查。

所有无损检测技术人员必须是完全合格，有关测试需要技术人员承诺，并有AINDT、PCN或相似的证书。提供副本资格审查，无损检测工程进行检测。

检测程序如下：

i) 射线检测

ii) 超声波检测

iii) 磁粉探伤检测

进一步检测如下：

• 车间焊接：

a) 车间所有梁和柱全焊透对接焊拼接采用程序 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

b) 车间全焊透对接焊，焊缝长度大于1000mm检测10%，其他全焊缝或者部分焊接检测最少为10%，焊缝小于1000mm采用程序 (i) 或 (ii)；

c) 参见图纸或者合同说明，所有关键焊缝，没有焊接程序说明的，采用 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

d) 车间所有角焊缝，焊缝长度大于1000mm检测10%，车间其他所有角焊缝小于1000mm焊接检测10%，采用程序(iii)。

• 现场焊接：

a) 现场所有梁和柱全焊透对接焊拼接采用程序 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

b) 所有现场全焊透或部分焊透对接30%检测，采用程序 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

c) 参见图纸或者合同说明，所有关键焊缝，没有焊接程序说明的，采用 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

d) 现场角焊缝10%检测，采用程序(iii)。

根据检测检验，所有板厚SP焊接最大缺陷水平限于L/5。

5.2.3 Content of Non-Destructive Testing (NDE) Reports

All NDE reports shall contain as a minimum a drawing reference, unique weld number (as per weld map), welder identification, weld type and exact position of the test area, full detail of defective area as applicable, statement of compliance and the name of the Technician and Testing Company.

5.2.3 无损检测报告内容

全部无损检测报告应包含图形作为最低参考，焊接数量（按焊接地图），焊工鉴定，焊缝类型和确切位置试验区，有缺陷的面积全部细节（如适用），规则性声明，技术人员和测试公司的名称。

5.2.4 Testing of Fatigue Purpose (FP) Welds

Unless noted otherwise, FP welds shall be subject to the following testing and inspection in accordance with the requirements of AS 1554.5:

i) visual scanning 100%;

ii) visual inspection 100%;

iii) magnetic particle testing 100%;

iv) radiographic testing or ultrasonic testing 50%.

5.2.4 焊缝疲劳检测

按照AS 1554.5要求，焊缝疲劳检测按照以下要求，除非另有说明：

i) 视觉扫描

ii) 视觉检测

iii) 磁粉探伤检测

iv) 射线检测或超声波检测

5.2.5 Representative Sampling

Where sampling of welded joints is required for non-destructive testing, such sampling shall be consistent over the duration of shop fabrication and

representative of all types of welded joints, welding procedure specifications (WPS) and also provide a representative sample of each welder’s work.

5.2.6 Repair of Sub-Standard Welds

All welds failing to meet the permissible levels of imperfections allowed in

AS/NZS 1554 shall be removed or repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer, and then re-tested, along with two (2) extra samples of the same WPS and welder output either as 10% of the weld length or 10% (one in ten) of all other welded joints as applicable.

5.2.5 典型试样

焊接接头取样要求为无损测试，如采样在工厂制作时间一致，代表所有类型的焊接接头，焊接工艺规范（WPS），提供每个焊工代表性样本。

5.2.6 不符合标准焊缝修补

所有不符合标准或有缺陷的焊缝，根据AS / NZS1554应拆除或维修至工程师满意，然后再测试，两份附加样品相同WPS，焊机输出10%焊缝长度或者所有其他焊接接头的10%。

5.3 Inspection by the Engineer

The contractor shall give the Engineer 24 hours notice for inspections nominated as Witness or Hold points on the contractor’s ITP, or where the Engineer’s

approval is required for commencement of any stage of the Works.

5.3 工程师检验

承包者应给工程师24小时巡查，提名通知见证人或持有人对承包商ITP，或在工程师批准所需的工程的任何阶段。

5.4 Inspection During Fabrication

During fabrication, the contractor and subcontractor(s) shall permit the Engineer, or his representative free access to the fabricators’ works at all reasonable times for the purpose of carrying out inspections, and shall afford all necessary facilities for carrying out such inspections. Items shall be laid out as necessary so that all parts are accessible for inspection as directed by the Engineer. Any inspection by the Engineer will not prevent the ultimate rejection of any work or materials in

which defects have been found at any time prior to the completion of the Contract.

5.4 工厂检验

制造过程中，承包商和分包商应允许工程师，或其代表开展检查，在所有合理时间，以制造商工程为的目的，并应给予一切必要的便利开展检查。项目布置必要让所有部分是由工程师指导检查。工程师的任何检查，在合同完成前，发现工程和材料有任何缺陷工程师都可以拒绝。

5.5 Inspection During Erection

During erection/installation, the contractor and subcontractor(s) shall permit the Engineer, or his representative, free access to the Works at all reasonable times for the purpose of carrying out inspections and shall afford all necessary facilities for the carrying out of such inspections.

All field bolting and field welding shall be inspected during erection. All field weld slag shall be removed prior to inspection.

Priming and painting in the vicinity of welds shall not be carried out over any field welding until they have been tested in accordance with Section 5.2.

No concrete encasing or formwork installation shall be carried out until the

Engineer has inspected and approved the preparation of the steelwork to be encased.

No grouting may take place until the Engineer has inspected and approved the preparation of both the steel and concrete.

5.5 安装检验

架设/安装，承包商和分包商应准许工程师或其代表开展检查，在所有合理时间，并应承担此类检查所有必要的设施。

安装中，检查所有现场螺栓和焊接。检验前，清除所有现场焊渣。

根据5.2，焊缝周围的底漆和焊缝不能在任何现场焊接，除非经过测试。

不进行具体装箱和模板安装，直到工程师对钢结构包装检测并批准。

工程师对钢结构和混凝土准备检测和批准后进行灌浆。

5.6 Surface Protection

Testing of protective coatings shall be in accordance with the Standard

Specification SKM-STD-C-011 “Surface Preparation, Painting and Galvanising of Steelwork”.

5.6 表面保护

保护层检测依据标准说明SKM-STD-C-011“钢结构表面准备、喷涂、镀锌”。

6.0 FABRICATION

6.1 General

All structural steelwork shall be fabricated as shown on the drawings and in accordance with the requirements of this specification and AS 4100.

Substitutions of structural steel sections or modifications of design details shall only be made with the written approval of the Engineer.

All members shall be pre-fabricated into sub-assemblies to facilitate field erection. The maximum size suitable for sub-assemblies shall be subject to approval.

Site fit shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Consideration shall be given to undertaking trial assembly of sub-assemblies prior to painting, but after abrasive blasting and any stress relief.

The steelwork shall be fabricated complete with all necessary temporary brackets, straps, gussets, cleats, fixings and the like necessary for handling, erection and assembly of the steelwork.

Temporary fittings, bracings, stiffeners used as fabrication aids in the handling and erection of steelwork or attachment and support of temporary Works shall be welded in accordance with this specification. Such temporary fittings may be allowed to remain in place with the written approval of the Engineer. The

contractor shall submit the type, size and location of all lugs to the Engineer for approval where the lifting lug exceeds 5t Working Load Limit (WLL).

6.0 制造

6.1 概述

钢结构制造依据图纸、本说明要求和AS 4100。

钢结构部分替代或设计详情修改需要经过工程师的书面同意。

所有部件应该预先制造、组装、现场安装。组装的最大适合尺寸应该得到同意。

承包商负责适合的场地。喷涂前，应该进行部件装配试组装，但需要在喷砂和释压后。钢结构制造，所有必要的临时完整支架、绑带、角撑板、夹板、安装和类似处理需要，安装及试装钢结构。

临时装置、支撑、加劲杆作为加工助剂，用于处理钢结构或附件和临时工程的支持，架设按照本规范规定焊接，暂时配件允许经过工程师书面批准，地方承包商应提交的类型、大小和位置经过工程师批准，起重吊耳超过5吨工作负荷极限。

6.2 Shop Drawings

If directed by the Engineer, the contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of all shop drawings required for the satisfactory fabrication of steelwork in

accordance with the drawings and specification. Shop drawings shall be prepared in accordance with CLU-STD-G-001 “Standard Specification for Drawing and Documentation / Data Requirements” and shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval before fabrication commences. Approval of shop drawings by the

Engineer will not relieve the contractor of any responsibility for the accuracy of the drawings or the fabrication Works there from.

6.2 工厂图纸

如果工程师指示，承包人应当对负责编制所有工厂提供满意的钢结构，符合制造中所需的图纸与规范。应编制施工图CLU- STD- G -001绘制标准规范和规定文件/数据，并须提交工程师批准后开始制造。工程师批准工图施工图，不会解除任何责任承包图纸的准确性或制造工程。

6.3 Tolerances

Tolerances for fabrication of structural steelwork shall be in accordance with AS 4100 unless shown otherwise on the drawings and/or Contract Specification. Such tolerances are assumed to apply at 20ºC.

6.3 公差

钢结构制造公差依据AS4100，除非图纸或合同另有说明。该公差估计温度为20ºC。

6.4 Cutting and Bending

All structural steel components shall be plasma or flame cut, sheared or sawn to the profile as shown on the drawings with the as-cut surfaces and edges in compliance with AS/NZS 1554. After cutting, all edges shall be ground off to

provide a smooth, even and true profile. Sheared edges to be included in welded joints shall be ground free of sharp edges.

Preparation of structural tubes for welding shall be in accordance with

AS/NZS 1554.

If members or plates are bent or set, the bends and sets shall be made to the radii and angles specified and shall be free from hammer marks. Edges of plates to be bent shall be ground smooth prior to bending.

All plates, gussets, members etc shall have sharp edges and corners rounded and ground smooth to a minimum radius of 2mm.

6.4 切割折弯

所有钢结构部件采用等离子或火焰切割，依据图纸剪切锯成型，表面与边缘切割依据AS/NZS 1554。切割后，边缘保持平滑、形状良好。切割边缘包括焊接都应该没有尖边。准备焊接的钢结构管符合AS/NZS 1554。

如果部件或板材需要弯曲或设置，弯曲和设置应该标出半径，与钢印分开。折弯前，板材边缘弯曲应该平滑。

所有板材、角撑板、部件应具有锋利和圆润的边角，地面光滑最小半径为2mm。

6.5 Splices and Joints

Where available stock lengths of steel are shorter than the required length of a member, splicing by complete penetration full section butt welds is permitted, unless otherwise noted on the drawings. All splice welds not shown on drawings shall be approved by the Engineer who shall be notified in writing of the position of splice weld prior to the joining of the two (2) parts. All such welds shall be subjected to 100% ultrasonic or radiographic and magnetic particle testing in

accordance with Section 5.2.

The minimum length of a spliced section component should not be less than six (6) times the depth of the section or 1000mm, whichever is greater.

Welded splices in compound members shall be staggered, and the component plates and sections spliced before compounding.

Critical field splices and joints shall be mated in the shop on completion of

fabrication to ensure satisfactory fit when installed.

Should the contractor wish to make field splices and joints, whether bolted or

welded, in addition to those shown on the drawings, or in different locations, such connections shall be to the written approval of the Engineer in respect to design, procedure and workmanship.

6.5 拼接连接

库存钢材的长度比要求的长度短，完全渗透全断面对接焊缝的拼接是允许的，除非图纸上另有说明。图纸上没有显示所有的拼接焊缝应该的位置，以书面形式通知工程师拼接焊缝。按照5.2，所有焊缝应使用超声波、X线、磁粉探伤。

拼接部分组件的最小长度不应少于部件深度的六倍或1000mm，以较大者为准。复合部件焊接接头应错开，组件前复合板和部件拼接。

安装时，关键部位的接头和接缝应在工厂内完成配制造，以确保满意。

承包商要进行现场接头和连接，无论是螺栓或除了在图纸上的显示，或在不同的地点，焊接、连接应以书面得到工程师设计、程序和工艺方面的批准。

6.6 Bolt Holes螺栓孔

Unless otherwise noted on the drawings, holes for bolts (except anchor bolts to footings) shall be not more than 2mm larger in diameter than the bolt which is to be used. Where paint system SKM-P3 or SKM-P4 is used in accordance with SKMSTD- C-011, holes for bolts shall not be more than 3mm larger in diameter than the bolt which is to be used. Where stainless steel bolts are used with grommets, the hole shall be 2mm larger than the grommet diameter.

除图纸上另有规定，螺栓孔直径（除地脚螺栓）不能比所用的螺栓直径大超过2mm。SKM-P3或SKM-P4涂覆体系按照SKMSTD-C-011使用，螺栓孔直径不能比所用螺栓直径大3mm。对于带垫圈不锈钢螺栓，螺栓孔应比垫圈直径大2mm。

Where steelwork is hot dipped galvanised, the contractor shall ensure the zinc coating thickness within bolt holes does not exceed 200 microns.

经过热浸镀锌的部件，承包商应确保螺栓孔内锌层厚度不超过200微米。

Holes in base plates for anchor bolts to footings shall be not more than 6mm

oversize for anchor bolts up to and including 24mm in diameter and not more than 8mm oversize for bolts greater than 24mm in diameter.

基板上的地脚螺栓孔最大不能比所用螺栓大6mm，包括直径24mm并且对于大于24mm的螺栓孔径不能比栓径大8mm。

Where slotted holes are specified or shown, such holes shall be accurately shaped with sides smooth, parallel and semi-circular at the ends. Clearance tolerances shall be as noted above. Length of slotted holes shall be defined as the distance between centres of drilled or punched holes.

若指定使用长圆孔，必须准确造型，边缘光滑，平行，末端成半圆形。间隙公差参见上文。长圆孔的长度由孔（或钻或冲）的中心间距决定。

Round or slotted holes in structural steelwork shall not be flame cut. The areas around holes shall be smooth and free of burrs and fins or other defects which may prevent solid seating of the contact surfaces.

钢结构中的圆孔或长圆孔不能用火焰切割。孔的周围需平滑，不能有毛边，层叠，或其可能对接触面稳定性造成影响的其他瑕疵。

Punching of holes full size shall be carried out in accordance with AS 4100. Holes may be punched to at least 3mm undersize and then reamed to full size.

Holes through tubular members shall be lined with sleeves and an external fillet weld run around the perimeter of the sleeve to seal the gap between the sleeve and the wall of the tube.

冲孔实际大小应按照AS 4100。冲孔至少小3mm，然后再铰大至实际尺寸。管件上的孔需装套管，并用外部角焊缝沿着套管周长密封管壁和套管的间距。

6.7 Tubular Construction管件建设

Structural steel tubes and rectangular hollow sections which are to be welded shall not be sheared, but shall be cut and profiled to fit the shape of the members to which they are to be welded. The Contractor shall make appropriate allowances to ensure match of the mating faces for shop and site splices.

要进行焊接的钢管和矩形空心型钢不能修剪。但可通过切割塑形至其所要焊接的部件上。承包商应保留合适的容差保证接合面在工厂和现场拼接时匹配。

All tubes and hollow sections shall be fully sealed to prevent the ingress of

moisture. Unless noted otherwise, 5mm thick plate shall be used for sealing purposes, where the members will not be fully sealed in the final fabrication or erection. All fabricated box sections shall also be fully sealed.

管件和空心型钢必须完全密封防止湿气进入。除非另有规定，采用5mm的板对最终加工安装后的部件进行完全密封。加工的方形管也需要完全密封。

Where galvanising is specified the contractor shall provide all holes in the

members required to ensure adequate venting and no deformation during the galvanising process. Where galvanised and shown on the drawings, seal weld and touch up all vent holes, prior to delivery to.

