注意事项：1．本试卷共六道大题（共计55小题），满分(150)分；
2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草稿纸上均无效。要
注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；
3．必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它笔答题均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ I. Vocabulary and Structure (共20 分, 每小题1分)
Directions: Fill in the following blanks by choosing A, B, C or D. There is only ONE answer for each blank, write the letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. The tulip grower owns a house in Iceland, 50-acre vineyard in France and two luxury _____ moored at a harbour in Spain.
A. yachts B. woodpeckers C. visas D. steeds
2. It’s better to be happy with what you have got than to be always ______ towards something you can’t have.
A. wringing B. wrestling C. zooming D. yearning
3. I give you my ______ that I’ll never mention the matter again.
A. utterance B. word C. underwriter D. latent
4. Wheat, rice, corn, and oats are ______.
A. pancakes B. pickles C. cereals D. luncheons
5. Neither the monk nor the nuns were utterly _______ witnesses because they had not seen the accident themselves.
A. dogmatic B. credible C. serial D. open-minded
6. The tradesman was arrested after being discovered with packets of cocaine sewn into the ______ of his cap.
A. timing B. telexing C. typewriting D. lining
7. Rather than enhancing a country’s security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country’s ______.
A. vulnerability B. boldness C. responsibility D. influence
8. She was on _______ for a long time after her husband passed away.
A. tumour B. twilight C. twig D. tranquilizer
9. He dropped a _______ on us on the first of March when he told us that we were bankrupt.
A. warship B. fireplace C. thunderbolt D. poppy
10. All of the following are nice food except the ________.
A. muffin B. pudding C. pineapple D. sweetheart
11. A ______ is the office or people responsible for the management of an organization, particularly an international or political one, such as the United Nations.
A. showcase B. signpost C. secretariat D. lookout
12. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom was received with all the traditional ______ and ceremony that is laid on for visiting heads of government.
A. pomp B. sunflower C. sunlight D. fever
13. The bees carry the _______ from one flower to another.
A. honeymoon B. pollen C. petal D. pier
14. The _______ is usually put on top of the postage stamp so that the stamp cannot be used more than once.
A. post-office B. personage C. postmark D. prose
15. An investigation that is _______ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction.
A. uncomplicated B. subjective C. unguided D. timely
16. The _______ stretches as far as the eye can see.
A. portfolio B. prairie C. earthworm D. electrode
17. The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly _______, most frequently by human intervention.
A. disturbed B. celebrated C. questioned D. observed
18. In that war thousands and thousands of people were put to the _______.
A. yearbook B. sword C. walnut D. witch
19. Do you see _______ cloud that is almost in the shape of a clown?
A. audio B. dwarf C. weighty D. yonder
20. In Britain, judges wear white _______ in court.
A. wigs B. willows C. widower D. whirlwind
II. Reading Comprehension ( 共40分 )
Part One (共10分, 每小题1分)
Directions: Read the following passage and write T for True if the statement is true, F for False if the statement is not true based on the passage you have read. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Dreams have always held a universal fascination. Some primitive societies believe that the soul leaves the body and visits the scene of the dream. Generally, however, dreams are accepted to be illusions, having much in common with day-dreams — the fantasies of our waking life. When dreaming, however, one tends to believe fully in the reality of the dream world, however inconsistent, illogical and odd it may be.
Although most dreams apparently happen spontaneously, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.‘Suffocation’dreams are connected with the breathing difficulties of a heavy cold, for instance. Internal disorders such as indigestion can cause vivid dreams, and dreams of racing
fire-engines may be caused by the ringing of an alarm bell.
Experiments have been carried out to investigate the connection between deliberately inflicted pain and dreaming. For example, a sleeper pricked with a pin perhaps dreams of fighting a battle and receiving a severe sword wound. Although the dream is stimulated by the physical discomfort, the actual events of the dream depend on the associations of the discomfort in the mind of the sleeper.
A dreamer’s eyes often move rapidly from side to side. Since people born blind do not dream visually and do not manifest this eye activity, it is thought that the dreamer may be scanning the scene depicted in his dream. A certain amount of dreaming seems to be a human requirement — if a sleeper is roused every time his eyes begin to move fast, effectively depriving him of his dreams, he will make more eye movements the following night.
