仁爱英语八年级上册语法讲解与练习
初中英语一般将来时习题
用法：
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的表达形式共有五种，现归纳如下：
一、用will 或shall 表示。“助动词will 或shall ＋动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will 用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall 。如：
二、用be going to结构表示。“be going to＋动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。如：
We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。
三、用现在进行时表示。表示位置转移的动词（如：go ，come ，start ，move ，sail ，leave ，arrive ，stay ，fly, 等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如：
They're leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 一、选择填空:
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( ) 3. He _____ very busy this week, he ____ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is
C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _______ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。）
A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave
C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back
C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________ （不去）.
A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.
( ) 16. Who ________ we _____swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing
( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and
then ________ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go 1
( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they _______a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches
C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be
C. shall going to be D. will going to be 二、动词填空: 1. I ______（leave ）in a minute. I ______（finish ）all my work before I ______ （leave ）.
2.Mike ____________（go, not）to the cinema this afternoon. 3.All of us ____________（plant ）trees on Baiyun hill next Friday. 4. I ______（be ）tired. I ______（go ）to bed early tonight.
5. Mary’s birthday is next Monday. Her mother _____（give ）her a present.
6.A lot of people ____________(visit) the Summer Palace next month.
情态动词的用法和习题
1. can (could)
1) 表示能力，could 主要指过去时间。
注意：Can 表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力 2) 表示允许。例如：
① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。 2．may (might)
1) 表允许，might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
2) 在回答以may 引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 3)may /might 推测性用法 可能
He may be right. He may not come today (可能不) He may /might come tomorrow.
注意 : (1)只用于肯定和否定句中, 不用于疑问句中。 (2) might 比may 可能性更小 3. must
1) 表示义务。意为―必须‖（主观意志）。例如：
2)must be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有―一定‖之意。（只用在肯定句中）
3)must 的否定式有两个：当回答由must 引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示―不必‖、―无须‖、―用不着‖、―不一定‖的意义。当表示―不应该‖、―不许可‖、―禁止‖时，就用must not。
5) 区别：have to 的含义与must 是很接近的, 只是have to 比较强调客观需要，must 着重说明主观看法。 4.shall
1) 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。例如：
2) 表说话人的意愿，有―命令、允诺、警告、决心‖等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 5. should
1) 用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和，如：
2) 表示应该、必须，常与must 换用。例如： 6.will 和would 的用法
1）表示意志，决心或愿望。
2）will 表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would 表示过去的习惯行为。 3）用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would 的语气比will 委碗 7.ought to
表义务，意为―应该‖（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should 稍轻。 8. used to
1）表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
used to +v意为―过去常常‖，―过去一直‖；be used to +v-ing / n（名词）意为―习惯于‖；be used to +v意为―被用来（做某事）‖。 二、 情态动词表推测：
1.can 表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 2.may 表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
3. must 表示揣测。意为―想必、准是、一定‖等，只用于肯定句。 4. should 表推测，意为―想必一定、照说应该、估计‖等。 5. ought to 表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。
6. could 可能性不大，语气较弱。7 might 可能性最小，语气最弱。 表示可能性大小的顺序为： must > will > would > ought to > should > can > could> may> might 情态动词练习题 1. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 2.You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 3. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? A Must B Can C May D Will 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Mark _______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 6. _______ I take the book out? —I'm afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 7.Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon . A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether 8. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 9.May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you______ . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 10.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A ．can B ．will C ．must D ．may 11.---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. --Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. Can 12.―You ____ have a wrong number,‖ she said. ―There’s no one of that name here.‖ A. need B. can C. must D. would 13.---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. ---Oh, you ____ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. 2
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't
14. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______ A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 15. John went to the hospital alone. If he_______ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 16. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 17.If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 18.--The weather has been very hot and dry. --Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died 19．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . A ．would have been saved B ．had been saved C.will be saved D ．was saved 20. It’s the office! So you___ know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 21. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There___ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall 22. —I don’t care what people think. —Well, you _______ A. could B. would C. should D. might 23.I can’t find my purse anywhere. —You have lost it while shopping. A.may B.can C.should D.would 24.It is usually warm in my hometown in March ，but it be rather cold sometimes. A.must B.can C.should D.would 25. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It____ be， but it is now heavily polluted. A.will B.would C.should D.must 26.What’s the name? Khulaifi. ____ I spell that for you? A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might 27.John ，look at the time. ____ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need 28. —Catherine ，I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You____ it.I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C.mustn’t do D.shouldn’t have done
29. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. —You____ her last week.