若要求镀锌，承包商应确保足够的孔进行排水并防止镀锌过程中发生变形。在发货前，根据镀锌的和图纸上要求的区域，用焊接密封并润色所有排水孔。

6.8 Steel Grating格子板

Steel grating for floors, walkways, landings and stair treads shall be in sizes

suitable for handling and shall be suitably marked or tagged. The layout of the

panels shall be such as to facilitate their installation and securing in position by the contractor.

用于地板，过道，梯台和楼梯踏板的格子板的尺寸应便于运输并且标注标识或标签。格子板的布局应辅助其安装和确保位置正确。

Not withstanding any tolerances nominated by the grating manufacturer, the

contractor shall select, cut and trim each panel so that, when fixed in position, the maximum difference in vertical level between adjacent edge bars of adjoining panels shall be not more than 3mm and the maximum horizontal gap between such edge bars shall be not more than 10mm.

不能反抗格子板生产商的公差，承包商应选择，切割并修剪每个格子板，使其安装时相邻边钢筋之间的垂直差距不得大于3mm。水平差距不得大于10mm。

All panels and all openings and recesses in panels for pipes, ducts, and the like, shall be neatly trimmed all round with a continuous edge piece of at least the same size as the load bars. All load bars shall be securely welded to the edge pieces. The contractor shall prepare shop drawings detailing all penetrations required in the flooring panels and all reinforcement required.

Penetrations to floor panels shall be cut and fabricated in the shop prior to hot dip galvanising.

板上的所有嵌板，开口和凹槽用于管道，管件和类似用途应整齐切割保证边缘圆滑连续，至少与负重钢筋尺寸相同。承包商应准备加工图纸详细描述所有楼板上要求的穿孔和加固。地板上的穿孔需要在镀锌前在工厂切割加工。

6.9 Purlins and Girts檩条与围梁

Purlins and girts shall be continuous members, supplied and erected in

accordance with the Manufacturer’s specification, complete with laps at splices where required and central or double rows of bridging where shown.

檩条和围梁应为连续组件，按照生产商的规定进行供货和安装，拼接处用圈绕并且按照要求在连接处用中心或双股。

7.0 BOLTING栓接

7.1 General综述

Structural steelwork shall be bolted as shown on the drawings. All bolts, washers and nuts shall comply with the relevant Australian Standards.

Unless specified otherwise, all bolted joints shall be made using Grade 8.8 high strength bolts, nuts and washers.

钢结构栓接应按照图纸要求，所有螺栓，垫片，螺母都必须符合澳大利亚标准。除另有规定，所有栓接都应用8.8级高强螺栓，螺母和垫片。

The length of bolts shall be selected so that the threaded portion of the bolt shall project through the nut a minimum two (2) threads and a maximum of 10 mm when fully tightened and so that the nut can be fully tightened without reaching the end of the thread.

螺栓长度应确保在螺栓紧固后伸出部分有最少2个最多10mm的丝长，这样螺母才能完全紧固且没有用完全部丝长。

Where bolted end cleats are used, they and the member to which they are

connected shall receive the full specified treatment before assembly.

Bolted connections subject to vibration and/or heavy loads shall be fitted with lock nits approved by the Engineer. Such bolted connection may include but not be

limited to: platform support, walkways, conveyors, steelwork and secondary steelwork.

当要使用栓接夹板时，夹板和其连接部件都应在组装前进行特殊处理。

易受到震动和重压的栓接应搭配工程师许可的紧锁螺母。这样的栓接应包括且不仅限于：平台支撑，通道，传送机，钢结构和二级钢结构。

7.2 Stainless Steel Bolted Connections不锈钢栓接

All bolts, nuts and washers used offshore below deck level shall be stainless steel 316 (minimum Grade A4) fitted with lock nuts unless shown otherwise on the drawings.

所有螺栓，螺母，垫片用于离岸甲板以下的都应用不锈钢316（至少A4级）搭配紧锁螺栓，除非在图纸上另有说明。

All stainless steel bolts shall have rolled threads and be:

A4-70 For bolts less than or equal to M20

A4-50 For bolts greater than M20

所有不锈钢螺栓应有滚制螺纹：

A4-70用于小于等于 M20的螺栓；

A4-50用于大于M20的螺栓；

All stainless steel bolts and nuts assembled with lock nuts shall have threads treated with a nickel-based anti-seize compound. Stainless steel bolts assembled into ferrules shall have ‘Loctite Threadlocker 243’ or a similar approved removable thread locking compound applied to the threads when installed, in accordance with the Manufacturer’s written instruction.

配备紧锁螺栓的不锈钢螺栓和螺母应有经过镍基防粘剂处理的螺纹。不锈钢螺栓安装进套管中时应有‘Loctite Threadlocker 243’或类似的经过许可的可移动的螺纹紧锁物，并按照制造商的书面说明进行使用。

Stainless steel bolts shall be tightened to the correct torque using a torque wrench in accordance with the Manufacturer’s specification. Tightening torques shall take into account lubrication of threads and nyloc nuts.

Where joint configurations include acetal grommets and/or neoprene spacers, stainless bolts shall be tensioned such that joint integrity is achieved without damage to acetal grommets and neoprene spacers.

根据制造商说明，不锈钢螺栓应用转矩扳手拧至正确的转矩。紧固的力矩包括螺纹润滑和nyloc螺母。

连接结构包括乙缩醛垫圈和/或氯丁橡胶垫片，不锈钢螺栓应紧固至连接完全结合且没有损伤乙缩醛垫圈和/或氯丁橡胶垫片。

7.3 Mild Steel Bolts低碳钢螺栓

All mild steel bolts, washers and nuts shall be hot-dipped galvanised in accordance with AS 1214.

低碳钢螺栓垫片螺母应根据AS 1214进行热浸镀锌。

7.3.1 Commercial and Precision Bolts商业和精密螺栓

Commercial bolts may be used for field connections for handrails, cold formed girts

and purlins, stair treads, handrails, doors and window framing. Commercial bolts are indicated on the drawings as 4.6/S in accordance with AS 1111, Clause 5.1. Nuts and washers shall be compatible with the bolts used and members joined. The length of bolt shall be selected so that the threaded portion of the bolt shall project through the nut for a minimum of two (2) threads and a maximum of 10mm when fully tightened.

商业螺栓用于场地连接，包括扶手，冷加工围梁和檩条，楼梯踏板，门窗框。根据AS 1111, 条款 5.1，商用螺栓在图纸上标注为4.6/S。螺母和垫片应与螺栓配套使用。螺栓长度应确保在螺栓紧固后伸出部分有最少2个最多10mm的丝长。

7.3.2 High Strength Bolted Connections高强螺栓连接

High strength bolted connections shall be bearing-type (TB), unless otherwise shown and shall be made in accordance with the provisions of AS 4100.

All bolts indicated on the drawings as 8.8/TB or 8.8TF may be tightened by the direct-tension indication method or “Part Turn” method specified in AS 4100. Bolts tensioned using the direct-tension indication method shall be installed with a

galvanised load indicating device under the element (nut or bolt head) not turned in tightening. The flat side of the load indicating washer shall be placed against the steelwork with the protrusions facing towards the bolt head or nut, as appropriate. Bolts installed by the direct-tension indication method shall be tightened in

accordance with AS 4100.

高强螺栓连接应为承压型（TB），除另有说明，应按照AS4100中的规定使用。

所有图纸上标注为8.8/TB 或8.8TF的螺栓都应按照AS4100用直接张力指示法或部分转动法进行紧固。用直接张力指示法应在元件（螺母或螺栓头）下面安装镀锌的负载指示装置。负载指示垫圈平坦的一面放在部件上，突出面对着螺栓头或螺母。螺栓由直接张力指示仪安装的应按照AS4100紧固。

The contractor’s proposed methods for bolt tightening shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. The tensioning of bolts using torque wrenches is not permitted, except for stainless steel bolts.

承包商应向工程师提交螺栓紧固方法，使用扳手的紧固是不允许的，除了不锈钢螺栓。 One (1) flat round hardened steel washer shall be used under the nut for each bolted connection except that if the bolt is turned during tightening then two (2) washers shall be used, one under the nut and one under the bolt head. The bolt may be turned only if the nut is not accessible and where the bolt may be turned without interference or friction from bolt holes or steelwork.

Unless otherwise specified, bolts used on bevelled surfaces shall be provided with bevelled washers which shall provide full bearing to the head and the nut.

淬火钢垫圈应用于每个栓接螺母下，除了在紧固时螺栓转动，那样应使用两个垫圈。一个在螺母下，一个在螺栓头下。只要螺母不能进入螺栓就可能转动，在没有其他干扰或来自螺栓孔的阻力时螺栓也可能转动。

除另有规定，用在坡口表面的螺栓应提供坡口垫圈，确保螺栓头和螺母完全接合。 8.0 WELDING焊接

8.1 General综述

Welding shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements of

AS 1554 unless specifically stated otherwise on the drawings. All welding shall be

carried out conforming to either GP (General Purpose) or SP (Structural Purpose) categories as defined in AS 1554.1 or FP (Fatigue Purpose) as defined in

AS1554.5. The categories shall be used for the following purposes:

除非图纸上另有说明，焊接应严格遵守AS 1554的要求。焊接应符合AS 1554.1中GP（通则）或（结构要求）或者FP（疲劳度要求）。所采用的类别由下列要求决定： i) GP – handrails, guards, minor brackets carrying light fittings, electrical

cable trays, etc; GP—扶手，护栏，较小的支架，电缆线架等；

ii) SP – all structural connections including all bracing and cleat connections; SP—所有结构连接包括支架和栓接；

iii) FP – connections subject to high levels of fatigue loading. FP—连接应符合高级疲劳荷载。

All stainless steel welds shall be category 18, Grade III as defined in AS/NAZ 1554.6 unless noted otherwise.

The finished surface profile of all welding shall be smooth and free from sharp edges or crevices that would be detrimental to the performance of the structure or to the protective treatment. All slag and weld splatter shall be thoroughly removed, and the weld surface shall be replaced, repaired and ground as directed by the Engineer to achieve the requirements of the standard Specification SKM-STD-C- 011 “Surface Preparation, Painting and Galvanising of Steelwork”.

Undercutting shall be minimised to T/10 or 1mm maximum and weld toes shall blend evenly with the parent plate.

除另有说明，按照AS/NAZ1554.6，不锈钢焊接应为18类III级。

所有不锈钢结构焊接应平滑没有尖角和裂缝，这些可能损害结构性能和保护涂层。焊渣飞溅应彻底清理。在工程师的指导下对焊接表面进行打磨修复，以达到SKM-STD-C- 011标准中规定的“钢结构表面处理，喷漆，镀锌”要求。

根切应最小至T/10 或最大1mm，焊趾应与基板结合均匀。

8.2 Welding Supervision焊接管理

Welding for Category GP, SP and FP shall be carried out under the supervision of a welding supervisor complying with AS 1554.1 (or AS 1554.5), Section 4.12.1. The welding supervisor shall hold appropriate certificates in accordance with AS 1796 and/or AS 2214.

焊接种类GP，SP，FP应在焊接管理员的监督下进行并符合AS 1554.1 (或 AS 1554.5)4.12.1部分。焊接管理员应有资格证按照AS 1796 和 AS 2214的要求。 The appointment of a Welding inspector by the Engineer will not relieve the

Contractor of the responsibility to adequately supervise and control the quality over all work carried out either in the workshop or on Site.

Notwithstanding the provisions of AS/NZS 1554, the sole authority for final

determination of quality and acceptance of welds will be the Engineer.

工程师指定的焊接检查员不能代替承包商监督控制车间与现场工作的责任。

尽管AS/NZS 1554中有规定，焊接质量合格的唯一依据是工程师。

8.3 Minimum Fillet Weld Size最小角焊缝尺寸

Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, the minimum weld size between

adjoining components, touching components, edges and faying surfaces shall be a continuous fillet weld, Category SP, with a leg length as listed below:

除图纸上另有规定，连接部件，接触部件，边缘和结合表面间的最小焊接尺寸应为连续的角焊缝，SP，长度如下所示：

i) 6mm for plates less than 16mm thick; 小于16mm板为6mm；

ii) 8mm for plates equal to or greater than 16mm thick and less than 32mm thick; 大于等于16mm小于32mm板8mm

iii) 10mm for plates greater than or equal to 32mm thick.大于等于32mm板10mm。 The plate thickness refers to the thinner of the elements being welded. In the case of one (1) of the components having less thickness than 6mm, the fillet weld size shall equal the thickness of the thinnest material.

板厚指的是所焊接的部件的厚度。在第一种情况下，部件厚度应小于6mm。角焊缝应与最薄的材料一样厚。

8.4 Preheating预热

Preheating and inter-pass temperature control shall be performed in accordance with AS 1554.1, Section 5.3.

预热和中间温度控制应按照AS 1554.1, 5.3部分。

8.5 Butt Welds对接焊

Run-on and run-off strips shall be used for butt welds and shall be removed on completion of the weld and the attachment weld ground square and/or flush.

Backing strips will only be permitted if it is impossible to back gouge the root runs or if full penetration cannot be achieved from one side. Permanent backing strips are not permitted unless otherwise shown on the drawings.

运行决胜条应采用对接焊缝，应取消对完成焊接和附件焊接地面广场和/或冲洗。

如果这是不可能回泥根运行，备份将只允许带如果不能充分渗透，从一个侧面实现。常驻后盾条除非在图纸上所示，否则不允许。

Preparation of edges for butt welding shall be carried out by grinding, machining, planning, machine flame cutting or plasma cutting. Manual flame cutting shall only be carried out with the approval of the Engineer; however, surfaces to be

incorporated into welds shall then be ground.

对接焊的边缘处理应采用打磨，机械加工，刨削，机械火焰切割或等离子切割。手工火焰切割只有在工程师许可的情况下才能使用。如果表面合并在焊接中应进行打磨。 Welds shown on the drawings as ‘CP’ are complete penetration butt welds. For ‘CP’ welds, the contractor shall determine the most appropriate complete

penetration butt weld detail for each particular location and submit the details to the Engineer for approval.

图纸上标注为CP的应用全焊透对接焊。对于CP焊接，承包商应选择每一处最合适的全焊透对接焊，并将细节提交工程师。

Complete penetration butt weld symbols shown on the drawings are indicative of design preference. The contractor may submit alternative complete penetration butt weld details for the approval of the Engineer.

The size of cap (reinforcement) on butt welds shall not be greater than shown in AS 1554.1, Table 6.2. Excess cap shall be ground to the required profile and shall be free of surface breaking weld defects and gas holes.

全焊透对接焊在图纸上的标识是一种设计偏好。承包商应提交可供选择的全焊透对接焊细节提交工程师许可。

对接焊上的盖帽（加固件）应不大于AS 1554.1, 表 6.2所示。过大的盖帽应打磨至要求的尺寸并没有表面裂痕和气孔。

8.6 Procedure and Performance Qualifications for Welding焊接程序和性能资格证 For all weld categories, the contractor shall develop and submit to the Engineer for approval, welding procedures and procedure qualification records designed to produce welds in accordance with the requirements of the weld process and intended duty prior to the commencement of Work.

In addition to the above requirements, the contractor shall document the applicable welding procedure specifications including non-destructive examination, test material certificates, test consumable certificates and destructive testing where required.

所有的焊接种类，承包商应提交工程师，焊接流程和工艺评定记录应符合焊接加工要求和预期的责任。

除上述要求，承包商应存档使用到的焊接流程标准，包括无损探伤检测，材料材质证检查，耗材材质证检查和破坏性试验。

All welders shall be certified and/or qualified in accordance with the relevant part of AS 1554. The contractor shall submit copies of all certificates and/or qualification records to the Engineer for approval prior to commencement of Work.