People differ greatly in their claims to dreaming. Some say they dream every night, others only very occasionally. Individual differences probably exist, but some people immediately forget dreams and others have good recall.
Superstition and magical practices thrive on the supposed power of dreams to foretell the future. Instances of dreams which have later turned out to be prophetic have often been recorded, some by men of the highest intellectual integrity. Although it is better to keep an open mind on the subject, it is true that the alleged power of dreams to predict future events still remains unproved.
Everyone knows that a sleeping dog often behaves as though he were dreaming, but it is impossible to tell what his whines and twitches really mean. By analogy with human experience, however, it is reasonable to suppose that at least the higher animals are capable of dreaming. Of the many theories of dreams, Freud’s is probably the best known. According to Freud, we revert in our dreams to the modes of thought characteristic of early childhood. Our thinking becomes concrete, pictorial, and non-logical, and expresses ideas and wishes we are no longer conscious of. Dreams are absurd and unaccountable because our conscious mind, not willing to acknowledge our subconscious ideas, disguises them. Some of Freud’s interpretations are extremely fanciful, but there is almost certainly some truth in his view that dreams express the subconscious mind.
21.____ A sleeper pricked with a pin may dream that he has been stabbed.
22.____ Sighted people and those who have never been able to see dream in exactly the same way.
23.____ There is plenty of proof available that dreams foretell the future.
24.____ Dreams in sleep are quite different from day-dreams.
25.____ Dreams may be caused by an upset stomach.
26.____ Dreaming is probably unnecessary.
27.____ Everyone knows that dogs dream just like human beings.
28.____ Because human beings dream, so may the more intelligent animals.
29.____ Dreams are not easy to interpret because the original thoughts and ideas are disguised.
30.____ It is almost certainly true that dreams express the subconscious mind.
Part Two (共30分, 每小题2分)
Directions: Read the following passages and choose A, B, C or D for the correct answer for each question. There is only ONE answer for each question, write the letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years’ time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.
When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. ( Well, she had written to “other quality newspapers”, too. ) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn’t file copy on time; some who did sent too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls.
There remains the dinner-party game of who’s in, who’s out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy ( the author of Christie’s entry in Missing Persons ) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy ( he had tried to escape by ship to America).
It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.
Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: “Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility.” Then there had to be more women, too ( 12 per cent, against the original DBN’s 3 ), such as Roy Strong’s subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: “Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too
small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory.” It doesn’t seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed ( such as Merlin ) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits a shamefaced footnote, “except for the entry in the List of contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke.”
31. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ________.
A. because it is not worth the price
B. because it has fewer entries than before
C. unless one has all the volumes in his collection
D. unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly
32. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ________.
A. the editors had clear rules to follow
B. there were too many criminals in the entries
C. the editors clearly favored benefactors
D. the editors were irrational in their choices
33. Crippen was absent from the DNB ________.
A. because he escaped to the U.S.
B. because death sentence had been abolished
C. for reasons not clarified
D. because of the editors’ mistake
34. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ________.
A. illustrate some features of the DNB
B. give emphasis to his argument
C. impress the reader with its content
D. highlight the people in the Middle Ages
35. Throughout the passage, the writer’s tone towards the DNB was ________.
A. complimentary B. supportive C. sarcastic D. bitter
Passage Two
When literary periods are defined on the basis of men’s writing, women’s writing must be forcibly assimilated into an irrelevant grid: a Renaissance that is not a Renaissance for women, a Romantic period in which women played very little part, a Modernism with which women conflict. Simultaneously, the history of women’s writing has been suppressed, leaving large, mysterious gaps in accounts of the development of various genres. Feminist criticism is beginning to correct this situation. Margaret Anne Doody, for example, suggests that during “the period between the death of Richardson and the appearance of the novels of Scott and Austen,” which has “been regarded as dead period.” Late-eighteenth-century women writers actually developed “the paradigm for women’s fiction of the
nineteenth century — something hardly less than the paradigm of the nineteenth-century novel itself.” Feminist critics have also pointed out that the twentieth-century writer Virginia Woolf belonged to a tradition other than modernism and that this tradition surfaces in her work precisely where criticism has hitherto found obscurities, evasions, implausibilities, and imperfections.
