毕业设计（论文）材料之二（2）
本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告
题目： 垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式 选择研究
课 题 类 型： 设计□ 实验研究□ 论文
学 生 姓 名： 林靖
学 号： 3132504229
专 业 班 级： 物流 102
学 院： 管理工程学院
指 导 教 师： 桂 云 苗
开 题 时 间： 2014.04.10
2014年04月10日
一、 毕业论文的研究意义与研究现状
当前，国内垂直电子商务的发展如火如荼，根据艾瑞咨询的调查显示，2013 年中国网络购物市场交易规模达1.5万亿元，同比增长42.0%。据商务部 2012-2013 年《中国电子商务发展报告》，2013年中国网络购物用户达3.1亿人,发达国家如美国电商销售额占据了全美网购市场80%的份额,这些数据吸引着越来越多的企业进入电子商务领域目前电子商务领域，市场份额较大的有天猫﹑京东﹑苏宁和易购等，也有凡客﹑当当﹑麦考林等中型企业，还有像红孩子和钻石小鸟等中小型企业，竞争非常激烈，有专家指出，电子商务企业的竞争是一场持久战。
垂直电子商务购物消费者遍布各大中小城市及县城，因而配送地点的高度分散及不确定性也就成了必然，过于分散的物流配送网络不利于低物流成本运作。垂直电子商务物流配送模式选择研究可以充分了解各种配送模式的特点和实用范围，可以帮助垂直电商结合自身点选择合理的物流配送模式，制定合理的配送体系，从而降低物流成本。
电子商务的优越性在于大大提高了商务活动的水平和服务质量，而垂直电子商务大多为直接为终端消费者服务。如果配送模式使用不当，往往会出现配送时间过长，未真正实现送货上门。从而影响物流效率和服务质量。因而垂直电子商务物流配送模式选择研究为电子商务配送应用提供了理论依据，垂直电子是商务配送模式研究有助于垂直电商提高物流效率和服务质量。与发达国家电子商务是建立在高效的现代物流基础上不同，我国的电子商务是由传统物流向现代物流的道路上展开的，物流配送体系的相对落后导致电子商务高效快捷的优势不能体现出来。垂直电子商务配送模式的研究有助于物流配送模式的优化，从而帮助我国垂直电子商务突破行业的制约。物流业不断创新与发展是电子商务蓬勃发展的重要推动因素。
本课题在借鉴前人研究的基础上，从电子商务企业如何选择物流模式的角度来研究电子商务物流，分析了三种典型的电子商务物流模式：自行组建物流配送系统的模式；第三方物流的模式；以及近年来开始出现的物流联盟的模式，采用AHP层次分析法进行定量分析和定性的物流决策方法分析。结合我国电子商务物流现状，提出了电子商务企业物流模式选择的评价方法，并通过案例进行验证，最后对我国垂直电子商务物流配送模式提出了建议。
二、 毕业论文的研究现状和发展趋势
1﹑国内研究现状
近年来，随着知识经济的发展和信息公路的建设，众多的垂直电子商务企业的崛起，物流配送的重要性逐渐被认识，越来越多的文献就关于垂直电子商务企业物
［1］流配送的研究做了不同观点的阐述与分析。如王虹（2013）介绍了电子商务的活动
现状：人们对物流缺乏正确的理解和认识，观念陈旧、商业环境相对落后、物流基础设施布局不合理、物流企业经营管理体制落后，物流企业服务水平亟待提高和物流人才严重缺乏。杨晨(2013)［2］提出我国“物流瓶颈”形成的原因包括长期以来，由于受计划经济的影响，我国物流社会化程度低，设施利用率低，布局不合理，重复建设，资金浪费严重；网络无法解决物流问题；目前呈现出重商流、轻物流，重信息网、轻物流网的倾向比较严重；物流基础设施还不能适应物流发展的需要和管理体制和服务水平的落后，以及物流人才的匮乏。针对以上种种莫翠梅提出建立与完
善法规政策，加强基础设施的投入、树立物流信用体系，提高科技含量的对策。长期以来“物流瓶颈”问题一直都是电子商务企业的主要问题之一，信息流、商流、资金流都能在高速发展的网络上完成，唯独是物流，它是商品的物理移动过程。