焊工资格应符合AS 1554中的相关规定。工作开始前承包商应提交所有资格证记录的附件给工程师。

8.7 Weld Materials焊材

Hydrogen controlled electrodes shall be mandatory for SP Category welding. Electrodes shall be E48XX, except that E55XX (low hydrogen) shall be used for welding Grade 450 steel, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

Electrodes to be furnished by the contractor for welding shall conform to,

standards listed in Section 3.2.

氢控焊条用于SP焊接。焊条应为E48XX，除了E55XX（低氢）用于焊接450级钢材，除了工程师应有规定。焊条应符合3.2部分的要求。

All consumables employed for the Works shall be supplied with batch certificates in accordance with Section 4.2.

Tack welds shall be made with the same type of electrode that is used for

depositing the root pass, unless the tack weld is removed prior to welding.

工人所用的耗材按照4.2部分的要求应有批次合格证。

定位焊应采用与根部焊道一样的焊条。除了焊接前将定位焊移除的情况。

8.8 Site Welding现场焊接

Site welding shall not be permitted except where shown on the drawings or specifically approved by the Engineer.

The contractor shall plan the Work as far as possible to limit the amount of overhead welding.

现场焊接只有在图纸上注明或工程师许可的情况下才能使用。

承包商应尽量减少仰熔焊的工作量。

8.9 Weld Repairs焊接修复

Where it is necessary to repair welds that have failed the inspection criteria, the contractor shall submit a repair procedure to the Engineer for approval prior to

commencing the Work.

如果焊接没有达到标准需要修复时，承包商应在工作开始之前向工程师提交修复流程。 9.0 SURFACE PROTECTION表面保护

9.1 General综述

All steelwork shall be painted or galvanised as specified on the drawings in accordance with Standard Specification SKM-STD-C-011.

For galvanised steelwork, the contractor shall ensure that adequate drainage holes are incorporated prior to dispatch for galvanising. Drainage holes shall be detailed on the shop drawings. No holes shall be created with an oxyacetylene torch under any circumstances.

所有钢件应按照SKM-STD-C-011标准根据图纸上的要求进行喷漆或镀锌。

对于镀锌钢件，应确保在送去镀锌前准备足够的排水孔，排水孔在图纸上有详细标注。氧乙炔火焰切割不能用于排水孔的加工。

9.2 Gilsomastic Paint Gilsomastic油漆

Gilsomastic paint, which contains asbestos material bound into the paint matrix, has been applied as a protective coating on some existing steelwork at the Cape Lambert facilities. Wherever Gilsomastic paint is identified on steelwork which is to be welded or modified, the requirements of SKM-SMP-002 “Safety Management Plan” and Hamersley Iron Procedure DO-OH-C0023 “Welding Structures Coated with Gilsomastic Paint”, shall be followed.

Gilsomastic油漆包含石棉材料，已经用于拉姆贝特港口的部分钢结构的表面保护。若要焊接或塑形的钢材表面有Gilsomastic漆，应按照SKM-SMP-002中的“安全管理计划”和哈莫斯利铁矿流程DO-OH-C0023“焊接结构涂覆Gilsomastic漆”。

10.0 MARKING标识

10.1 General综述

All fabricated structural steel members shall be distinctly marked in accordance with the marking diagram before being despatched to Site.

所有加工钢结构应在发往现场之前分别根据标识图表做标识。

10.2 Method方法

The mark numbers shall be painted, using a stencil, on the member in oil paint and shall also be stamped on the member using rounded stamps in such a manner that the strength of the member is not affected.

喷涂号码标志，使用模具，在油漆表面用圆钢印打码，在不影响部件性能的前提下。 Where the size of the member is such that the mark number cannot be stamped on the member it may be stamped on a 1.5mm thick metal tag which shall be securely fastened to the member by 12 gauge (minimum) wire.

All mark numbers shall consist of 15mm high characters as a minimum.

当部件尺寸过小无法打钢印时，应制作1.5mm厚的金属标签，打上钢印，用最小12标准尺寸的绳子系在部件上。

所有标号应最小15mm高。

10.3 Location位置

All beams shall be marked on the top face at the North or East end.

All columns shall be marked on the North face approximately 200mm above the base plate, or bottom end.

Horizontal bracing shall be marked at the North or East end.

Vertical bracing shall be marked at the bottom.

型钢应将钢印打在东端或北端的表面。

柱子应标注在北面接近基板以上200mm或底端。

水平支撑应标注在北端或东端。

竖直支撑打在底部。

10.4 Column Levelling Marks柱子校平标志

All columns shall be provided with legible levelling marks, scribe lines or centre marks to facilitate the checking of vertical accuracy in two (2) directions at right angles and the horizontal accuracy during erection. Marks and scribe lines shall

show the true theoretical centre line of the column.

所有柱子应有清晰可见的校平标志。划线或中心标记用于检查两个方向的直角垂直准确度和水平准确度。标识和下划线应标明柱子的理论中心线。

11.0 HANDLING, STORAGE AND DELIVERY TO搬运，存储，发货

11.1 Handling and Storage搬运和存储

All steelwork shall be handled and stored without overstress or deformation. It shall be stored clear of the ground in such a manner so as to avoid collection of water. Bolts, nuts and washers shall be supplied in grit-free containers and stored in water-tight premises. Buried, damaged, corroded or otherwise unserviceable bolts shall not be used.

Lifting studies shall be prepared and submitted for approval prior to lifting any element weighting 20t or more.

钢件的搬运和存储不应出现过压或变形。其存放应高于地面避免存水。螺栓螺母垫片应存放于清洁不透水的容器中。损坏的腐蚀的螺栓不能使用。

20t或以上的吊车作业应先提交工程师以获得许可。

11.2 Delivery to发货

All steelwork shall be delivered to in a condition conforming to the requirements of the drawings and specifications. The Engineer and the Contractor will inspect steelwork delivered to ensure it is undamaged and stored correctly.

Damaged materials or components shall be replaced unless the contractor is given the Engineer's written consent to repair and erect them.

Signature of delivery dockets is not an acceptance that the items have been delivered free of damage.

钢结构发货应按照图纸和规范的要求。工程师和承包商应检查发货的钢结构是否有损伤，是否存放合理。

损坏的部件或材料应替换，除非或得工程师的书面许可进行修复。

签署的交货记录不能代表部件已经完好的发出。

Care shall be taken during delivery, off-loading, stacking and erection so protective coatings are not damaged. Damaged areas shall be made good by the contractor to a quality consistent with the specified coating.

Responsibility for steelwork shall remain with the contractor until erected,

inspected and accepted by the Engineer.

发货，卸货，堆码，安装过程应采取保护措施，确保保护涂层不受损。受损的区域应由承包商修复，直至符合要求。

在钢结构由工程师安装，检查并接受前，承包商应对其负责。

12.0 ERECTION AND ASSEMBLEY架设和安装

12.1 General综述

Unless otherwise shown on the design drawings, shop drawings and/or erection drawings, erection of structural steel shall conform to AS 4100. Note however that consideration must be given to the alignment of mechanical components and this may be more onerous than the requirements of AS 4100.

All temporary bracing, supports and guys shall be designed and erected to take care of all loads to which a structure may be subjected during erection, including wind forces, mass of materials and equipment and stresses due to operation of equipment. Such bracings, supports and guys shall be left in place so long as may be required for safety.

除图纸上另有说明，加工图或安装图，钢结构安装应遵循AS 4100。注意一定要确保机械部件的校准，这比AS4100要求更为细致。

临时支撑和拉线的设计和使用应注意其对钢结构产生的负荷，包括风力，大量材料，设备，使用设备所产生的压力。这些支架拉线应根据安全需要留在原处。

In multi-storey structures, permanent fixing shall be carried out progressively, following as closely as practicable behind erection. Unless otherwise agreed, erection shall not continue more than three (3) levels above the last permanently bolted or welded level.

Erection planning shall minimise the ‘working at heights’ risk in accordance with the safety requirements.

在多层结构中应逐步地进行永久固定，尽可能的紧跟在架设后。除另有协定，在超过上一永久栓接3层以上的不能继续进行架设。

12.2 Alignment and Fitting校准和调试

Each part of the structure shall be properly aligned before completing field

connections.

All members in completed frames shall be true to line and free from bends, twists and open joints. At assembly, all joints shall achieve face contact before full bolt torque is reached.

在完成场地连接前，结构的每一部分都应进行校准。

完成框架中的所有组件应呈直线并且没有弯曲，变形和开口的连接。装配时，在达到全螺栓扭矩前，所有连接应对面接触。

Fitting-up bolts and drift pins shall not be used to bring improperly fabricated members and parts into place, thus causing strain on bolts in the finished work. Drift pins shall not be driven with such force as to deform adjacent metal.

No packing, shimming, or wedging will be permitted to correct imperfect work, unless so directed by the Engineer.

调试螺栓和冲头不能用于组装不合格的组件，导致完工件上的螺栓产生张力。冲头不能在这样的力量驱使下导致相邻金属变形。

包裹，填充，或楔入不能用于修复有缺陷的部件，除了在工程师的指导下。

All shop errors shall be reported and the proposed method of correction shall be submitted for review. Minor mis-fitting may be remedied and corrected by reaming or slight cutting as directed by the Engineer.

Damage caused by handling during erection shall be reported. Corrective

measures shall be completed as directed by the Engineer.

工厂加工的错误报告和相应的修改方法应提交受审。细小的错误可在工程师指导下通过铰除或细微的切割进行修正。

架设过程中的搬运导致的损伤应予以报告，在工程师的指导下完成正确的修改。 12.3 Metal Floor Decking金属地板盖板

Floor plate units shall be adjusted to final position and brought to proper bearing on the supporting members before being permanently fastened.

Floor plate units shall be fastened to supporting members by 20mm diameter plug welds spaced at a maximum of 300mm centres at intermediate supports and

200mm centres at end and side supports unless otherwise noted. There shall be a minimum of three welds at each side of each unit.

底板应调整至最终位置并且调整至于支撑件紧密接触再进行永久固定。

底板应用20mm塞焊缝间隔最大300mm中心在中间支承，200mm中心在末端和侧支承固定在支撑件上。每个每面至少有3个焊点。

12.4 Floor Grating格子地板

The extent of floor grating and stair treads shall be as nominated on the drawings. Grating shall be cut and strengthened as required to suit services and equipment penetrations. All such openings shall be neatly trimmed and banded.

Grating sections shall be fastened using standard proprietary clips fixed using thread-cutting fasteners. Clips are to be installed to the Manufacturer’s

specification. Clips are to be installed at 500 nominal centres. A minimum of four

(4) fasteners are required per panel. Main bars and cross bars of adjacent

sections shall be in line.

格子地板和楼梯踏板应与图纸一致。格子板应按要求切割紧固适合设备穿透。所有这样的开口都应整齐的切边绑扎。

格子板应用标准的专用夹子固定，用螺纹切割紧固件进行紧固。夹子根据制造商说明进行安装。安装在中心500处。一个板至少4个紧固件。主梁和邻近的横梁应在一条线上。 Any requirement to re-lift grating shall require an approved Permit to lift to be issued by the Engineer and appropriate solid barricading to be in place, in

accordance with the Project Safety Management Plan.

如需要再次吊起格子板应获得工程师的许可。根据项目安全管理计划的要求应提供稳固的围隔。

12.5 Erection Tolerances安装公差

Erection tolerances shall be in accordance with AS 4100. Note however that

consideration must be given to the alignment of mechanical components and this may be more onerous than the requirements of AS4100.

Unless otherwise shown, runway beam and rail tolerances for overhead cranes shall not exceed those given in AS 1418.1.

安装公差应遵循AS 4100。注意一定要确保机械部件的校准，这比AS4100要求更为细致。

除另有规定，龙门吊车梁和轨道公差不能超过AS 1418.1中指定的。

12.6 Setting Base plates安装底板

Base plates shall be set and shimmed to correct positions and elevations shown

on the drawings and shall be subject to review after placing and plumbing and aligning the first lift. Errors shall be corrected before proceeding further.

底板应安装并调试到图纸上标注的正确位置和高度，接受安装检查，对第一次吊挂进行校准。并及时纠正错误。

13.0 HANDRAILS扶手

13.1 Fabrication and Erection制造和安装

Handrails shall conform to the requirements of AS 1657. Handrails shall be

‘Monowills’ type or similar approved and shall consist of stanchions, top rail, mid rail and kick plate unless otherwise shown on the drawings.

The layout of the handrails and kick plates shall be fully detailed by the contractor. The shop details shall indicate the layout of the stanchions, details of their attachment to the supports, the run of the rails and kick plates, location of closure bends between the top and mid rails and of special bends and the method of securing kick plates. Special bends are defined as bends having a radius of less than 125mm on the centreline of the rail.

扶手应符合AS 1657的要求。扶手应为‘Monowills’式或其他合格样式，且包括支柱，顶栏杆，中栏杆，踢脚板。除非图纸另有规定。

承包商应提供详细的扶手和踢脚板的布局。加工图上会明确标注支柱，连接细节，栏杆和踢脚板走向，顶栏杆和中栏杆的弯曲位置，特殊弯曲和踢脚板固定方法。特殊弯曲应为半径小于栏杆中心线125mm。

Particular attention shall be paid to the run of the handrail at the top and bottom of each stair flight. Sudden offsets in the line of the stanchions requiring unnecessary bends will not be permitted.

All joints in handrailing shall be complete penetration butt welds. Welds

connecting handrailing to stanchions and stanchions to the supporting steelwork shall be 6mm fillets, unless otherwise detailed on the drawings.

The following general requirements for handrails shall apply unless noted

otherwise on the drawings:

应特别注意扶手在每一梯段上部和底部的走向。要求不必要弯曲的支柱偏移是不允许的。

扶手上的连接都应用全焊透对接焊。扶手焊接到支柱上，支柱到支架上应用6mm角焊缝。除非图纸另有说明。

下列为扶手的一般要求：

i) handrails shall be fabricated as detailed on the drawings and delivered to for bolting into place; 扶手应按图纸加工，其后进行栓接。

ii) rails shall be welded on to stanchions. Where rail connections between

stanchions cannot be avoided, an internal backing sleeve shall be used; 栏杆应焊接到支柱上。不能避免的栏杆和支柱的连接应使用内部衬垫套筒。

iii) kick plates shall be welded unless otherwise noted. Welds shall be a full seal weld; 蹴板应焊接。焊接应为全密封焊缝。

iv) generally stanchions shall be bolted to structures. Stanchions to dolphins

shall be welded into place; 通常支柱栓接至结构上。支柱到系缆柱应用焊接固定。 v) welds on handrails shall be fully sealed and ground smooth; 扶手上的焊接应为全密封焊接并打磨光滑。

vi) where handrails are continuous at changes of direction, stanchions shall

not be located more than 500mm from the direction change. 扶手在方向转变处连续，支柱应位于方向转变处超过500mm处。

13.2 Surface Protection 表面保护

Handrails, stanchions and kick plates shall be hot dipped galvanised and painted in accordance with Standard Specification SKM-STD-C-011, ‘Surface Preparation, Painting and Galvanising of Steelwork’.

CHS top and mid rails on the wharf and access jetty shall also be galvanised internally.

根据标准SKM-STD-C-011“表面处理钢结构喷漆和镀锌”对扶手，支柱，踢脚板进行热浸镀锌和喷漆。

码头和防波堤上的CHS顶和中栏杆也要内部镀锌。

14.0 MODIFICATION TO STRUCTURAL STEELWORK钢结构的修改 14.1 General综述

No modification shall be made without the prior written approval of the Engineer. Such fabrication and sub-assembly as may be necessary shall conform to the requirements of this specification.

只有得到工程师许可才能进行修改。修改和部分组装应符合本标准要求。

14.2 Modifications and Corrections修改和更正

Procedures and methods for modifications and for corrections shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.