36. It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the division of literature into periods based on men’s writing as an approach that _______.
A. makes distinctions among literary periods ambiguous
B. was misunderstood until the advent of feminist criticism
C. provides a valuable basis from which feminist criticism has evolved
D. obscures women’s contributions to literature
37. The passage suggests which of the following about Virginia Woolf’s work?
I. Nonfeminist criticism of it has been flawed.
II. Critics have treated it as part of modernism.
III. It is based on the work of late-eighteenth century women writers.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
38. The author quotes Doody most probably in order to illustrate _______.
A. a contribution that feminist criticism can make to literary criticism
B. a modernist approach that conflicts with women’s writing
C. writing by a woman which had previously been ignored
D. the hitherto overlooked significance of Scott’s and Austen’s novels
39. The passage provides information that answers which of the following questions?
A. In what tradition do feminist critics usually place Virginia Woolf?
B. What are the main themes of women’s fiction of the nineteenth century?
C. What events motivated the feminist reinterpretation of literary history?
D. How has the period between Richardson’s death and Scott’s and Austen’s novels traditionally
been regarded by critics?
Passage Three
Investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have always been struck by monkeys’ aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys’ social behavior.
Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment; hungry monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, and time more than one monkey in a group
sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intragroup aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.
Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.
These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced into a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.
40. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______.
A. advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior
B. comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys
C. explaining the reasons for researchers’ interest in monkeys’ social behavior
D. discussing the development of investigators’ theories about aggression among monkeys
41. Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the passage about the effect of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?
A. Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.
B. Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli
for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.
C. Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting,
but it produces only temporary increases among monkeys in the wild
D. Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a
decrease in conflict.
42. According to the author, studies such as Southwick’s had which of the following effects on investigators’ theories about monkeys’ social behavior?
A. They confirmed investigators’ theories about monkeys’ aggressive response to competition for
food and water.
B. They cast doubt on investigators’ theories that could account for observed patterns of
aggression among monkeys.
C. They disproved investigators’ theory that the introduction of intruders in an organized monkey
group elicits intragroup aggressive behavior.
D.They confirmed investigators’ beliefs about the motivation for continued aggression among
monkeys in the same social group.
43.The passage suggests that investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because________.
A. aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys
B. most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function
without control of their aggressive impulses
C. situations that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory
D. successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group
44. It can be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkeys is essential in order to ________.
A. keep the monkeys from straying and joining in other groups
B. control aggressive behavior among group members
C. protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attack
D. prevent the domination of that group by another
45. Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?
A. A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.
B. A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.
C. Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.
D. Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.
III. Cloze (共10分, 每小题1分)
Directions: Read the following passage and try to fill in each of the numbered spaces with ONE
suitable word. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Emotional Intelligence Test
For decades, a lot of emphasis has been put on the certain aspects of intelligence, such as logical reasoning, math skills, spatial skills, understanding analogies, verbal skills, etc. Researchers were __46__ by the fact that while IQ could predict __47__ a significant degree the academic performance and, to some degree, professional and personal success, there was something missing in the equation. Some of those with __48__IQ scores were doing poorly in life; one could say that they were wasting their talent by thinking, behaving and communicating in a way that __49__their chances to succeed. One of the major missing parts in the success equation is emotional intelligence, a __50__ made popular by the groundbreaking book by Daniel Goleman, __51__ is based on years of research by numerous scientists, such as Peter Salovey, John Meyer, Howard Gardener, Robert Sternberg and Jack Block, just to name a few. __52__ various reasons and thanks to a wide range of abilities, people with __53__ emotional intelligence tend to be more successful in life than those with lower EIQ even if their classical IQ is average. The test that you are about to take will evaluate several __54__ of your emotional intelligence and will suggest ways to improve it. Please, be honest and answer according to what you really do, feel or think, rather than what you think is considered __55__in this test. Nobody is there to judge you, just yourself, and besides, there are many trick questions.