A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told
30. —Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? —Sorry ，I am not sure. But it____ be. A.might B.will C.must D.can
感叹句
感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。"what" 和"how" 与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。
一、 由"what" 引导的感叹句："what" 意为" 多么" 用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语.
二、由"how" 引导的感叹句："how" 意为" 多么" ，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how 修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv. ）+主语+谓语.
感叹句往后看 形容词后是名单 就用what a或what an 形后若是不可数或名复数 只用what 就可以 形容词后乱糟糟 只写how 就OK 了
填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。
1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday! 2).________cute dog it is!
3).________ interesting the story is!
4).________ bad the weather in England is! 5).________ honest boy Tom is ！
6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!
7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday! 8).________ exciting news you've brought us! 9).________cool your new car is! 10).________ scary these tigers are! 选择填空。 1. _______ fast the boy ran!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what D. What, how
3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
过去进行时
(一）定义 ： 过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
（二）结构： was/were +doing (现在分词） （三）用法：
1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：
2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：
3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：
4.
一、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us. 3
2. I _________ (telephone) a friend when Bob ________ (come) in. 3. Jim __________(jump) on the bus as it ________ (move) away. 4. We __________(test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.
5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.
6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).
7. As I _________(walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain. 8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she________________ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).
9. It was quite late at night. George __________ (read) and Amy __________ (ply) her needle when they __________ (hear) a knock at the door.
10. There __________ (be) a group round the fire when they __________ (reach) it. An old woman __________ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children __________ (lie) near her; a donkey __________ (bend) his head over a tall girl. 一、 单项选择
1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding
C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding 2. Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.
A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked 3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked
C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking 4.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared
5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 6.---Hey, look where you are going! ---Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.________.
A. I ' m not noticing B. I wasn ' t noticing C. I haven ' t noticed D. I don ' t notice
7. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
8. I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came. A. had B. had been having C. have been having D. was having
9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone. A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken
10. ― What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ‖
― Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home. ‖
A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought 初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级讲练 形容词比较级
(一) 一般句式的构成： A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B A 是主格 B 是宾格
（二）英语形容词比较级的构成
英语形容词比较等级有三个：原级，比较级和最高级。 形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。 规则变化
1）单音节词末尾加-er （比较级），-est （最高级） 2）单音节如以e 结尾，只加-r （比较级），-st （最高级）
3）闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er （比较级），-est （最高级）
5）其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more 和most 。 【例】 careful more careful most careful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad worse worst
many/much more most little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest 注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。
形容词的比较等级的用法：比较级用于二者的比较。 二、 形容词各等级的用法： 1、 原级（同级）比较：as…as…; not as(so)…as… 2. 比较级：表示两者之间比…… 更……可用状语much, a little, even 等修饰： 3、 高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the ，后面多用of……， in……短语表示范围：
4、 如果在两者之间表示―最……‖时要在比较级前加the ，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：
5、 the more….. the more….表示―越……越……‖: 6、 more and more….表示―越来……越……‖: 英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级练习题 1. This box is___ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as
2 When we speak to people, we should be ' . A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly 3 This book is____ that one, but____ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive
B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive
4 I think the story is not so ___ as that one.
A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting
5 His father began to work____ he was seven years old. A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while 2
1. I think science is _ than Japanese.
A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important
( ) 2 This pencil is___ than that one. ^. longest B. long C. longer D. as long ( ) 3 My mother is no ___ young. A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few
( ) 4 These children are ____ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller ( ) 5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot
6. Mrs Black has got____ instead of getting any better.
4
A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse 3
( ) 1 When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with___ students.
A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite 2 The house is small for a family of six. A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so
3 Through the window we can see nothing but ____ buildings. A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall
4 -What's your brother like? -He is___.
A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school 5 The jacket was so___ that he decided to buy it. , A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheapl 6 Our classroom is____ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much
主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋宾语补足语－―主谓宾补型 用来补充说明宾语―怎么样‖、―是什么‖、―做什么‖的成分，叫做宾语补足语。简称宾补。宾补一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或分词充当。 宾语和宾补合称复合宾语。eg.
We call him（Peter ）.
They 〈always 〉keep the room（clean ）.