修改和更正的过程和方法应提交工程师。

14.3 Cutting切割

Site cutting shall be wherever possible by a mechanical process. Where flame cutting is necessary an allowance shall be left for grinding of ragged edges to ensure a smooth finish.

场地切割应用机械加工。若需要用火焰切割，应留有公差，用来打磨毛边，确保完成件光滑。

14.4 Holing钻孔

Holes for bolts shall be drilled. Burning of such holes will not be permitted.

Correction of misaligned holes may be achieved by reaming or, subject to approval by the Engineer, by filling badly misaligned holes with welded plugs or weld metal, grinding flush and re-drilling correctly.

螺栓孔应钻孔。火焰切割是不允许的。

方向偏离的孔的矫正可以用铰刀或提交工程师或将过分偏离的孔用塞焊缝填实，重新钻孔。

14.5 Finishing完成

Wherever remedial Work has been carried out, the affected area shall be cleaned, burrs, slag and weld spatter removed and the paintwork made good in accordance with Standard Specification SKM-STD-C-011, ‘Surface Preparation, Painting and Galvanising of Steelwork’.

在进行修补作业时，受影响区域应清洁干净，没有毛边，焊渣和飞溅，喷漆工作按照标准SKM-STD-C-011“表面处理钢结构喷漆和镀锌”进行。

15.0 GROUTING灌浆

15.1 Preparation准备工作

Prior to the erection of steelwork, the concrete surface under the base or bearing plate shall be given a scabble finish. All defective concrete and laitance shall be removed from the concrete surface to be grouted by chipping or other approved means. The resulting surface shall be rough and free of oil, grease, dirt and loose particles. The underside of steelwork to be grouted shall also be clean of all dust, oil, dirt and loose material prior to erection.

在钢结构安装前，基础下的或支承板下的混凝土表面应粗加整饰。有瑕疵的混凝土和水泥浆应用削片或其他方法除去。灌注完成的表面应粗糙且没有油污和松散碎屑物。钢结构底面灌浆应在架设前清除灰尘油污和碎屑。

Polystyrene material used for foundation bolt blockouts shall be dissolved using a product such as d-Limonene or similar approved. All residues shall be removed. Temporary shims or wedges which are designated to be removed after grout has hardened shall be coated with a thin coat of grease to facilitate removal.

Prior to beginning grouting, the concrete surface shall be saturated with water for a minimum of six (6) hours. Just before grouting, all free water shall be removed from the surfaces, keys and sleeves which are to be grouted.

地脚螺栓所用的聚苯乙烯材料应使用d-Limonene产品或类似产品使其溶化。临时的垫片或楔形需要在灌浆凝固后取下的应在表面涂一层油脂以方便取下。

灌浆开始前，混凝土表面应布满水至少6个小时。灌浆前将多余的水从表面套筒等待灌浆部件上去除。

Grouting procedures shall ensure the placement of grout under the entire surface of the base or bearing plate avoids any possibility of air pockets or voids by sufficient compaction.

Grouting procedures shall be submitted for approval by the Engineer prior to the commencement of any grouting.

灌浆流程应确保整个基础表面下的和支承板表面下的灌浆位置，避免由于不充分的压实导致的气孔或孔洞。

灌浆流程应在作业开始前提交工程师。

15.2 Formwork模板

Formwork shall be made from materials of adequate strength and shall be securely anchored and shored to withstand the grout pressure under working conditions. It shall be sufficiently water tight to prevent leakage and shall be caulked where necessary.

Adequate clearances shall be provided between formwork and structural

steelwork, to allow the proper placement of the grout.

模板应使用牢固的材料制成，牢固地安装固定，使其能够承受灌浆的压力。应用足够的水来防止泄露，如有需要进行捻缝凿密。

15.3 Grout水泥浆

Grout shall be a non-shrink pre-mixed cementitious product of approved, standard manufacture such as MBT Masterflow 870 or similar Engineer approved. Grout shall be mixed, placed and cured in accordance with the grout manufacturer’s instructions. Grout shall be non-staining and shall be suitable for the intended purpose.

The average compressive strength of the grout at 28 days, standard cured shall not be less than 70MPa, based on 50mm cubes prepared from grout of the same consistency at which it was placed.

水泥浆应为不缩水的提前混合好的粘结性的产品，合格的制造商有MBT Masterflow 870或其他工程师许可的。水泥浆应按照制造商说明进行混合，放置，固化。水泥浆应为无着色污染的适合预期目标的。

28天的标准固化的水泥浆的平均抗压强度不低于70MPa。

After initial set of the grout has taken place, the formwork shall be removed and the excess grout cut away, leaving a full 45 degree chamfer smooth and neatly finished. The chamfer shall extend from the underside of base plate level to the top of concrete. All structural steelwork shall be cleaned of all grout on or above the base plates and any damage to paintwork shall be repaired. Levelling devices such as shims shall not be removed.

在水泥浆初凝完成后，移除模板，切除多余的水泥浆，留出45度光滑整洁的斜面。斜面应从基板底部延伸到混凝土顶部。所有钢结构应清除基板上的水泥浆，修复喷漆部件的损伤。校平设备例如垫片不能移除。

15.4 Curing固化

Sources of vibration which may cause settlement, bleeding or bond failures shall be eliminated until the grout has set.

After the grout has sufficiently hardened, the grout shall be damp cured

continuously for a minimum period of three (3) days. Surrounding objects such as steel base plates, directly in contact with grout, shall be wrapped or covered in hessian bagging and maintained wet during the entire curing period.

At completion of the wet curing, all exposed grout shall be sealed by the

application of an approved curing compound.

振动源可能会引起沉降，渗出或粘着失败，应消除。

当水泥浆完全固化，应进行至少连续3天的潮湿固化。周围物品例如底板，与水泥浆直接接触，应包裹或用麻袋覆盖，保证整个固化阶段湿润。

完成潮湿固化后，所有暴露的水泥浆应用合格的固化剂密封。

16.0 CLEAN UP清洁

The Work and work-area shall be left clean and tidy on completion and all surplus materials and equipment removed from the Site.

工作完成后，工作区域应保持清洁，将多余材料和设备移除。

APPENDIX A 附录A

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS不锈钢紧固件

TESTING OF IMPORTED STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS进口不锈钢紧固件的测试

1.0 PURPOSE 目的

The purpose of the following procedure is to verify compliance of Grade A4-50 and A4-70 Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistant Fasteners imported into Australia using PMI, hardness and tensile testing methods.

下列过程的目的是验证进口至澳大利亚的A4-50和A4-70不锈钢抗腐紧固件的合格度，采用PMI，硬度和拉伸试验方法。

2.0 SCOPE 范围

This scope covers testing on a statistical basis with the relevant Australian and ISO Standards for physical properties of all Stainless Steel Grade A4-50 & A4-70 Bolts, Nuts and Washers.

范围覆盖相关澳大利亚标准和ISO标准中的A4-50 & A4-70不锈钢螺栓螺母垫圈的物理性能的数据测试。

3.0 REFERENCES参考文献

AS1815.1 – 2002 Mechanical Materials – Rockwell Hardness Test (HRA)机械材料—洛氏硬度试验

AS1817.3 – 2003 Mechanical Materials – Vickers Hardness Test (HV10)机械材料—韦氏硬度试验

AS1391 – 2005 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing at Ambient金属材料—室温下拉伸测试

Temperature

ISO 3506 .1 & 2 Mechanical Properties of Corrosion Resistant Stainless

Steel Fasteners抗腐不锈钢紧固件机械性能

All other standards referenced in those listed here which are relevant to the dimensional, chemical and mechanical properties of stainless steel fasteners.

所有其他在这里列出的参考标准，是与不锈钢紧固件相关的尺寸，化学和机械性能的标准。

4.0 DEFINITIONS 定义

• definitions shall be as shown in the above referenced Standards;定义在上述参考标准中；

• PMI – Positive Material Identification via Spectrographic Chemical Analysis.PMI—阳性材料识别通过化学光谱分析。

5.0 PROCEDURE过程

5.1 Location位置

All testing shall be carried out in Australia by a NATA certified facility, or equivalent facility approved by the Engineer.

测试应在澳大利亚进行采用澳大利亚国家测试机构协会认证的设备，或经工程师许可的设备。

5.2 Frequency频率

For bolts, the frequency of hardness and tensile testing shall be one (1) bolt per 1000 per batch. Where smaller batch quantities (less than 1000) are involved, one

(1) unit per batch shall be tested. Where smaller quantities of different grades are involved (ie Gr A4-50, A4-70 etc), as one (1) unit per grade shall be tested.

Nuts, bolts and washers shall be PMI tested (via Spectrographic Chemical

Analysis) at a frequency of one unit per batch, regardless of the batch size.

螺栓来说，硬度和张力测试频率应为1000个中测一个。若一批少于1000个，一批测一个。相同数量不同等级的（A4-50, A4-70）一个等级测一个。

螺母螺栓垫片应用PMI测试（通过化学光谱分析）一批测一个，不考虑每一批的数量。

5.3 Traceability可追溯性

All bolts, nuts and washers shall be traceable to batch numbers by a suitable means of identification such as tagging or colour coding.

螺栓螺母垫片应能够采用合适的方法追溯批号，例如标签或色彩编码。

5.4 PMI, Hardness and Tensile Testing Requirements PMI，硬度，张力测试要求

5.4.1 Bolts螺栓

Hardness testing shall be conducted on bolts in accordance with AS 1815.1 – 2002 (Rockwell HRA) and AS 1817.3 – 2003 (Vickers HV10). The test shall be at the threaded end face of the bolt opposite to the head.

螺栓硬度测试应符合AS 1815.1 –2002 (Rockwell HRA) 和AS 1817.3 – 2003 (Vickers HV10)。测试在螺栓的螺柱面。

The bolt threaded end face shall be ground flat and three (3) Rockwell (HRA) tests conducted at the mid-radius position at 120 degree intervals.

Using the same bolt, conduct three (3) Vickers (HV10) tests also at the mid-radius position at 120 degree intervals between the sites of the Rockwell tests.

The bolt shall then be tensile tested, recording the following data:

螺柱面应打磨平整，在中半径位置间隔120度进行洛氏硬度测试。

用相同的螺栓，进行3次韦氏测试，同样在中半径位置间隔120度进行，在洛氏硬度测试点之间。

• yield (0.2% PS 和0.5% PS);屈服度

• tensile strength;抗拉强度

• percentage elongation;伸长率

• percentage reduction of area.面积收缩率

The Rockwell and Vickers hardness test results should also be recorded for each bolt.每个螺栓的两种测试结果都应记录。

5.4.2 Nuts螺母

Nuts shall be subject to PMI and Proof Load testing. Proof load testing shall be carried out at the same frequencies as bolts (as shown at 5.2).

螺母应进行PMI和荷载试验。荷载试验的频率与螺栓一样。（参见5.2）

5.4.3 Washers垫圈

Washers shall be subject to PMI testing only.垫圈只用PMI测试。

5.5 Compliance符合性

Using the above method, where the chemical properties or hardness and tensile values fall outside the specified ranges, the entire batch (from which the sample came) shall be rejected, physically identified, quarantined, and shall not be used.

采用上述方法，若发现化学成分或硬度和张力值不合标准，整批（采样来源）应被拒绝，物理鉴定，检疫都不能使用。

5.6 Abstract摘要

Research into the correlation of hardness to tensile values for Austenitic stainless steels has revealed only limited Rockwell data. Therefore there is a need to better correlate the Rockwell values and Vickers values against the tensile test results for each bolt tested. This would allow eventual dropping of tensile testing while the Vickers or Rockwell testing would continue giving reliable indications of tensile values.

奥氏体不锈钢拉伸值的硬度的相关研究，钢透露只限于罗克韦尔数据。因此，有必要更好地对拉伸试验结果的关联罗克韦尔值和维氏值每个螺栓测试。这将使最终下降，而拉伸试验维克斯或罗克韦尔测试将继续提供可靠迹象拉伸值。

The intent of this testing regime is to establish accurate, reliable data showing unit

compliance from known suppliers and manufacturers without ongoing high levels of tensile testing.

这个测试制度的目的是要建立准确，可靠的数据显示单位没有持续的高水平的知名供应商和制造商的履约拉伸试验。

Once a level of confidence has been established via these quality control

measures, testing frequencies may be reduced at the Engineer’s discretion. In the event of a change in supplier or manufacturer, the above testing regime will be reinstated until satisfactory results are consistently returned.

一旦通过这些质量控制已经建立的信任水平工程师的自由裁量权的措施，测试频率可能会降低。在改变供应商或制造商的情况下，上述测试制度将恢复直到满意的结果返回。

APPENDIX B 附录B

STRUCTURAL GRADE CARBON STEEL FASTENERS

TESTING OF IMPORTED STRUCTURAL GRADE FASTENERS

碳钢紧固件结构等级

进口结构级紧固件的测试

1.0 PURPOSE 目的

The purpose of the following testing methodology is to verify compliance on a statistical basis with the relevant Australian and ISO Standards for physical

properties of Structural Grade Fasteners imported into Australia.

下列过程的目的是验证进口至澳大利亚的结构紧固件的合格度，采用PMI，硬度和拉伸试验方法。

2.0 SCOPE范围

This scope covers all Structural Grade Bolts, Nuts and Washers.

包括所有结构等级螺栓螺母垫片。

3.0 REFERENCES参考文献

AS 1252 – 1996 High-Strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering.

AS 4291.1 – 2000 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel. Part 1: Bolts Screws and Studs.

AS 4291.2 – 1995 Mechanical properties of fasteners. Part 2: Nuts with

Specified Proof Load Values – Coarse Thread.

AS1815.1 – 2002 Metallic materials – Rockwell Hardness Test.

AS1817.3 – 2003 Metallic materials – Vickers Hardness Test.

AS 1391 – 2005 Metallic materials – Tensile testing at ambient temperature. All other standards referenced in those listed here which are relevant to the dimensional and physical properties of Structural Grade Fasteners used in

Australia.

4.0 DEFINITIONS定义

Definitions shall be as shown in AS 1252.如AS 1252所示。

5.0 PROCEDURE过程

5.1 Location地点

All testing shall be carried out in Australia by a NATA certified facility, or equivalent facility approved by the Engineer.

测试应在澳大利亚进行采用澳大利亚国家测试机构协会认证的设备，或经工程师许可的设备。

5.2 Frequency频率

The frequency of testing shall be one (1) per 1000 units per batch for nuts,

washers and bolts. Where smaller batch quantities (less than 1000) are involved, one (1) unit per batch shall be tested. Where smaller quantities of different grades are involved (ie Gr 8.8, Gr 10.9, Gr 12.9 etc), one (1) unit per grade shall be tested.

螺栓来说，测试频率应为1000个中测一个。若一批少于1000个，一批测一个。相同数量不同等级的（ie Gr 8.8, Gr 10.9, Gr 12.9）一个等级测一个。

5.3 Traceability追溯性

All bolts, nuts and washers shall be traceable to batch numbers by a suitable means of identification such as tagging or colour coding.

螺栓螺母垫片应能够采用合适的方法追溯批号，例如标签或色彩编码。

5.4 Hardness Testing硬度测试

5.4.1 Bolts螺栓

Hardness testing in accordance with AS 4291.1 is acceptable in lieu of tensile

testing only when testing is conducted on a flat machined surface at the mid-radius position of the shank, one diameter back from the threaded end of the bolt.

The Vickers test (HV) shall be the accepted method for hardness testing of bolts. 按照AS4291.1硬度测试是可以接受的代拉只有当测试是在平坦的加工表面进行中期半径的测试柄的位置，一个直径螺栓的螺纹回。维氏试验（HV）应接受螺栓硬度测试方法。

5.4.2 Nuts螺母

Hardness testing using the Rockwell scale in accordance with AS 4291.2 Section

8.2 is acceptable except where inconsistencies are found in which case the Vickers method shall be the referee test.