IV. 古汉语翻译 ( 共10分)
阅读下文，请把划线部分郭隗对燕昭王讲述的“千金买骨”的故事译成现代汉语,并将译文写在答题纸上。
燕昭王求士（节选）
《战国策》
„„郭隗先生对曰：“„„王诚博选国中之贤者，而朝其门下，天下闻王朝其贤臣，天下之士，必趋于燕矣。”（燕）昭王曰：“寡人将谁朝而可？” 郭隗先生曰：“臣闻古人君人，有以千金求千里马者，三年不能得。涓人言于君曰：‘请求之’。君遣之，三月得千里马；马已死，买其骨五百金，反以报君。君大怒曰：‘所求者生马，安事死马？而捐五百金！’涓人对曰：‘死马且买之五百金，况生马乎？天下必以王为能市马。马今至矣！’于是不能期年，千里之马至者三。今王诚欲致士，先从隗始。隗且见事，况贤于隗者乎？岂远千里哉！”
于是燕昭王为隗筑宫而师之。乐毅自魏往，邹衍自齐往，剧辛自赵往，士争凑燕。
V．Translation ( 共30分 )
Part One ( 15分)
Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Soccer’s Wild World Cup Scramble
On a summer day in 1966, Madrid became a silent ghost town. Why?
It was a typical summer day in 1966, and Madrid was throbbing with activity. Then, suddenly, this city of more than two million fell silent. Cars pulled to the side of the road, pedestrians left the streets and a tension grew, so real that you could feel it.
For 90 minutes Madrid remained a silent ghost town, listening to radio and television reports of the World Cup soccer game being played in Birmingham, England, between Spain and West Germany. At half-time the score was 1-1, and Madrid began to pray. In the second half Spain had three good chances to score but missed. Then, in the game’s 84th minute, West Germany booted home a goal. I shall never forget what happened next. Spaniards around me began to weep. One knelt in the street and prayed; another stood on tiptoe for the remaining six minutes of the game, as if by so doing he would help Spain tie the score.
In vain. The whistle blew, and Spain was eliminated from the World Cup competition. Spaniards everywhere swore, snarled at their wives and stated , “This nation is finished.”
What I saw that day in Madrid was tame compared to what happened in Italy and Brazil when their two favored teams were shamefully defeated in early rounds. The Italian team, beaten by unknowns from North Korea, fearfully sneaked home to Italy by unscheduled plane at 1 a.m. Bitter fans, however, had expected a trick and were on hand to pelt them with tomatoes. “You have shamed Italy!” the crowd roared. In Brazil, fans went into mourning, and some even tried to take their own lives. The government stepped in to find out why their champions had collapsed.
Part Two ( 15分)
Directions：Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
一个美国教育家说外国的教育是因材施教。 比如兔子天生跑得好，就猛培养兔子跑步，鸭子天生游泳好，就让鸭子只修游泳课，结果两个动物分别成了跑步和游泳能手，而且他们都活得很自信快乐。
可中国的教育不一样，本来兔子天生跑步好，偏跟兔子说，你跑步的成绩不错，不用再练了，但你游泳太差了，一定要加紧练习。对鸭子也一样，说游泳可以暂时不要再用太多的时间，你要抓紧一切时间，好好练练你的跑步，因为你跑步的成绩太差了。
这样兔子和鸭子在自己不擅长的领域里拼命地努力，放弃了娱乐，放弃了休息，拼命地练
2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
试题编号：606 试题名称：基础英语、汉语
习，结果越练他们的心情越坏，越练他们的自信越小，这种生活让他们在校期间痛苦无比。毕业以后，又都成了社会上的失败者。
VI. Writing ( 共40分)
Part One ( 20分)
Directions：Please write a composition in 300—400 words on the following topic. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
Western Festivals vs. Chinese Festivals
Part Two ( 20分)
请根据下面的题目写一篇字数在1000字左右的中文文章，将文章写在答题纸上。
我的英语求学之路
第11页（共11页）
注意事项：1．本试卷共六道大题（共计55小题），满分(150)分；
2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草稿纸上均无效。要
注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；
3．必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它笔答题均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ I. Vocabulary and Structure (共20 分, 每小题1分)
Directions: Fill in the following blanks by choosing A, B, C or D. There is only ONE answer for each blank, write the letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. The tulip grower owns a house in Iceland, 50-acre vineyard in France and two luxury _____ moored at a harbour in Spain.