分析电子商务的物流瓶颈，更有的学者深入的着重于我国垂直电子商务模式企业的物流配送瓶颈问题进行分析。郭琳(2012)［3］认为垂直电子商务环境下物流配送的最大特点就是用户分散且距离远近不同，面对庞大和分散的消费者，电子商务运营商要想抓住每一个客户，除了要提供物美价廉的商品外，更要能让消费者在尽可能短的时间内享受到商品或服务带给他们的乐趣和福利。概括垂直电子商务企业主要有邮政体系配送(特别是EMS体系)的物流模式、网站自建配送的物流模式和借助第三方物流企业的模式以及网站与传统商业结合的模式。张成志（2012）指出了垂直电子商务的物流配送应积极发展第三方物流、加快发展物流行业联盟及信息交流、适当发展自建物流和充分利用邮政物流的配送方式的相应对策。文献主要观点是支持垂直电子商务企业发展第三利润源，将企业的物流配送外包。毕竟就现阶段我国垂直电子商务企业在垂直电子商务环境下的物流配送需要面对的顾客数量极多,要做到具有快速及时、准确无误、安全优质高效、低成本是极为复杂的。宁志明（2012）［5］［4］强调我国垂直电子商务企业，大部分着重于在网站上的销售业绩，能有效的进行电子商务经营，为实现最大利润化目的在资金的问题上企业不得不考虑将物流配送外包，将物流配送系统的各大问题交由第三方物流来完成，从而专注于商品的销售。
无可厚非发展第三利润源对我国垂直电子商务企业来说是一条不错的物流配送
［6］经营模式。但王乐鹏、刘轩、张世翔（2011）却有独特的见解，他们提出我国垂直
电子商务企业要取得长期的发展，必须要有灵活高效的物流配送体系与之相匹配，提出物流配送体系必须做到以下几点：物流管理柔性化、物流服务系列化、配送流程自动化和物流配送信息化。阐述垂直电子商务的物流体系水平不一，经营模式各不相同，概括为以下四种类型：企业自营配送模式、外包给第三方的物流配送模式、
［7］自营和外包相结合的配送模式以及共同配送模式。王建新（2012）着重提出垂直企
业应根据自身的战略目标、企业规模、行业特点选择合适的配送模式。张建奇（2012）［8］认为企业自营配送模式适合于A企业，并不代表它就适应于B企业，或许垂直电子商务企业更多的适应于外包给第三方的物流配送模式。每个企业都有自身的经营特点，选择适合的配送模式尤为重要。
综上所述，目前国内对垂直企业物流配送探讨的文献大致分为三类：对现阶段电子商务物流配送问题的剖析优化物流体系、在“物流瓶颈”剖析的基础上支持发展第三方物流以及针对企业的自身经营选择相适应模式的研究。B2C企业要能长期发展就要把住消费者这一关，为零散客户提供快速便捷的服务是我国B2C企业物流配送的当务之急，必须从物流配送这一关做起，毕竟网上购物能与客户面对面的就只有配送这一关，能使消费者对企业的初步认知也在这一点上。增加便利性的服务是旗下垂直电子商务企业的当务之事。
2﹑国外研究现状
［9］ 国外的文献对垂直电子商务的探讨要更丰富和深入，A S Hornby（2011）
着重于分析垂直电子商务企业的销售业绩和市场的开发，对垂直电子商务企业的信息流、商流、资金流的细述，而极少的文献会就关于电子商务企业物流配送做专题的论述。纵使有有关于物流配送的文献，但主要是结合其本国、本区域的经济发展情况而论，各国的经济发展不一，物流配送模式的建立与运作也不同。从20世纪60年代起，货物配送的合理化在美国就已经普遍得到重视，发展至今，物流配送体系已相对的成熟。如美国的亚马逊书店是世界上销售量最大的书店，物流是亚马逊促销的手段、开源节流是亚马逊促销成功的保证、完善的物流系统是亚马逊生存与发展的命脉；在欧洲诸国，尤其是德国，近10年来德国的物流配送己经摈弃了商品从产地到销地的传统配送模式，基本形成了商品从产地到集散中心，从集散中心(有时通过不止一个集散中心)到达最终客户的现代模式。各国的物流配送模式都结合了其本国的国情，故此论述我国垂直电子商务企业的物流配送,要结合我国的经济发展状况而言，国外较为成熟的物流体系对我国B2C企业物流配送未来的发展有着重大启示。