硬度测试，按照罗克韦尔规模4291.2第8.2在这种情况下，发现不一致的，除非是可以接受的维克斯方法应裁判的测试。

5.4.3 Washers垫圈

Hardness testing on the flat of the washer using the Rockwell scale in accordance with AS1252 – 1996 Section 4 is acceptable except where inconsistencies are found in which case the Vickers method shall be the referee test.

硬度测试上的洗衣机按照使用罗克韦尔规模持平AS1252 - 1996年第4节是可以接受的，除了在不一致的情况发现维克斯方法，在这种情况下，应裁判的考验。

5.5 Compliance符合性

Using the above methods, where the hardness values fall outside the specified range, the entire batch shall be rejected unless the supplier is able to demonstrate compliance via tensile, wedge and proof load testing on samples from the same batch. This applies equally to bolts, nuts and washers. In all cases Galvanising shall be removed and a clean, flat surface prepared prior to hardness testing. Where batches are rejected, they shall be physically identified, quarantined, and shall not be used.

All imported structural grade fasteners shall meet the requirements of AS 1252- 1996.

超出规定的使用上面的方法，硬度值下降范围内，应当予以驳回，除非供应商能够证明整批遵守通过拉伸，楔形和证明样本来自同一负载测试一批。这同样适用于螺栓，螺母和垫圈。在所有情况下镀锌应拆除干净，平整的表面硬度测试前准备。在批次被拒绝，他们应物理鉴定，隔离，和不得使用。所有进口的结构档次紧固件应符合要求为1252 -1996.

5.6 Abstract概要

The intent of the above testing regime is to establish accurate, reliable data

showing unit compliance from known suppliers and manufacturers. Once a level of confidence has been established via these quality control measures, testing frequencies may be reduced at the engineer’s discretion. In the event of a change in supplier or manufacturer, testing frequencies will be increased until satisfactory results are consistently returned.

上述测试制度的目的是要建立准确，可靠的数据单位遵守知名供应商和制造商。一旦水平已建立信心，通过这些的质量控制措施，测试频率可能会减少工程师的决定。在更改事件在供应商或制造商，测试频率将会增加，直到满意的结果。

力拓矿业集团扩展项目

NO. SKM-STD-C009说明书钢结构制造安装标准说明

1.0 范围

2.0 缩写

3.0 规范标准

3.1 标准说明书

3.2 澳大利亚规范标准

3.3 法定规则

4.0 材料

4.1 概述

4.2 认证

4.3 替代部分

4.4 钢板

4.5 热轧部分

4.6 焊接部分

4.7 底板

4.8 凹陷部分

4.9 冷弯镀锌钢部分

4.10 紧固

4.11 格栅

4.12 楼梯、爬梯、扶手

5.0 检验检测

5.1 材质检测

5.2 焊缝检验检测

5.2.1目测

5.2.2 无损检测，SP焊接

5.2.3 无损检测报告内容

5.2.4 焊缝疲劳检测

5.2.5 典型试样

5.2.6 不符合标准焊缝修补

5.3 工程师检验

5.4 工厂检验

5.5 安装检验

5.6 表面保护

6.0 制造

6.1 概述

6.2 工厂图纸

6.3 公差

6.4 切割折弯

6.5 拼接连接

6.6 螺栓孔

6.7 管状结构

6.8 钢格栅

6.9 衍条围梁

7.0 螺栓

7.1 概述

7.2 不锈钢螺栓连接

7.3 低碳钢螺栓

7.3.1 精密螺栓

7.3.2 高强度螺栓连接

8.0 焊接

8.1 概述

8.2 焊接管理

8.3 最小角焊缝尺寸

8.4 预热

8.5 对接焊接

8.6 焊缝程序和实施资格

8.7 焊接材料

8.8 焊接场地

8.9 焊缝修补

9.0 表面保护

9.1 概述

9.2 Gilsomastic Paint

10.0 MARKING标注

10.1 概述

10.2 方法

10.3 位置

10.4 主体水平标注

11.0 搬运、存储和发货

11.1 搬运、存储

11.2 发货

12.0 安装集装

12.1 概述

12.2 校准、安装

12.3 金属地板装饰

12.4 底板格栅

12.5 安装公差

12.6 安装底座

13.0 扶手

13.1 制造与安装

13.2 表面防护

14.0 钢结构修改

14.1 概述

14.2 修改与纠正

14.3 切割

14.4 打孔

14.5 结束

15.0 灌浆

15.1 准备

15.2 模架

15.3 灌浆

15.4 固化

16.0 清理

附录

附录A-不锈钢紧固件

附录B-碳钢紧固件结构等级

1.0 SCOPE

1.0 范围

本规范涵盖结构钢和机械钢结构制造和架设的要求，包括材料、检查和测试、制造、螺栓、焊接、搬运、储存、交付、安装、修改和底板灌浆。

2.0 ABBREVIATIONS

The abbreviations listed below, where used in this specification, shall have the following meanings:

AS Australian Standard

SAA Standards Association of Australia

AS/NZS Australian Standard / New Zealand Standard

WTIA Welding Technology Institute of Australia

NATA National Association of Testing Authorities

AINDT Australian Institute of Non Destructive Testing

2.0 缩写

下面列出在本规范中使用的缩写涵义：

AS 澳大利亚标准

SAA 澳大利亚标准协会

AS/NZS 澳大利亚标准/新西兰标准

WTIA 澳大利亚焊接技术研究所

NATA 国家检测机构协会

AINDT 澳大利亚无损检测研究所

3.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

The latest revision of the following documents shall form part of this specification

and shall apply wholly or partially as the case may be and as necessary for the performance of the Work under the Contract.

The contractor shall advise the Engineer in writing of any of the requirements of this specification that are of a lower standard than the local Standard or the contractor standard practice.

Local or international standards with requirements equal to or greater than the Standards nominated herein may be applied with the written approval of the Engineer.

In the event of inconsistencies between documents, drawings or reference

standards pertinent to the Contract, the more stringent requirements shall apply unless approved otherwise in writing by the Engineer.

3.0 规范标准

下列文件的最新版本，成为本规范的一部分，根据合同工程需要适用于全部或部分可能的情况。

文件、图纸或相关标准与合同不一致时，需采用更严格的要求，除非经过工程师的书面批准。

3.1 Standard Specifications

Specification No. Title

SKM-STD-C-005 Supply and Placement of Concrete

SKM-STD-C-006 Placement of Concrete

SKM-STD-C-007 Anchor Bolts

SKM-STD-C-010 Fabrication & Erection of Structural Steelwork for Marine Works

SKM-STD-C-011 Surface Preparation, Painting and Galvanising of Steelwork SKM-STD-G-001 Drawing and Documentation / Data Requirements 3.1 标准说明

说明编号标题

SKM-STD-C-005 混凝土供应与浇筑

SKM-STD-C-006 混凝土浇筑

SKM-STD-C-007 地脚螺栓

SKM-STD-C-010 海洋工程钢结构制造与安装

SKM-STD-C-011 钢结构表面准备、喷涂与镀锌

SKM-STD-C-001 图纸、文件/日期要求

3.2 Australian Codes and Standards

Unless otherwise specified or shown, the latest edition of the relevant Australian Codes and Standards, including but not limited to, the following:

Australian Standard Title

AS 1101 Part 3 - Graphical symbols for general engineering

– Welding and non-destructive examination

AS 1110 ISO Metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product Grades

A and B

AS 1111 ISO Metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product Grade C

AS 1112 ISO Metric hexagon nuts

AS 1163 Structural steel hollow sections

AS/NZS 1170 Part 0 – General principles

Part 1 – Permanent, imposed and other actions

Part 2 – Wind actions

Part 4 – Earthquake loads

AS 1171 Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing of

ferro-magnetic products, components and structures

AS 1214 Hot-dipped galvanised coatings on threaded fasteners

AS 1237 Plain washers for metric bolts, screws and nuts for

general purposes

AS/NZS 1252 High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and

washers for structural engineering

AS 1275 Metric screw threads for fasteners

AS 1397 Sheet steel and strip – Hot dipped zinc-coated or

aluminium/zinc-coated

AS 1418 Cranes, hoists and winches

Australian Standard Title

AS/NZS ISO 14343 Welding Consumables – wire electrodes, wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS ISO 17633 Welding consumables – Tubular cored electrodes and rods for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc

welding of stainless and heat resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4854 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels -

Classification

AS/NZS 4855 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4856 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creep resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4857 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

3.2 Australian Codes and Standards

Unless otherwise specified or shown, the latest edition of the relevant Australian Codes and Standards, including but not limited to, the following:

Australian Standard Title

AS 1101 Part 3 - Graphical symbols for general engineering

– Welding and non-destructive examination

AS 1110 ISO Metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product Grades

A and B

AS 1111 ISO Metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product Grade C

AS 1112 ISO Metric hexagon nuts

AS 1163 Structural steel hollow sections

AS/NZS 1170 Part 0 – General principles

Part 1 – Permanent, imposed and other actions

Part 2 – Wind actions

Part 4 – Earthquake loads

AS 1171 Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing of

ferro-magnetic products, components and structures

AS 1214 Hot-dipped galvanised coatings on threaded fasteners

AS 1237 Plain washers for metric bolts, screws and nuts for

general purposes

AS/NZS 1252 High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and

washers for structural engineering

AS 1275 Metric screw threads for fasteners

AS 1397 Sheet steel and strip – Hot dipped zinc-coated or

aluminium/zinc-coated

AS 1418 Cranes, hoists and winches

Australian Standard Title

AS/NZS ISO 14343 Welding Consumables – wire electrodes, wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS ISO 17633 Welding consumables – Tubular cored electrodes and rods for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc

welding of stainless and heat resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4854 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

metal arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels -

Classification

AS/NZS 4855 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4856 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

metal arc welding of creep resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS 4857 Welding Consumables – Covered electrodes for manual

metal arc welding of high strength steels – Classification

AS/NZS ISO 17632 Welding Consumables – Tubular cored electrodes for

gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of

non-alloy and fine grained steels – Classification

AS/NZS ISO 17634 Welding Consumables – tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding of creep-resisting steels –

Classification

AS/NZS ISO 18276 Welding Consumables – Tubular cored electrodes for

gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of

high strength steels – Classification

AS/NZS 2717 Welding – Electrodes – Gas Metal Arc – Ferretic steel

electrodes

AS/NZS 1554 Structural steel welding

AS 1579 Arc welded steel pipes and fittings for water and

wastewater

AS 1627 Metal Finishing – Preparation and Pre-Treatment of

Surfaces

AS 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders –

design, construction and installation

AS 1710 Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic testing of carbon and

low alloy steel plate – Test methods and quality

classification

AS 1789 Electroplated zinc (electro galvanised) coatings on

ferrous articles (batch process)

AS 1796 Certification of welders and welding supervisors

AS 1858 Electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding

Australian Standard Title

AS 1966 Electric arc welding power sources

Part 1 – Transformer type

Part 2 – Rotary type

Part 3 – Plasma arc cutting and welding types

AS 2159 Piling – Design and installation

AS 2177 Non-destructive testing – Radiography of welded butt

joints in metal

AS 2207 Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic testing of fusion

welded joints in carbon and low alloy steels

AS 2214 Certification of welding supervisors

AS 2812 Welding, brazing and cutting of metals – Glossary of

terms

AS 2980 Qualification of welders for fusion welding of steel

AS/NZS 3678 Structural steel – Hot rolled plates, floor plates and slabs

AS/NZS 3679 Structural steel

Part 1 – Hot rolled bars and sections

Part 2 – Welded I sections

AS 3990 Mechanical equipment – Steelwork

AS 4100 Steel structures

AS 4291 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners

AS/NZS 4600 Cold-formed steel structures

AS/NZS 4673 Cold-formed stainless steel structures

ISO Standard Title

ISO 3506.1 & 2 Mechanical Properties of Corrosion Resistant Stainless

Steel Fasteners

3.2 澳大利亚规范标准

除非另有说明，澳大利亚最新版规范与标准包括但不限于：澳大利亚标准标题

AS 1101 第三部分 - 概述工程图形符号– 焊接与无损检测

AS 1110 ISO 公制六角螺栓和螺钉– 产品等级A、B

AS 1111 ISO 公制六角螺栓和螺钉 – 产品等级 C

AS 1112 ISO 公制六角螺栓螺母

AS 1163 空心钢结构

AS/NZS 1170 Part 0 – 一般原则

Part 1 – 永久、施加和其他效应

Part 2 – 风压效应

Part 4 – 地震荷载

AS 1171 无损检测– 磁铁产品、部件和结构磁粉探伤

AS 1214 螺纹紧固件热侵镀锌层

AS 1237 公制普通螺栓、螺钉、螺母的垫圈

AS/NZS 1252 钢结构工程高强度螺栓、螺母、垫圈

AS 1275 公制螺纹紧固件

AS 1397 钢板钢带 – 热侵镀锌层或铝/锌层

AS 1418 起重机、绞车、滑车

AS/NZS ISO 14343 焊材分类–不锈钢和耐热钢电弧焊用焊条、焊丝和焊棒

AS/NZS ISO 17633 焊材分类–不锈钢和耐热钢气体与非气体保护金属弧焊用管芯

焊条和焊棒

AS/NZS 4857 焊材分类-高强度钢手工金属弧焊用带焊皮焊条

AS/NZS ISO 17632 焊材分类-非合金钢和细精钢气体与非气体保护金属弧焊用管

芯焊条

AS/NZS ISO 17634 焊材分类–抗蠕变钢气体金属弧焊管芯焊条

AS/NZS ISO 18276 焊材分类–高强度钢气体与非气体保护金属弧焊用管芯焊条 AS/NZS 2717 焊接–焊条-气体金属焊-铁素体焊条

AS/NZS 1554 钢结构焊接

AS 1579 电弧焊接钢管，供水和污水处理装置

AS 1627 金属加工-表面准备和预处理

AS 1657 固定平台、走道、楼梯和梯子-设计、施工和安装

AS 1710

AS 1789

AS 1796

AS 1858

AS 1966

AS 2159

AS 2177

AS 2207

AS 2214

AS 2812

AS 2980

AS/NZS 3678

AS/NZS 3679

AS 3990

AS 4100

AS 4291

AS/NZS 4600

AS/NZS 4673

ISO 标准

ISO 3506.1 & 2

国际标准等同于或高于相应的澳大利亚标准时，需经过工程师书面许可方可采用。

3.3 Statutory Regulations

The contractor shall be responsible for compliance of all Works with Australian Government Acts, By-laws and Regulations, both State and Federal, including but not limited to:

• Electricity Act Regulations (1945);

• Explosives and Dangerous Goods Act (1961) and Explosives Regulations (1963);

• WA Electrical Requirements (1995) Particular Specifications;

• WA Occupational Safety and Health Act (1984);

• WA Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (1996);

• Mines Safety and Inspection Act (1994);

• Mines Safety and Inspections Regulations (1995);

• Transport Operation (Marine Safety) Act (1994);

• Machinery Safety Regulations.

Where Works may be performed outside of Australia, the contractor shall comply with all applicable International and National Acts, By-laws and Regulations.

3.3 法定规则

承包商应负责遵守澳大利亚州和联邦所有的政府行为、法律和条例，包括但不限于： • 电力法条例 (1945)；

• 爆炸物及危险品法案(1961) 爆炸物条例(1963)；

• 西澳电气要求特殊说明(1995)；

• 西澳职业安全健康法 (1984)；

• 西澳职业健康和安全法(1996)；

• 煤矿安全和检验法 (1994)；

• 煤矿安全和检验规则(1995)；

• 运输业务法（海上安全）(1994)；

• 机械安全条例

在澳大利亚境外进行的工程，承包商应遵守所有适用的国际和国内法案、条例和法规。

4.0 MATERIALS

4.1 General

4.0 材料

4.1 概述

4.2 Certification

manufacturer’s certificates shall be available at the manufacture’s workshop upon request. All such plates and sections shall have clear and distinct marks

identifying the respective grades of steel. The type of certificate required shall be as follows:

Material Certificate Type

The certificate types shall conform to the requirements of Standard EN 10204 Type 2.2.