仁爱英语八年级上册语法讲解与练习
初中英语一般将来时习题
用法：
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的表达形式共有五种，现归纳如下：
一、用will 或shall 表示。“助动词will 或shall ＋动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will 用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall 。如：
二、用be going to结构表示。“be going to＋动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。如：
We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。
三、用现在进行时表示。表示位置转移的动词（如：go ，come ，start ，move ，sail ，leave ，arrive ，stay ，fly, 等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如：
They're leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 一、选择填空:
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( ) 3. He _____ very busy this week, he ____ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is
C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _______ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。）
A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave
C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back
C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________ （不去）.
A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.
( ) 16. Who ________ we _____swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing
( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and
then ________ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go 1
( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they _______a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches
C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be
C. shall going to be D. will going to be 二、动词填空: 1. I ______（leave ）in a minute. I ______（finish ）all my work before I ______ （leave ）.
2.Mike ____________（go, not）to the cinema this afternoon. 3.All of us ____________（plant ）trees on Baiyun hill next Friday. 4. I ______（be ）tired. I ______（go ）to bed early tonight.
5. Mary’s birthday is next Monday. Her mother _____（give ）her a present.
6.A lot of people ____________(visit) the Summer Palace next month.
情态动词的用法和习题
1. can (could)
1) 表示能力，could 主要指过去时间。
注意：Can 表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力 2) 表示允许。例如：
① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。 2．may (might)
1) 表允许，might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
2) 在回答以may 引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 3)may /might 推测性用法 可能
He may be right. He may not come today (可能不) He may /might come tomorrow.
注意 : (1)只用于肯定和否定句中, 不用于疑问句中。 (2) might 比may 可能性更小 3. must
1) 表示义务。意为―必须‖（主观意志）。例如：
2)must be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有―一定‖之意。（只用在肯定句中）
3)must 的否定式有两个：当回答由must 引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示―不必‖、―无须‖、―用不着‖、―不一定‖的意义。当表示―不应该‖、―不许可‖、―禁止‖时，就用must not。
5) 区别：have to 的含义与must 是很接近的, 只是have to 比较强调客观需要，must 着重说明主观看法。 4.shall
1) 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。例如：
2) 表说话人的意愿，有―命令、允诺、警告、决心‖等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 5. should
1) 用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和，如：
2) 表示应该、必须，常与must 换用。例如： 6.will 和would 的用法
1）表示意志，决心或愿望。
2）will 表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would 表示过去的习惯行为。 3）用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would 的语气比will 委碗 7.ought to
表义务，意为―应该‖（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should 稍轻。 8. used to
1）表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
used to +v意为―过去常常‖，―过去一直‖；be used to +v-ing / n（名词）意为―习惯于‖；be used to +v意为―被用来（做某事）‖。 二、 情态动词表推测：
1.can 表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 2.may 表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
3. must 表示揣测。意为―想必、准是、一定‖等，只用于肯定句。 4. should 表推测，意为―想必一定、照说应该、估计‖等。 5. ought to 表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。
6. could 可能性不大，语气较弱。7 might 可能性最小，语气最弱。 表示可能性大小的顺序为： must > will > would > ought to > should > can > could> may> might 情态动词练习题 1. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 2.You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 3. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? A Must B Can C May D Will 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Mark _______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 6. _______ I take the book out? —I'm afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 7.Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon . A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether 8. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 9.May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you______ . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 10.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A ．can B ．will C ．must D ．may 11.---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. --Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. Can 12.―You ____ have a wrong number,‖ she said. ―There’s no one of that name here.‖ A. need B. can C. must D. would 13.---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. ---Oh, you ____ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. 2
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't
14. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______ A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 15. John went to the hospital alone. If he_______ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 16. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 17.If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 18.--The weather has been very hot and dry. --Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died 19．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . A ．would have been saved B ．had been saved C.will be saved D ．was saved 20. It’s the office! So you___ know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 21. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There___ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall 22. —I don’t care what people think. —Well, you _______ A. could B. would C. should D. might 23.I can’t find my purse anywhere. —You have lost it while shopping. A.may B.can C.should D.would 24.It is usually warm in my hometown in March ，but it be rather cold sometimes. A.must B.can C.should D.would 25. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It____ be， but it is now heavily polluted. A.will B.would C.should D.must 26.What’s the name? Khulaifi. ____ I spell that for you? A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might 27.John ，look at the time. ____ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need 28. —Catherine ，I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You____ it.I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C.mustn’t do D.shouldn’t have done
29. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. —You____ her last week.