A. yachts B. woodpeckers C. visas D. steeds
2. It’s better to be happy with what you have got than to be always ______ towards something you can’t have.
A. wringing B. wrestling C. zooming D. yearning
3. I give you my ______ that I’ll never mention the matter again.
A. utterance B. word C. underwriter D. latent
4. Wheat, rice, corn, and oats are ______.
A. pancakes B. pickles C. cereals D. luncheons
5. Neither the monk nor the nuns were utterly _______ witnesses because they had not seen the accident themselves.
A. dogmatic B. credible C. serial D. open-minded
6. The tradesman was arrested after being discovered with packets of cocaine sewn into the ______ of his cap.
A. timing B. telexing C. typewriting D. lining
7. Rather than enhancing a country’s security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country’s ______.
A. vulnerability B. boldness C. responsibility D. influence
8. She was on _______ for a long time after her husband passed away.
A. tumour B. twilight C. twig D. tranquilizer
9. He dropped a _______ on us on the first of March when he told us that we were bankrupt.
A. warship B. fireplace C. thunderbolt D. poppy
10. All of the following are nice food except the ________.
A. muffin B. pudding C. pineapple D. sweetheart
11. A ______ is the office or people responsible for the management of an organization, particularly an international or political one, such as the United Nations.
A. showcase B. signpost C. secretariat D. lookout
12. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom was received with all the traditional ______ and ceremony that is laid on for visiting heads of government.
A. pomp B. sunflower C. sunlight D. fever
13. The bees carry the _______ from one flower to another.
A. honeymoon B. pollen C. petal D. pier
14. The _______ is usually put on top of the postage stamp so that the stamp cannot be used more than once.
A. post-office B. personage C. postmark D. prose
15. An investigation that is _______ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction.
A. uncomplicated B. subjective C. unguided D. timely
16. The _______ stretches as far as the eye can see.
A. portfolio B. prairie C. earthworm D. electrode
17. The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly _______, most frequently by human intervention.
A. disturbed B. celebrated C. questioned D. observed
18. In that war thousands and thousands of people were put to the _______.
A. yearbook B. sword C. walnut D. witch
19. Do you see _______ cloud that is almost in the shape of a clown?
A. audio B. dwarf C. weighty D. yonder
20. In Britain, judges wear white _______ in court.
A. wigs B. willows C. widower D. whirlwind
II. Reading Comprehension ( 共40分 )
Part One (共10分, 每小题1分)
Directions: Read the following passage and write T for True if the statement is true, F for False if the statement is not true based on the passage you have read. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Dreams have always held a universal fascination. Some primitive societies believe that the soul leaves the body and visits the scene of the dream. Generally, however, dreams are accepted to be illusions, having much in common with day-dreams — the fantasies of our waking life. When dreaming, however, one tends to believe fully in the reality of the dream world, however inconsistent, illogical and odd it may be.
Although most dreams apparently happen spontaneously, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.‘Suffocation’dreams are connected with the breathing difficulties of a heavy cold, for instance. Internal disorders such as indigestion can cause vivid dreams, and dreams of racing
fire-engines may be caused by the ringing of an alarm bell.
Experiments have been carried out to investigate the connection between deliberately inflicted pain and dreaming. For example, a sleeper pricked with a pin perhaps dreams of fighting a battle and receiving a severe sword wound. Although the dream is stimulated by the physical discomfort, the actual events of the dream depend on the associations of the discomfort in the mind of the sleeper.
A dreamer’s eyes often move rapidly from side to side. Since people born blind do not dream visually and do not manifest this eye activity, it is thought that the dreamer may be scanning the scene depicted in his dream. A certain amount of dreaming seems to be a human requirement — if a sleeper is roused every time his eyes begin to move fast, effectively depriving him of his dreams, he will make more eye movements the following night.