Carbon Steel Test Report (with mention of the test results carried out on the

basis of non-specific testing and inspection). Document

validated by the Manufacturer.

Welding

Consumables

Test Report (with mention of the test results carried out on the

basis of non-specific testing and inspection). Document

validated by the Manufacturer.

Fasteners Test Reports shall be in accordance with Appendix A or B,

whichever is applicable.

All data listed in the certificates and reports shall be shown in SI units, in

accordance with AS 1100 International System of Units (SI) and its application. Certificates shall be written in the English language and shall be complete,

The Engineer will perform random examination of material certificates to check compliance with these requirements.

4.2 认证

材料认证类型

认证类型符合EN 10204Type 2.2标准要求。

4.3 Substitution of Sections

Substitution of structural steel sections or variation of details shown on the drawings shall not be made without the prior written approval of the Engineer.

4.3 替代部分

替代结构钢部分或细节的变化图纸，不得未经工程师事先书面批准而投入生产。

4.4 Steel Plate

All steel plate shall be Grade 250 to AS 3678, unless noted otherwise on the drawings.

4.4 钢板

除非图纸另有说明，依据AS 3678，所有钢板为等级250。

4.5 Hot Rolled Sections

All hot rolled sections shall be Grade 300 (i.e. BHP-300 Plus), unless noted otherwise on the drawings.

4.5 热轧部件

除非图纸另有说明，所有热轧部件等级300(i.e. BHP-300 Plus)。

4.6 Welded Sections

All standard welded beams (WB) and welded columns (WC) shall be Grade 300

4.6 焊接部件

除非图纸另有说明(即 AS/NZS 3679.2-300)，根据AS 3679.2，所有标准焊接梁(WB)和焊接柱(WC)等级为300。

4.7 Floor Plate

All floor plate shall be Grade 250 to AS/NZS 3678, and shall have a raised pattern surface (i.e. AS/NZS 3678-250).

4.7 底板

根据AS/NZS 3678，所有底板等级250，有凸起的图案表面(即AS/NZS 3678-250)。

4.8 Hollow Sections

4.8 空心型钢

4.9 Cold Formed Galvanised Steel Section

Cold formed galvanised steel sections shall be formed from Grade 450 hot-dipped zinc coated steel as specified in AS 1397.

4.9 冷弯镀锌钢部分

根据AS 1397，冷弯镀锌钢部分等级450，热侵镀锌层。

4.10 Fasteners

All bolts, washers and nuts shall comply with the relevant Australian Standards and where specified shall be supplied with an anti-corrosion treatment comprising

one of the following systems, as specified on the drawings:

i) Hot-dipped galvanized in accordance with AS 1214, unless noted,

otherwise;

ii) Zinc plated in accordance with AS 1397 where specified on the drawings, or;

iii) Stainless steel Grade 316 to AS/NZS 4673 bolts, nuts and washers

Strength Classes A4-50 and A4-70 depending on size (unless noted

otherwise), where specified on the drawings.

The requirements for mechanical properties of fasteners are set out in Appendices

A and B.

Refer to Section 7.0 for additional bolting requirements during construction.

4.10 紧固件

所有的螺栓，垫圈和螺母应符合相关的澳大利亚标准并在指定的地方，有反腐蚀性，其中包括以下系统，如图纸指定：

i) 按照AS 1214为热侵镀锌，除非另有说明；

ii) 根据AS 1397，图纸上特殊镀锌；

iii) 不锈钢等级316，AS / NZS4673螺栓、螺母和垫圈强度等级A4- 50，A4- 70，根据大小而定（除非在图纸上另有说明否则）。

紧固件的机械性能按照附录A 、B。

建筑中螺栓附加要求参见7.0。

4.11 Grating

All grating shall be mild steel, ‘Webforge’ F325MPG or ‘Weldlok’ B60-325

All grating shall be hot dipped galvanised.

4.11 格栅

4.12 Stairways, Ladders and Handrails

All materials for stairways and ladders shall be in accordance with AS 1657.

All handrails shall be the ‘Monowills’ handrail system, unless otherwise nominated or approved by the Engineer.

4.12 楼梯、爬梯、扶手

楼梯和爬梯的所有材料按照AS 1657。除非由工程师签名或者同意，所有扶手为“Monowills”扶手系统。

5.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING

5.0 检验检测

5.1 Material Testing

Material certification shall be supplied for all material in accordance with Section

4.2.

Standard AS/NZS 3678 (or an approved equivalent International Standard), and shall be submitted to the engineer when available but before the relevant materials are incorporated into the works.

In the event that the manufacturer is unable to produce steel manufacturer’s certificates in accordance with Section 4.0 when requested by the Engineer,

Where the contractor is unable to produce steel manufacturer’s certificates for the through-thickness properties of steel plate 32mm thick or over, or the plate is

manufactured outside Australia, it shall be ultrasonically tested for flaws from both sides for laminations and other defects in accordance with the requirements of AS 1710 Level 2.

5.1 材料检测

供应所有材料的认证符合4.2。

工程师有权决定板材是否可以接受，可能会或可能不会用于工程，承办商须取代由工程师拒绝的所有材料。

5.2 Weld Testing and Inspection

The extent of inspection and testing of welds shall be as specified in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2. Where testing levels are less

5.2 焊缝检验检测

检查检验焊缝的范围应按照第5.2.1和5.2.2规定，测试水平低于100％，工程师将有权要求焊缝进行测试。

5.2.1 Visual Inspection

Visual inspections of all weld preparation and all welds shall be carried out in accordance with AS/NZS 1554 except the extent of visual inspection shall be as follows:

a) visual scanning – 100% of all weld preparations;

b) visual examination – 100% of all welds.

All visual inspections of welds shall be undertaken by a qualified welding inspector

who has not been involved in the supervision of the welding. Visual inspection also includes the inspection of the weld preparation.

5.2.1 目测

焊缝准备和所有焊缝的目测按照AS/NZS 1554进行，目测延伸按照以下要求： a) 视觉扫描 – 所有焊缝准备；

b) 外观检查– 所有焊缝。

所有焊缝应进行目视检查，由有资格的焊接检查，检查员没有参与焊接监督。目视检查还包括焊接准备检查。

如果焊缝外观检查不合格规则，根据AS/ NZS1554规定，焊缝应予以拒绝，进行进一步无损检测，直至焊接条件予以纠正。

5.2.2 Non-Destructive Testing, SP Welds

All NDT Technicians must be fully qualified for the relevant testing to be

undertaken and be qualified to AINDT, PCN or similar. Copies of the technician’s qualifications shall be made available for review prior to any NDT works being undertaken.

The testing procedures to be used are:

i) radiographic testing;

ii) ultrasonic testing;

iii) magnetic particle testing.

The extent of testing shall be as follows:

• Shop Welds:

a) 100% of all shop complete penetration butt weld splices for beams

and columns using procedures (i) or (ii) and (iii);

b) all shop complete penetration butt welds, test 10% of the length of

all welds longer than 1000mm or a minimum of 10% (one in ten) of

all other complete or partial penetration welded joints where welds

are less than 1000mm long using procedures (i) or (ii);

c) all critical welds as specified on the drawings and/or noted in the

contract specification, where no procedure is nominated, using

procedures (i) or (ii) and (iii);

d) all shop fillet welds, test 10% of the length of all welds longer than

1000mm or a minimum of 10% (one in ten) of all other shop fillet

welded joints less than 1000mm long using procedure (iii).

• Field Welds:

a) 100% of all field complete penetration butt weld splices for beams or

columns, including using procedures (i) or (ii) and (iii);

b) 30% of all field complete penetration or partial penetration butt

welds shall be tested using procedure (i) or (ii) and (iii);

c) all critical welds as specified on the drawings and/or noted in the

contract specification, where no procedure is nominated, using

procedures (i) or (ii) and (iii);

d) 10% of all field fillet welds shall be tested using procedure (iii).

The maximum imperfection level for SP welds as determined by testing or

examination shall be limited to L/5 for all plate thicknesses.

5.2.2 无损检测 SP焊接

下列无损检测焊缝应由承包商采用独立NATA注册实验室进行，应告知工程师该报告，报告在十个工作日内审查。

所有无损检测技术人员必须是完全合格，有关测试需要技术人员承诺，并有AINDT、PCN或相似的证书。提供副本资格审查，无损检测工程进行检测。

检测程序如下：

i) 射线检测

ii) 超声波检测

iii) 磁粉探伤检测

进一步检测如下：

• 车间焊接：

a) 车间所有梁和柱全焊透对接焊拼接采用程序 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

b) 车间全焊透对接焊，焊缝长度大于1000mm检测10%，其他全焊缝或者部分焊接检测最少为10%，焊缝小于1000mm采用程序 (i) 或 (ii)；

c) 参见图纸或者合同说明，所有关键焊缝，没有焊接程序说明的，采用 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

d) 车间所有角焊缝，焊缝长度大于1000mm检测10%，车间其他所有角焊缝小于1000mm焊接检测10%，采用程序(iii)。

• 现场焊接：

a) 现场所有梁和柱全焊透对接焊拼接采用程序 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

b) 所有现场全焊透或部分焊透对接30%检测，采用程序 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

c) 参见图纸或者合同说明，所有关键焊缝，没有焊接程序说明的，采用 (i) 或 (ii) 和 (iii)；

d) 现场角焊缝10%检测，采用程序(iii)。

根据检测检验，所有板厚SP焊接最大缺陷水平限于L/5。

5.2.3 Content of Non-Destructive Testing (NDE) Reports

5.2.3 无损检测报告内容

5.2.4 Testing of Fatigue Purpose (FP) Welds

Unless noted otherwise, FP welds shall be subject to the following testing and inspection in accordance with the requirements of AS 1554.5:

i) visual scanning 100%;

ii) visual inspection 100%;

iii) magnetic particle testing 100%;

iv) radiographic testing or ultrasonic testing 50%.

5.2.4 焊缝疲劳检测

按照AS 1554.5要求，焊缝疲劳检测按照以下要求，除非另有说明：

i) 视觉扫描

ii) 视觉检测

iii) 磁粉探伤检测

iv) 射线检测或超声波检测

5.2.5 Representative Sampling

Where sampling of welded joints is required for non-destructive testing, such sampling shall be consistent over the duration of shop fabrication and

representative of all types of welded joints, welding procedure specifications (WPS) and also provide a representative sample of each welder’s work.

5.2.6 Repair of Sub-Standard Welds

All welds failing to meet the permissible levels of imperfections allowed in

5.2.5 典型试样

焊接接头取样要求为无损测试，如采样在工厂制作时间一致，代表所有类型的焊接接头，焊接工艺规范（WPS），提供每个焊工代表性样本。

5.2.6 不符合标准焊缝修补

5.3 Inspection by the Engineer

The contractor shall give the Engineer 24 hours notice for inspections nominated as Witness or Hold points on the contractor’s ITP, or where the Engineer’s

approval is required for commencement of any stage of the Works.

5.3 工程师检验

承包者应给工程师24小时巡查，提名通知见证人或持有人对承包商ITP，或在工程师批准所需的工程的任何阶段。

5.4 Inspection During Fabrication

which defects have been found at any time prior to the completion of the Contract.

5.4 工厂检验

5.5 Inspection During Erection

All field bolting and field welding shall be inspected during erection. All field weld slag shall be removed prior to inspection.

Priming and painting in the vicinity of welds shall not be carried out over any field welding until they have been tested in accordance with Section 5.2.

No concrete encasing or formwork installation shall be carried out until the

Engineer has inspected and approved the preparation of the steelwork to be encased.

No grouting may take place until the Engineer has inspected and approved the preparation of both the steel and concrete.

5.5 安装检验

架设/安装，承包商和分包商应准许工程师或其代表开展检查，在所有合理时间，并应承担此类检查所有必要的设施。

安装中，检查所有现场螺栓和焊接。检验前，清除所有现场焊渣。

根据5.2，焊缝周围的底漆和焊缝不能在任何现场焊接，除非经过测试。

不进行具体装箱和模板安装，直到工程师对钢结构包装检测并批准。

工程师对钢结构和混凝土准备检测和批准后进行灌浆。

5.6 Surface Protection

Testing of protective coatings shall be in accordance with the Standard

Specification SKM-STD-C-011 “Surface Preparation, Painting and Galvanising of Steelwork”.

5.6 表面保护

保护层检测依据标准说明SKM-STD-C-011“钢结构表面准备、喷涂、镀锌”。

6.0 FABRICATION

6.1 General

All structural steelwork shall be fabricated as shown on the drawings and in accordance with the requirements of this specification and AS 4100.

Substitutions of structural steel sections or modifications of design details shall only be made with the written approval of the Engineer.

All members shall be pre-fabricated into sub-assemblies to facilitate field erection. The maximum size suitable for sub-assemblies shall be subject to approval.

The steelwork shall be fabricated complete with all necessary temporary brackets, straps, gussets, cleats, fixings and the like necessary for handling, erection and assembly of the steelwork.

contractor shall submit the type, size and location of all lugs to the Engineer for approval where the lifting lug exceeds 5t Working Load Limit (WLL).

6.0 制造

6.1 概述

钢结构制造依据图纸、本说明要求和AS 4100。

钢结构部分替代或设计详情修改需要经过工程师的书面同意。

所有部件应该预先制造、组装、现场安装。组装的最大适合尺寸应该得到同意。

6.2 Shop Drawings

If directed by the Engineer, the contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of all shop drawings required for the satisfactory fabrication of steelwork in

Engineer will not relieve the contractor of any responsibility for the accuracy of the drawings or the fabrication Works there from.

6.2 工厂图纸

6.3 Tolerances

6.3 公差

钢结构制造公差依据AS4100，除非图纸或合同另有说明。该公差估计温度为20ºC。

6.4 Cutting and Bending

provide a smooth, even and true profile. Sheared edges to be included in welded joints shall be ground free of sharp edges.

Preparation of structural tubes for welding shall be in accordance with

AS/NZS 1554.

All plates, gussets, members etc shall have sharp edges and corners rounded and ground smooth to a minimum radius of 2mm.

6.4 切割折弯

如果部件或板材需要弯曲或设置，弯曲和设置应该标出半径，与钢印分开。折弯前，板材边缘弯曲应该平滑。

所有板材、角撑板、部件应具有锋利和圆润的边角，地面光滑最小半径为2mm。

6.5 Splices and Joints

accordance with Section 5.2.

The minimum length of a spliced section component should not be less than six (6) times the depth of the section or 1000mm, whichever is greater.

Welded splices in compound members shall be staggered, and the component plates and sections spliced before compounding.

Critical field splices and joints shall be mated in the shop on completion of

fabrication to ensure satisfactory fit when installed.

Should the contractor wish to make field splices and joints, whether bolted or

welded, in addition to those shown on the drawings, or in different locations, such connections shall be to the written approval of the Engineer in respect to design, procedure and workmanship.

6.5 拼接连接

拼接部分组件的最小长度不应少于部件深度的六倍或1000mm，以较大者为准。复合部件焊接接头应错开，组件前复合板和部件拼接。

安装时，关键部位的接头和接缝应在工厂内完成配制造，以确保满意。

承包商要进行现场接头和连接，无论是螺栓或除了在图纸上的显示，或在不同的地点，焊接、连接应以书面得到工程师设计、程序和工艺方面的批准。

6.6 Bolt Holes螺栓孔

Where steelwork is hot dipped galvanised, the contractor shall ensure the zinc coating thickness within bolt holes does not exceed 200 microns.