A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told
30. —Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? —Sorry ，I am not sure. But it____ be. A.might B.will C.must D.can
感叹句
感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。"what" 和"how" 与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。
一、 由"what" 引导的感叹句："what" 意为" 多么" 用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语.
二、由"how" 引导的感叹句："how" 意为" 多么" ，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how 修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv. ）+主语+谓语.
感叹句往后看 形容词后是名单 就用what a或what an 形后若是不可数或名复数 只用what 就可以 形容词后乱糟糟 只写how 就OK 了
填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。
1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday! 2).________cute dog it is!
3).________ interesting the story is!
4).________ bad the weather in England is! 5).________ honest boy Tom is ！
6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!
7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday! 8).________ exciting news you've brought us! 9).________cool your new car is! 10).________ scary these tigers are! 选择填空。 1. _______ fast the boy ran!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what D. What, how
3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
过去进行时
(一）定义 ： 过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
（二）结构： was/were +doing (现在分词） （三）用法：
1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：
2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：
3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：
4.
一、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us. 3
2. I _________ (telephone) a friend when Bob ________ (come) in. 3. Jim __________(jump) on the bus as it ________ (move) away. 4. We __________(test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.
5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.
6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).
7. As I _________(walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain. 8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she________________ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).
9. It was quite late at night. George __________ (read) and Amy __________ (ply) her needle when they __________ (hear) a knock at the door.
10. There __________ (be) a group round the fire when they __________ (reach) it. An old woman __________ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children __________ (lie) near her; a donkey __________ (bend) his head over a tall girl. 一、 单项选择
1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding
C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding 2. Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.
A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked 3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked
C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking 4.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared
5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 6.---Hey, look where you are going! ---Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.________.
A. I ' m not noticing B. I wasn ' t noticing C. I haven ' t noticed D. I don ' t notice
7. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
8. I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came. A. had B. had been having C. have been having D. was having
9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone. A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken
10. ― What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ‖
― Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home. ‖
A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought 初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级讲练 形容词比较级
(一) 一般句式的构成： A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B A 是主格 B 是宾格
（二）英语形容词比较级的构成
英语形容词比较等级有三个：原级，比较级和最高级。 形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。 规则变化
1）单音节词末尾加-er （比较级），-est （最高级） 2）单音节如以e 结尾，只加-r （比较级），-st （最高级）
3）闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er （比较级），-est （最高级）
5）其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more 和most 。 【例】 careful more careful most careful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad worse worst
many/much more most little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest 注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。
形容词的比较等级的用法：比较级用于二者的比较。 二、 形容词各等级的用法： 1、 原级（同级）比较：as…as…; not as(so)…as… 2. 比较级：表示两者之间比…… 更……可用状语much, a little, even 等修饰： 3、 高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the ，后面多用of……， in……短语表示范围：
4、 如果在两者之间表示―最……‖时要在比较级前加the ，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：
5、 the more….. the more….表示―越……越……‖: 6、 more and more….表示―越来……越……‖: 英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级练习题 1. This box is___ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as
2 When we speak to people, we should be ' . A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly 3 This book is____ that one, but____ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive
B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive
4 I think the story is not so ___ as that one.
A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting
5 His father began to work____ he was seven years old. A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while 2
1. I think science is _ than Japanese.
A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important
( ) 2 This pencil is___ than that one. ^. longest B. long C. longer D. as long ( ) 3 My mother is no ___ young. A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few
( ) 4 These children are ____ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller ( ) 5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot
6. Mrs Black has got____ instead of getting any better.
4
A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse 3
( ) 1 When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with___ students.
A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite 2 The house is small for a family of six. A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so
3 Through the window we can see nothing but ____ buildings. A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall
4 -What's your brother like? -He is___.
A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school 5 The jacket was so___ that he decided to buy it. , A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheapl 6 Our classroom is____ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much
主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋宾语补足语－―主谓宾补型 用来补充说明宾语―怎么样‖、―是什么‖、―做什么‖的成分，叫做宾语补足语。简称宾补。宾补一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或分词充当。 宾语和宾补合称复合宾语。eg.
We call him（Peter ）.
They 〈always 〉keep the room（clean ）.