People differ greatly in their claims to dreaming. Some say they dream every night, others only very occasionally. Individual differences probably exist, but some people immediately forget dreams and others have good recall.
Superstition and magical practices thrive on the supposed power of dreams to foretell the future. Instances of dreams which have later turned out to be prophetic have often been recorded, some by men of the highest intellectual integrity. Although it is better to keep an open mind on the subject, it is true that the alleged power of dreams to predict future events still remains unproved.
Everyone knows that a sleeping dog often behaves as though he were dreaming, but it is impossible to tell what his whines and twitches really mean. By analogy with human experience, however, it is reasonable to suppose that at least the higher animals are capable of dreaming. Of the many theories of dreams, Freud’s is probably the best known. According to Freud, we revert in our dreams to the modes of thought characteristic of early childhood. Our thinking becomes concrete, pictorial, and non-logical, and expresses ideas and wishes we are no longer conscious of. Dreams are absurd and unaccountable because our conscious mind, not willing to acknowledge our subconscious ideas, disguises them. Some of Freud’s interpretations are extremely fanciful, but there is almost certainly some truth in his view that dreams express the subconscious mind.
21.____ A sleeper pricked with a pin may dream that he has been stabbed.
22.____ Sighted people and those who have never been able to see dream in exactly the same way.
23.____ There is plenty of proof available that dreams foretell the future.
24.____ Dreams in sleep are quite different from day-dreams.
25.____ Dreams may be caused by an upset stomach.
26.____ Dreaming is probably unnecessary.
27.____ Everyone knows that dogs dream just like human beings.
28.____ Because human beings dream, so may the more intelligent animals.
29.____ Dreams are not easy to interpret because the original thoughts and ideas are disguised.
30.____ It is almost certainly true that dreams express the subconscious mind.
Part Two (共30分, 每小题2分)
Directions: Read the following passages and choose A, B, C or D for the correct answer for each question. There is only ONE answer for each question, write the letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years’ time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.
When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. ( Well, she had written to “other quality newspapers”, too. ) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn’t file copy on time; some who did sent too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls.
There remains the dinner-party game of who’s in, who’s out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy ( the author of Christie’s entry in Missing Persons ) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy ( he had tried to escape by ship to America).
It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.
Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: “Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility.” Then there had to be more women, too ( 12 per cent, against the original DBN’s 3 ), such as Roy Strong’s subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: “Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too
small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory.” It doesn’t seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed ( such as Merlin ) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits a shamefaced footnote, “except for the entry in the List of contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke.”
31. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ________.
A. because it is not worth the price
B. because it has fewer entries than before
C. unless one has all the volumes in his collection
D. unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly
32. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ________.
A. the editors had clear rules to follow
B. there were too many criminals in the entries
C. the editors clearly favored benefactors
D. the editors were irrational in their choices
33. Crippen was absent from the DNB ________.
A. because he escaped to the U.S.
B. because death sentence had been abolished
C. for reasons not clarified
D. because of the editors’ mistake
34. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ________.
A. illustrate some features of the DNB
B. give emphasis to his argument
C. impress the reader with its content
D. highlight the people in the Middle Ages
35. Throughout the passage, the writer’s tone towards the DNB was ________.
A. complimentary B. supportive C. sarcastic D. bitter
Passage Two
When literary periods are defined on the basis of men’s writing, women’s writing must be forcibly assimilated into an irrelevant grid: a Renaissance that is not a Renaissance for women, a Romantic period in which women played very little part, a Modernism with which women conflict. Simultaneously, the history of women’s writing has been suppressed, leaving large, mysterious gaps in accounts of the development of various genres. Feminist criticism is beginning to correct this situation. Margaret Anne Doody, for example, suggests that during “the period between the death of Richardson and the appearance of the novels of Scott and Austen,” which has “been regarded as dead period.” Late-eighteenth-century women writers actually developed “the paradigm for women’s fiction of the
nineteenth century — something hardly less than the paradigm of the nineteenth-century novel itself.” Feminist critics have also pointed out that the twentieth-century writer Virginia Woolf belonged to a tradition other than modernism and that this tradition surfaces in her work precisely where criticism has hitherto found obscurities, evasions, implausibilities, and imperfections.