经过热浸镀锌的部件，承包商应确保螺栓孔内锌层厚度不超过200微米。

Holes in base plates for anchor bolts to footings shall be not more than 6mm

oversize for anchor bolts up to and including 24mm in diameter and not more than 8mm oversize for bolts greater than 24mm in diameter.

基板上的地脚螺栓孔最大不能比所用螺栓大6mm，包括直径24mm并且对于大于24mm的螺栓孔径不能比栓径大8mm。

若指定使用长圆孔，必须准确造型，边缘光滑，平行，末端成半圆形。间隙公差参见上文。长圆孔的长度由孔（或钻或冲）的中心间距决定。

钢结构中的圆孔或长圆孔不能用火焰切割。孔的周围需平滑，不能有毛边，层叠，或其可能对接触面稳定性造成影响的其他瑕疵。

Punching of holes full size shall be carried out in accordance with AS 4100. Holes may be punched to at least 3mm undersize and then reamed to full size.

Holes through tubular members shall be lined with sleeves and an external fillet weld run around the perimeter of the sleeve to seal the gap between the sleeve and the wall of the tube.

冲孔实际大小应按照AS 4100。冲孔至少小3mm，然后再铰大至实际尺寸。管件上的孔需装套管，并用外部角焊缝沿着套管周长密封管壁和套管的间距。

6.7 Tubular Construction管件建设

All tubes and hollow sections shall be fully sealed to prevent the ingress of

管件和空心型钢必须完全密封防止湿气进入。除非另有规定，采用5mm的板对最终加工安装后的部件进行完全密封。加工的方形管也需要完全密封。

Where galvanising is specified the contractor shall provide all holes in the

members required to ensure adequate venting and no deformation during the galvanising process. Where galvanised and shown on the drawings, seal weld and touch up all vent holes, prior to delivery to.

6.8 Steel Grating格子板

Steel grating for floors, walkways, landings and stair treads shall be in sizes

suitable for handling and shall be suitably marked or tagged. The layout of the

panels shall be such as to facilitate their installation and securing in position by the contractor.

用于地板，过道，梯台和楼梯踏板的格子板的尺寸应便于运输并且标注标识或标签。格子板的布局应辅助其安装和确保位置正确。

Not withstanding any tolerances nominated by the grating manufacturer, the

不能反抗格子板生产商的公差，承包商应选择，切割并修剪每个格子板，使其安装时相邻边钢筋之间的垂直差距不得大于3mm。水平差距不得大于10mm。

Penetrations to floor panels shall be cut and fabricated in the shop prior to hot dip galvanising.

6.9 Purlins and Girts檩条与围梁

Purlins and girts shall be continuous members, supplied and erected in

accordance with the Manufacturer’s specification, complete with laps at splices where required and central or double rows of bridging where shown.

檩条和围梁应为连续组件，按照生产商的规定进行供货和安装，拼接处用圈绕并且按照要求在连接处用中心或双股。

7.0 BOLTING栓接

7.1 General综述

Structural steelwork shall be bolted as shown on the drawings. All bolts, washers and nuts shall comply with the relevant Australian Standards.

Unless specified otherwise, all bolted joints shall be made using Grade 8.8 high strength bolts, nuts and washers.

钢结构栓接应按照图纸要求，所有螺栓，垫片，螺母都必须符合澳大利亚标准。除另有规定，所有栓接都应用8.8级高强螺栓，螺母和垫片。

螺栓长度应确保在螺栓紧固后伸出部分有最少2个最多10mm的丝长，这样螺母才能完全紧固且没有用完全部丝长。

Where bolted end cleats are used, they and the member to which they are

connected shall receive the full specified treatment before assembly.

Bolted connections subject to vibration and/or heavy loads shall be fitted with lock nits approved by the Engineer. Such bolted connection may include but not be

limited to: platform support, walkways, conveyors, steelwork and secondary steelwork.

当要使用栓接夹板时，夹板和其连接部件都应在组装前进行特殊处理。

易受到震动和重压的栓接应搭配工程师许可的紧锁螺母。这样的栓接应包括且不仅限于：平台支撑，通道，传送机，钢结构和二级钢结构。

7.2 Stainless Steel Bolted Connections不锈钢栓接

All bolts, nuts and washers used offshore below deck level shall be stainless steel 316 (minimum Grade A4) fitted with lock nuts unless shown otherwise on the drawings.

所有螺栓，螺母，垫片用于离岸甲板以下的都应用不锈钢316（至少A4级）搭配紧锁螺栓，除非在图纸上另有说明。

All stainless steel bolts shall have rolled threads and be:

A4-70 For bolts less than or equal to M20

A4-50 For bolts greater than M20

所有不锈钢螺栓应有滚制螺纹：

A4-70用于小于等于 M20的螺栓；

A4-50用于大于M20的螺栓；

根据制造商说明，不锈钢螺栓应用转矩扳手拧至正确的转矩。紧固的力矩包括螺纹润滑和nyloc螺母。

连接结构包括乙缩醛垫圈和/或氯丁橡胶垫片，不锈钢螺栓应紧固至连接完全结合且没有损伤乙缩醛垫圈和/或氯丁橡胶垫片。

7.3 Mild Steel Bolts低碳钢螺栓

All mild steel bolts, washers and nuts shall be hot-dipped galvanised in accordance with AS 1214.

低碳钢螺栓垫片螺母应根据AS 1214进行热浸镀锌。

7.3.1 Commercial and Precision Bolts商业和精密螺栓

Commercial bolts may be used for field connections for handrails, cold formed girts

7.3.2 High Strength Bolted Connections高强螺栓连接

High strength bolted connections shall be bearing-type (TB), unless otherwise shown and shall be made in accordance with the provisions of AS 4100.

accordance with AS 4100.

高强螺栓连接应为承压型（TB），除另有说明，应按照AS4100中的规定使用。

Unless otherwise specified, bolts used on bevelled surfaces shall be provided with bevelled washers which shall provide full bearing to the head and the nut.

除另有规定，用在坡口表面的螺栓应提供坡口垫圈，确保螺栓头和螺母完全接合。 8.0 WELDING焊接

8.1 General综述

Welding shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements of

AS 1554 unless specifically stated otherwise on the drawings. All welding shall be

carried out conforming to either GP (General Purpose) or SP (Structural Purpose) categories as defined in AS 1554.1 or FP (Fatigue Purpose) as defined in

AS1554.5. The categories shall be used for the following purposes:

cable trays, etc; GP—扶手，护栏，较小的支架，电缆线架等；

ii) SP – all structural connections including all bracing and cleat connections; SP—所有结构连接包括支架和栓接；

iii) FP – connections subject to high levels of fatigue loading. FP—连接应符合高级疲劳荷载。

All stainless steel welds shall be category 18, Grade III as defined in AS/NAZ 1554.6 unless noted otherwise.

Undercutting shall be minimised to T/10 or 1mm maximum and weld toes shall blend evenly with the parent plate.

除另有说明，按照AS/NAZ1554.6，不锈钢焊接应为18类III级。

根切应最小至T/10 或最大1mm，焊趾应与基板结合均匀。

8.2 Welding Supervision焊接管理

Contractor of the responsibility to adequately supervise and control the quality over all work carried out either in the workshop or on Site.

Notwithstanding the provisions of AS/NZS 1554, the sole authority for final

determination of quality and acceptance of welds will be the Engineer.

工程师指定的焊接检查员不能代替承包商监督控制车间与现场工作的责任。

尽管AS/NZS 1554中有规定，焊接质量合格的唯一依据是工程师。

8.3 Minimum Fillet Weld Size最小角焊缝尺寸

Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, the minimum weld size between

adjoining components, touching components, edges and faying surfaces shall be a continuous fillet weld, Category SP, with a leg length as listed below:

除图纸上另有规定，连接部件，接触部件，边缘和结合表面间的最小焊接尺寸应为连续的角焊缝，SP，长度如下所示：

i) 6mm for plates less than 16mm thick; 小于16mm板为6mm；

ii) 8mm for plates equal to or greater than 16mm thick and less than 32mm thick; 大于等于16mm小于32mm板8mm

板厚指的是所焊接的部件的厚度。在第一种情况下，部件厚度应小于6mm。角焊缝应与最薄的材料一样厚。

8.4 Preheating预热

Preheating and inter-pass temperature control shall be performed in accordance with AS 1554.1, Section 5.3.

预热和中间温度控制应按照AS 1554.1, 5.3部分。

8.5 Butt Welds对接焊

Run-on and run-off strips shall be used for butt welds and shall be removed on completion of the weld and the attachment weld ground square and/or flush.

运行决胜条应采用对接焊缝，应取消对完成焊接和附件焊接地面广场和/或冲洗。

如果这是不可能回泥根运行，备份将只允许带如果不能充分渗透，从一个侧面实现。常驻后盾条除非在图纸上所示，否则不允许。

incorporated into welds shall then be ground.

penetration butt weld detail for each particular location and submit the details to the Engineer for approval.

图纸上标注为CP的应用全焊透对接焊。对于CP焊接，承包商应选择每一处最合适的全焊透对接焊，并将细节提交工程师。

全焊透对接焊在图纸上的标识是一种设计偏好。承包商应提交可供选择的全焊透对接焊细节提交工程师许可。

对接焊上的盖帽（加固件）应不大于AS 1554.1, 表 6.2所示。过大的盖帽应打磨至要求的尺寸并没有表面裂痕和气孔。

所有的焊接种类，承包商应提交工程师，焊接流程和工艺评定记录应符合焊接加工要求和预期的责任。

除上述要求，承包商应存档使用到的焊接流程标准，包括无损探伤检测，材料材质证检查，耗材材质证检查和破坏性试验。

焊工资格应符合AS 1554中的相关规定。工作开始前承包商应提交所有资格证记录的附件给工程师。

8.7 Weld Materials焊材

Electrodes to be furnished by the contractor for welding shall conform to,

standards listed in Section 3.2.

氢控焊条用于SP焊接。焊条应为E48XX，除了E55XX（低氢）用于焊接450级钢材，除了工程师应有规定。焊条应符合3.2部分的要求。

All consumables employed for the Works shall be supplied with batch certificates in accordance with Section 4.2.

Tack welds shall be made with the same type of electrode that is used for

depositing the root pass, unless the tack weld is removed prior to welding.

工人所用的耗材按照4.2部分的要求应有批次合格证。

定位焊应采用与根部焊道一样的焊条。除了焊接前将定位焊移除的情况。

8.8 Site Welding现场焊接

Site welding shall not be permitted except where shown on the drawings or specifically approved by the Engineer.

The contractor shall plan the Work as far as possible to limit the amount of overhead welding.

现场焊接只有在图纸上注明或工程师许可的情况下才能使用。

承包商应尽量减少仰熔焊的工作量。

8.9 Weld Repairs焊接修复

Where it is necessary to repair welds that have failed the inspection criteria, the contractor shall submit a repair procedure to the Engineer for approval prior to

commencing the Work.

如果焊接没有达到标准需要修复时，承包商应在工作开始之前向工程师提交修复流程。 9.0 SURFACE PROTECTION表面保护

9.1 General综述

All steelwork shall be painted or galvanised as specified on the drawings in accordance with Standard Specification SKM-STD-C-011.

所有钢件应按照SKM-STD-C-011标准根据图纸上的要求进行喷漆或镀锌。

对于镀锌钢件，应确保在送去镀锌前准备足够的排水孔，排水孔在图纸上有详细标注。氧乙炔火焰切割不能用于排水孔的加工。

9.2 Gilsomastic Paint Gilsomastic油漆

10.0 MARKING标识

10.1 General综述

All fabricated structural steel members shall be distinctly marked in accordance with the marking diagram before being despatched to Site.

所有加工钢结构应在发往现场之前分别根据标识图表做标识。

10.2 Method方法

All mark numbers shall consist of 15mm high characters as a minimum.

当部件尺寸过小无法打钢印时，应制作1.5mm厚的金属标签，打上钢印，用最小12标准尺寸的绳子系在部件上。

所有标号应最小15mm高。

10.3 Location位置

All beams shall be marked on the top face at the North or East end.

All columns shall be marked on the North face approximately 200mm above the base plate, or bottom end.

Horizontal bracing shall be marked at the North or East end.

Vertical bracing shall be marked at the bottom.

型钢应将钢印打在东端或北端的表面。

柱子应标注在北面接近基板以上200mm或底端。

水平支撑应标注在北端或东端。

竖直支撑打在底部。

10.4 Column Levelling Marks柱子校平标志

show the true theoretical centre line of the column.

所有柱子应有清晰可见的校平标志。划线或中心标记用于检查两个方向的直角垂直准确度和水平准确度。标识和下划线应标明柱子的理论中心线。

11.0 HANDLING, STORAGE AND DELIVERY TO搬运，存储，发货

11.1 Handling and Storage搬运和存储

Lifting studies shall be prepared and submitted for approval prior to lifting any element weighting 20t or more.

钢件的搬运和存储不应出现过压或变形。其存放应高于地面避免存水。螺栓螺母垫片应存放于清洁不透水的容器中。损坏的腐蚀的螺栓不能使用。

20t或以上的吊车作业应先提交工程师以获得许可。

11.2 Delivery to发货

Damaged materials or components shall be replaced unless the contractor is given the Engineer's written consent to repair and erect them.

Signature of delivery dockets is not an acceptance that the items have been delivered free of damage.

钢结构发货应按照图纸和规范的要求。工程师和承包商应检查发货的钢结构是否有损伤，是否存放合理。

损坏的部件或材料应替换，除非或得工程师的书面许可进行修复。

签署的交货记录不能代表部件已经完好的发出。

Responsibility for steelwork shall remain with the contractor until erected,

inspected and accepted by the Engineer.

发货，卸货，堆码，安装过程应采取保护措施，确保保护涂层不受损。受损的区域应由承包商修复，直至符合要求。

在钢结构由工程师安装，检查并接受前，承包商应对其负责。

12.0 ERECTION AND ASSEMBLEY架设和安装

12.1 General综述

除图纸上另有说明，加工图或安装图，钢结构安装应遵循AS 4100。注意一定要确保机械部件的校准，这比AS4100要求更为细致。

Erection planning shall minimise the ‘working at heights’ risk in accordance with the safety requirements.

在多层结构中应逐步地进行永久固定，尽可能的紧跟在架设后。除另有协定，在超过上一永久栓接3层以上的不能继续进行架设。

12.2 Alignment and Fitting校准和调试

Each part of the structure shall be properly aligned before completing field

connections.

All members in completed frames shall be true to line and free from bends, twists and open joints. At assembly, all joints shall achieve face contact before full bolt torque is reached.

在完成场地连接前，结构的每一部分都应进行校准。

完成框架中的所有组件应呈直线并且没有弯曲，变形和开口的连接。装配时，在达到全螺栓扭矩前，所有连接应对面接触。

No packing, shimming, or wedging will be permitted to correct imperfect work, unless so directed by the Engineer.

调试螺栓和冲头不能用于组装不合格的组件，导致完工件上的螺栓产生张力。冲头不能在这样的力量驱使下导致相邻金属变形。

包裹，填充，或楔入不能用于修复有缺陷的部件，除了在工程师的指导下。

Damage caused by handling during erection shall be reported. Corrective

measures shall be completed as directed by the Engineer.

工厂加工的错误报告和相应的修改方法应提交受审。细小的错误可在工程师指导下通过铰除或细微的切割进行修正。

架设过程中的搬运导致的损伤应予以报告，在工程师的指导下完成正确的修改。 12.3 Metal Floor Decking金属地板盖板

Floor plate units shall be adjusted to final position and brought to proper bearing on the supporting members before being permanently fastened.