36. It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the division of literature into periods based on men’s writing as an approach that _______.
A. makes distinctions among literary periods ambiguous
B. was misunderstood until the advent of feminist criticism
C. provides a valuable basis from which feminist criticism has evolved
D. obscures women’s contributions to literature
37. The passage suggests which of the following about Virginia Woolf’s work?
I. Nonfeminist criticism of it has been flawed.
II. Critics have treated it as part of modernism.
III. It is based on the work of late-eighteenth century women writers.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
38. The author quotes Doody most probably in order to illustrate _______.
A. a contribution that feminist criticism can make to literary criticism
B. a modernist approach that conflicts with women’s writing
C. writing by a woman which had previously been ignored
D. the hitherto overlooked significance of Scott’s and Austen’s novels
39. The passage provides information that answers which of the following questions?
A. In what tradition do feminist critics usually place Virginia Woolf?
B. What are the main themes of women’s fiction of the nineteenth century?
C. What events motivated the feminist reinterpretation of literary history?
D. How has the period between Richardson’s death and Scott’s and Austen’s novels traditionally
been regarded by critics?
Passage Three
Investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have always been struck by monkeys’ aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys’ social behavior.
Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment; hungry monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, and time more than one monkey in a group
sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intragroup aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.
Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.
These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced into a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.
40. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______.
A. advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior
B. comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys
C. explaining the reasons for researchers’ interest in monkeys’ social behavior
D. discussing the development of investigators’ theories about aggression among monkeys
41. Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the passage about the effect of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?
A. Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.
B. Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli
for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.
C. Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting,
but it produces only temporary increases among monkeys in the wild
D. Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a
decrease in conflict.
42. According to the author, studies such as Southwick’s had which of the following effects on investigators’ theories about monkeys’ social behavior?
A. They confirmed investigators’ theories about monkeys’ aggressive response to competition for
food and water.
B. They cast doubt on investigators’ theories that could account for observed patterns of
aggression among monkeys.
C. They disproved investigators’ theory that the introduction of intruders in an organized monkey
group elicits intragroup aggressive behavior.
D.They confirmed investigators’ beliefs about the motivation for continued aggression among
monkeys in the same social group.
43.The passage suggests that investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because________.
A. aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys
B. most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function
without control of their aggressive impulses
C. situations that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory
D. successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group
44. It can be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkeys is essential in order to ________.
A. keep the monkeys from straying and joining in other groups
B. control aggressive behavior among group members
C. protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attack
D. prevent the domination of that group by another
45. Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?
A. A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.
B. A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.
C. Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.
D. Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.
III. Cloze (共10分, 每小题1分)
Directions: Read the following passage and try to fill in each of the numbered spaces with ONE
suitable word. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Emotional Intelligence Test
For decades, a lot of emphasis has been put on the certain aspects of intelligence, such as logical reasoning, math skills, spatial skills, understanding analogies, verbal skills, etc. Researchers were __46__ by the fact that while IQ could predict __47__ a significant degree the academic performance and, to some degree, professional and personal success, there was something missing in the equation. Some of those with __48__IQ scores were doing poorly in life; one could say that they were wasting their talent by thinking, behaving and communicating in a way that __49__their chances to succeed. One of the major missing parts in the success equation is emotional intelligence, a __50__ made popular by the groundbreaking book by Daniel Goleman, __51__ is based on years of research by numerous scientists, such as Peter Salovey, John Meyer, Howard Gardener, Robert Sternberg and Jack Block, just to name a few. __52__ various reasons and thanks to a wide range of abilities, people with __53__ emotional intelligence tend to be more successful in life than those with lower EIQ even if their classical IQ is average. The test that you are about to take will evaluate several __54__ of your emotional intelligence and will suggest ways to improve it. Please, be honest and answer according to what you really do, feel or think, rather than what you think is considered __55__in this test. Nobody is there to judge you, just yourself, and besides, there are many trick questions.
IV. 古汉语翻译 ( 共10分)
阅读下文，请把划线部分郭隗对燕昭王讲述的“千金买骨”的故事译成现代汉语,并将译文写在答题纸上。
燕昭王求士（节选）
《战国策》
„„郭隗先生对曰：“„„王诚博选国中之贤者，而朝其门下，天下闻王朝其贤臣，天下之士，必趋于燕矣。”（燕）昭王曰：“寡人将谁朝而可？” 郭隗先生曰：“臣闻古人君人，有以千金求千里马者，三年不能得。涓人言于君曰：‘请求之’。君遣之，三月得千里马；马已死，买其骨五百金，反以报君。君大怒曰：‘所求者生马，安事死马？而捐五百金！’涓人对曰：‘死马且买之五百金，况生马乎？天下必以王为能市马。马今至矣！’于是不能期年，千里之马至者三。今王诚欲致士，先从隗始。隗且见事，况贤于隗者乎？岂远千里哉！”
于是燕昭王为隗筑宫而师之。乐毅自魏往，邹衍自齐往，剧辛自赵往，士争凑燕。
V．Translation ( 共30分 )
Part One ( 15分)
Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Soccer’s Wild World Cup Scramble
On a summer day in 1966, Madrid became a silent ghost town. Why?
It was a typical summer day in 1966, and Madrid was throbbing with activity. Then, suddenly, this city of more than two million fell silent. Cars pulled to the side of the road, pedestrians left the streets and a tension grew, so real that you could feel it.
For 90 minutes Madrid remained a silent ghost town, listening to radio and television reports of the World Cup soccer game being played in Birmingham, England, between Spain and West Germany. At half-time the score was 1-1, and Madrid began to pray. In the second half Spain had three good chances to score but missed. Then, in the game’s 84th minute, West Germany booted home a goal. I shall never forget what happened next. Spaniards around me began to weep. One knelt in the street and prayed; another stood on tiptoe for the remaining six minutes of the game, as if by so doing he would help Spain tie the score.
In vain. The whistle blew, and Spain was eliminated from the World Cup competition. Spaniards everywhere swore, snarled at their wives and stated , “This nation is finished.”
What I saw that day in Madrid was tame compared to what happened in Italy and Brazil when their two favored teams were shamefully defeated in early rounds. The Italian team, beaten by unknowns from North Korea, fearfully sneaked home to Italy by unscheduled plane at 1 a.m. Bitter fans, however, had expected a trick and were on hand to pelt them with tomatoes. “You have shamed Italy!” the crowd roared. In Brazil, fans went into mourning, and some even tried to take their own lives. The government stepped in to find out why their champions had collapsed.
Part Two ( 15分)
Directions：Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
一个美国教育家说外国的教育是因材施教。 比如兔子天生跑得好，就猛培养兔子跑步，鸭子天生游泳好，就让鸭子只修游泳课，结果两个动物分别成了跑步和游泳能手，而且他们都活得很自信快乐。
可中国的教育不一样，本来兔子天生跑步好，偏跟兔子说，你跑步的成绩不错，不用再练了，但你游泳太差了，一定要加紧练习。对鸭子也一样，说游泳可以暂时不要再用太多的时间，你要抓紧一切时间，好好练练你的跑步，因为你跑步的成绩太差了。
这样兔子和鸭子在自己不擅长的领域里拼命地努力，放弃了娱乐，放弃了休息，拼命地练
2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
试题编号：606 试题名称：基础英语、汉语
习，结果越练他们的心情越坏，越练他们的自信越小，这种生活让他们在校期间痛苦无比。毕业以后，又都成了社会上的失败者。
VI. Writing ( 共40分)
Part One ( 20分)
Directions：Please write a composition in 300—400 words on the following topic. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
Western Festivals vs. Chinese Festivals
Part Two ( 20分)
请根据下面的题目写一篇字数在1000字左右的中文文章，将文章写在答题纸上。
我的英语求学之路
第11页（共11页）