Floor plate units shall be fastened to supporting members by 20mm diameter plug welds spaced at a maximum of 300mm centres at intermediate supports and

200mm centres at end and side supports unless otherwise noted. There shall be a minimum of three welds at each side of each unit.

底板应调整至最终位置并且调整至于支撑件紧密接触再进行永久固定。

底板应用20mm塞焊缝间隔最大300mm中心在中间支承，200mm中心在末端和侧支承固定在支撑件上。每个每面至少有3个焊点。

12.4 Floor Grating格子地板

Grating sections shall be fastened using standard proprietary clips fixed using thread-cutting fasteners. Clips are to be installed to the Manufacturer’s

specification. Clips are to be installed at 500 nominal centres. A minimum of four

(4) fasteners are required per panel. Main bars and cross bars of adjacent

sections shall be in line.

格子地板和楼梯踏板应与图纸一致。格子板应按要求切割紧固适合设备穿透。所有这样的开口都应整齐的切边绑扎。

accordance with the Project Safety Management Plan.

如需要再次吊起格子板应获得工程师的许可。根据项目安全管理计划的要求应提供稳固的围隔。

12.5 Erection Tolerances安装公差

Erection tolerances shall be in accordance with AS 4100. Note however that

consideration must be given to the alignment of mechanical components and this may be more onerous than the requirements of AS4100.

Unless otherwise shown, runway beam and rail tolerances for overhead cranes shall not exceed those given in AS 1418.1.

安装公差应遵循AS 4100。注意一定要确保机械部件的校准，这比AS4100要求更为细致。

除另有规定，龙门吊车梁和轨道公差不能超过AS 1418.1中指定的。

12.6 Setting Base plates安装底板

Base plates shall be set and shimmed to correct positions and elevations shown

on the drawings and shall be subject to review after placing and plumbing and aligning the first lift. Errors shall be corrected before proceeding further.

底板应安装并调试到图纸上标注的正确位置和高度，接受安装检查，对第一次吊挂进行校准。并及时纠正错误。

13.0 HANDRAILS扶手

13.1 Fabrication and Erection制造和安装

Handrails shall conform to the requirements of AS 1657. Handrails shall be

‘Monowills’ type or similar approved and shall consist of stanchions, top rail, mid rail and kick plate unless otherwise shown on the drawings.

扶手应符合AS 1657的要求。扶手应为‘Monowills’式或其他合格样式，且包括支柱，顶栏杆，中栏杆，踢脚板。除非图纸另有规定。

All joints in handrailing shall be complete penetration butt welds. Welds

connecting handrailing to stanchions and stanchions to the supporting steelwork shall be 6mm fillets, unless otherwise detailed on the drawings.

The following general requirements for handrails shall apply unless noted

otherwise on the drawings:

应特别注意扶手在每一梯段上部和底部的走向。要求不必要弯曲的支柱偏移是不允许的。

扶手上的连接都应用全焊透对接焊。扶手焊接到支柱上，支柱到支架上应用6mm角焊缝。除非图纸另有说明。

下列为扶手的一般要求：

i) handrails shall be fabricated as detailed on the drawings and delivered to for bolting into place; 扶手应按图纸加工，其后进行栓接。

ii) rails shall be welded on to stanchions. Where rail connections between

stanchions cannot be avoided, an internal backing sleeve shall be used; 栏杆应焊接到支柱上。不能避免的栏杆和支柱的连接应使用内部衬垫套筒。

iii) kick plates shall be welded unless otherwise noted. Welds shall be a full seal weld; 蹴板应焊接。焊接应为全密封焊缝。

iv) generally stanchions shall be bolted to structures. Stanchions to dolphins

vi) where handrails are continuous at changes of direction, stanchions shall

not be located more than 500mm from the direction change. 扶手在方向转变处连续，支柱应位于方向转变处超过500mm处。

13.2 Surface Protection 表面保护

CHS top and mid rails on the wharf and access jetty shall also be galvanised internally.

根据标准SKM-STD-C-011“表面处理钢结构喷漆和镀锌”对扶手，支柱，踢脚板进行热浸镀锌和喷漆。

码头和防波堤上的CHS顶和中栏杆也要内部镀锌。

14.0 MODIFICATION TO STRUCTURAL STEELWORK钢结构的修改 14.1 General综述

No modification shall be made without the prior written approval of the Engineer. Such fabrication and sub-assembly as may be necessary shall conform to the requirements of this specification.

只有得到工程师许可才能进行修改。修改和部分组装应符合本标准要求。

14.2 Modifications and Corrections修改和更正

Procedures and methods for modifications and for corrections shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.

修改和更正的过程和方法应提交工程师。

14.3 Cutting切割

Site cutting shall be wherever possible by a mechanical process. Where flame cutting is necessary an allowance shall be left for grinding of ragged edges to ensure a smooth finish.

场地切割应用机械加工。若需要用火焰切割，应留有公差，用来打磨毛边，确保完成件光滑。

14.4 Holing钻孔

Holes for bolts shall be drilled. Burning of such holes will not be permitted.

螺栓孔应钻孔。火焰切割是不允许的。

方向偏离的孔的矫正可以用铰刀或提交工程师或将过分偏离的孔用塞焊缝填实，重新钻孔。

14.5 Finishing完成

在进行修补作业时，受影响区域应清洁干净，没有毛边，焊渣和飞溅，喷漆工作按照标准SKM-STD-C-011“表面处理钢结构喷漆和镀锌”进行。

15.0 GROUTING灌浆

15.1 Preparation准备工作

地脚螺栓所用的聚苯乙烯材料应使用d-Limonene产品或类似产品使其溶化。临时的垫片或楔形需要在灌浆凝固后取下的应在表面涂一层油脂以方便取下。

灌浆开始前，混凝土表面应布满水至少6个小时。灌浆前将多余的水从表面套筒等待灌浆部件上去除。

Grouting procedures shall ensure the placement of grout under the entire surface of the base or bearing plate avoids any possibility of air pockets or voids by sufficient compaction.

Grouting procedures shall be submitted for approval by the Engineer prior to the commencement of any grouting.

灌浆流程应确保整个基础表面下的和支承板表面下的灌浆位置，避免由于不充分的压实导致的气孔或孔洞。

灌浆流程应在作业开始前提交工程师。

15.2 Formwork模板

Adequate clearances shall be provided between formwork and structural

steelwork, to allow the proper placement of the grout.

模板应使用牢固的材料制成，牢固地安装固定，使其能够承受灌浆的压力。应用足够的水来防止泄露，如有需要进行捻缝凿密。

15.3 Grout水泥浆

The average compressive strength of the grout at 28 days, standard cured shall not be less than 70MPa, based on 50mm cubes prepared from grout of the same consistency at which it was placed.

28天的标准固化的水泥浆的平均抗压强度不低于70MPa。

15.4 Curing固化

Sources of vibration which may cause settlement, bleeding or bond failures shall be eliminated until the grout has set.

After the grout has sufficiently hardened, the grout shall be damp cured

At completion of the wet curing, all exposed grout shall be sealed by the

application of an approved curing compound.

振动源可能会引起沉降，渗出或粘着失败，应消除。

当水泥浆完全固化，应进行至少连续3天的潮湿固化。周围物品例如底板，与水泥浆直接接触，应包裹或用麻袋覆盖，保证整个固化阶段湿润。

完成潮湿固化后，所有暴露的水泥浆应用合格的固化剂密封。

16.0 CLEAN UP清洁

The Work and work-area shall be left clean and tidy on completion and all surplus materials and equipment removed from the Site.

工作完成后，工作区域应保持清洁，将多余材料和设备移除。

APPENDIX A 附录A

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS不锈钢紧固件

TESTING OF IMPORTED STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS进口不锈钢紧固件的测试

1.0 PURPOSE 目的

下列过程的目的是验证进口至澳大利亚的A4-50和A4-70不锈钢抗腐紧固件的合格度，采用PMI，硬度和拉伸试验方法。

2.0 SCOPE 范围

This scope covers testing on a statistical basis with the relevant Australian and ISO Standards for physical properties of all Stainless Steel Grade A4-50 & A4-70 Bolts, Nuts and Washers.

范围覆盖相关澳大利亚标准和ISO标准中的A4-50 & A4-70不锈钢螺栓螺母垫圈的物理性能的数据测试。

3.0 REFERENCES参考文献

AS1815.1 – 2002 Mechanical Materials – Rockwell Hardness Test (HRA)机械材料—洛氏硬度试验

AS1817.3 – 2003 Mechanical Materials – Vickers Hardness Test (HV10)机械材料—韦氏硬度试验

AS1391 – 2005 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing at Ambient金属材料—室温下拉伸测试

Temperature

ISO 3506 .1 & 2 Mechanical Properties of Corrosion Resistant Stainless

Steel Fasteners抗腐不锈钢紧固件机械性能

All other standards referenced in those listed here which are relevant to the dimensional, chemical and mechanical properties of stainless steel fasteners.

所有其他在这里列出的参考标准，是与不锈钢紧固件相关的尺寸，化学和机械性能的标准。

4.0 DEFINITIONS 定义

• definitions shall be as shown in the above referenced Standards;定义在上述参考标准中；

• PMI – Positive Material Identification via Spectrographic Chemical Analysis.PMI—阳性材料识别通过化学光谱分析。

5.0 PROCEDURE过程

5.1 Location位置

All testing shall be carried out in Australia by a NATA certified facility, or equivalent facility approved by the Engineer.

测试应在澳大利亚进行采用澳大利亚国家测试机构协会认证的设备，或经工程师许可的设备。

5.2 Frequency频率

For bolts, the frequency of hardness and tensile testing shall be one (1) bolt per 1000 per batch. Where smaller batch quantities (less than 1000) are involved, one

(1) unit per batch shall be tested. Where smaller quantities of different grades are involved (ie Gr A4-50, A4-70 etc), as one (1) unit per grade shall be tested.

Nuts, bolts and washers shall be PMI tested (via Spectrographic Chemical

Analysis) at a frequency of one unit per batch, regardless of the batch size.

螺栓来说，硬度和张力测试频率应为1000个中测一个。若一批少于1000个，一批测一个。相同数量不同等级的（A4-50, A4-70）一个等级测一个。

螺母螺栓垫片应用PMI测试（通过化学光谱分析）一批测一个，不考虑每一批的数量。

5.3 Traceability可追溯性

All bolts, nuts and washers shall be traceable to batch numbers by a suitable means of identification such as tagging or colour coding.

螺栓螺母垫片应能够采用合适的方法追溯批号，例如标签或色彩编码。

5.4 PMI, Hardness and Tensile Testing Requirements PMI，硬度，张力测试要求

5.4.1 Bolts螺栓

螺栓硬度测试应符合AS 1815.1 –2002 (Rockwell HRA) 和AS 1817.3 – 2003 (Vickers HV10)。测试在螺栓的螺柱面。

The bolt threaded end face shall be ground flat and three (3) Rockwell (HRA) tests conducted at the mid-radius position at 120 degree intervals.

Using the same bolt, conduct three (3) Vickers (HV10) tests also at the mid-radius position at 120 degree intervals between the sites of the Rockwell tests.

The bolt shall then be tensile tested, recording the following data:

螺柱面应打磨平整，在中半径位置间隔120度进行洛氏硬度测试。

用相同的螺栓，进行3次韦氏测试，同样在中半径位置间隔120度进行，在洛氏硬度测试点之间。

• yield (0.2% PS 和0.5% PS);屈服度

• tensile strength;抗拉强度

• percentage elongation;伸长率

• percentage reduction of area.面积收缩率

The Rockwell and Vickers hardness test results should also be recorded for each bolt.每个螺栓的两种测试结果都应记录。

5.4.2 Nuts螺母

Nuts shall be subject to PMI and Proof Load testing. Proof load testing shall be carried out at the same frequencies as bolts (as shown at 5.2).

螺母应进行PMI和荷载试验。荷载试验的频率与螺栓一样。（参见5.2）

5.4.3 Washers垫圈

Washers shall be subject to PMI testing only.垫圈只用PMI测试。

5.5 Compliance符合性

采用上述方法，若发现化学成分或硬度和张力值不合标准，整批（采样来源）应被拒绝，物理鉴定，检疫都不能使用。

5.6 Abstract摘要

The intent of this testing regime is to establish accurate, reliable data showing unit

compliance from known suppliers and manufacturers without ongoing high levels of tensile testing.

这个测试制度的目的是要建立准确，可靠的数据显示单位没有持续的高水平的知名供应商和制造商的履约拉伸试验。

Once a level of confidence has been established via these quality control

APPENDIX B 附录B

STRUCTURAL GRADE CARBON STEEL FASTENERS

TESTING OF IMPORTED STRUCTURAL GRADE FASTENERS

碳钢紧固件结构等级

进口结构级紧固件的测试

1.0 PURPOSE 目的

The purpose of the following testing methodology is to verify compliance on a statistical basis with the relevant Australian and ISO Standards for physical

properties of Structural Grade Fasteners imported into Australia.

下列过程的目的是验证进口至澳大利亚的结构紧固件的合格度，采用PMI，硬度和拉伸试验方法。

2.0 SCOPE范围

This scope covers all Structural Grade Bolts, Nuts and Washers.

包括所有结构等级螺栓螺母垫片。

3.0 REFERENCES参考文献

AS 1252 – 1996 High-Strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering.

AS 4291.1 – 2000 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel. Part 1: Bolts Screws and Studs.

AS 4291.2 – 1995 Mechanical properties of fasteners. Part 2: Nuts with

Specified Proof Load Values – Coarse Thread.

AS1815.1 – 2002 Metallic materials – Rockwell Hardness Test.

AS1817.3 – 2003 Metallic materials – Vickers Hardness Test.

Australia.

4.0 DEFINITIONS定义

Definitions shall be as shown in AS 1252.如AS 1252所示。

5.0 PROCEDURE过程

5.1 Location地点

All testing shall be carried out in Australia by a NATA certified facility, or equivalent facility approved by the Engineer.

测试应在澳大利亚进行采用澳大利亚国家测试机构协会认证的设备，或经工程师许可的设备。

5.2 Frequency频率

The frequency of testing shall be one (1) per 1000 units per batch for nuts,

螺栓来说，测试频率应为1000个中测一个。若一批少于1000个，一批测一个。相同数量不同等级的（ie Gr 8.8, Gr 10.9, Gr 12.9）一个等级测一个。

5.3 Traceability追溯性

All bolts, nuts and washers shall be traceable to batch numbers by a suitable means of identification such as tagging or colour coding.

螺栓螺母垫片应能够采用合适的方法追溯批号，例如标签或色彩编码。

5.4 Hardness Testing硬度测试

5.4.1 Bolts螺栓

Hardness testing in accordance with AS 4291.1 is acceptable in lieu of tensile

testing only when testing is conducted on a flat machined surface at the mid-radius position of the shank, one diameter back from the threaded end of the bolt.

5.4.2 Nuts螺母

Hardness testing using the Rockwell scale in accordance with AS 4291.2 Section

8.2 is acceptable except where inconsistencies are found in which case the Vickers method shall be the referee test.

硬度测试，按照罗克韦尔规模4291.2第8.2在这种情况下，发现不一致的，除非是可以接受的维克斯方法应裁判的测试。

5.4.3 Washers垫圈

硬度测试上的洗衣机按照使用罗克韦尔规模持平AS1252 - 1996年第4节是可以接受的，除了在不一致的情况发现维克斯方法，在这种情况下，应裁判的考验。

5.5 Compliance符合性

All imported structural grade fasteners shall meet the requirements of AS 1252- 1996.

5.6 Abstract概要

The intent of the above testing regime is to establish accurate, reliable data

钢结构制造安装标准

相关文章