与发达国家的电子商务是建立在高效的现代物流的基础上不同，我国的电子商
［10］务是在传统物流向现代物流发展的道路上。Sally Bush（2011）从现实的约束为
条件建立理论，从B2C配送模式选择、物流配送等基层作业实施以及物流配送的系统化三个方面着手提出增值性的物流服务，从而引出：“第四方物流”，并且结合国内各大垂直企业网站案例进行分析说明，以及国家政策对我国B2C电子商务企业发展的影响，以便能够更加清楚地理解我国电子商务企业在现行约束条件下的选择以及这个选择给电子商务物流配送现状带来的影响，为我国垂直电子商务的发展提供有效的经验参考。
三、毕业论文的研究方案及工作计划
1.论文主要研究内容
本论文着眼于垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式选择研究，共分为五章，各章主要内容如下：
第1章为绪论，主要介绍选题背景，选题意义，以及研究的主要内容。
第2章主要详细论述了国内外垂直电子商务物流配送模式的发展状况。
第3章介绍了垂直电子商务企业可以采用的多种配送模式及其分析。
第4章在分析了各自配送模式特点的基础上，根据垂直电子商务自身，提出如何选择相适应的物流配送模式。
第5章是对全文的总结和展望，总结了本文的结论和创新点以及有待进一步研究的问题。
2.论文工作重点及难点
在确定论文题目之后，对于整篇文章重点的就是要考虑在垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式的探索，且要找出适合我国的垂直电子商务企业物流配送模式。同样
这些也是难点，还需要查阅和借鉴专家学者们研究的成果，进而得出自己论文的提纲及大致方向。在完成论文三稿定稿之后，要充分准备论文的答辩。
3.论文进程表
四、主要参考文献
[1] 王虹.浅析电子商务环境下物流配送模式研究[J].科技创业月刊,2013,(04): 44-45
[2] 杨晨.我国B2C电子商务物流配送模式研究[J].现代工业经济和信息化,2013,(12): 85-86
[3] 郭琳.电子商务物流配送模式比较—以淘宝网与京东商城为例[J].商业时代,2013,
(16): 42-43
[4] 张成志，赵亮.电子商务下的物流配送模式研究[J].物流技术,2012,31(10): 66-67
[5] 宁志明.B2C电子商务环境下物流配送模式研究[J].物流技术,2012,31(7): 146-147
[6] 王乐鹏,刘轩,张世翔.B2C电子商务企业物流配送模式选择研究[J].商业经济,2012,(9): 42-43
[7] 王建新.电子商务物流配送模式分析[J].科技信息,2012,(32): 77-78
[8] 张建奇.B2C电子商务物流配送模式探讨及研究[J].物流工程与管理,2012,34(06): 21-22
[9] A S Hornby. Research on Logistics Distribution Mode for E-commerce Businesses
[J].Logistics Management,2011,23(23): 47-48
[10]Sally Bush.Study on Logistics Distribution Mode of B2C E-commerce[J].Logistics
and Transportation Review,2011,34(4):105-107
China's B2C e-commerce type of logistics and distribution
【Abstract】 This paper attempts to restrict the present stage of development constraints B2C e-commerce as a hypothetical structural model to understand e-commerce businesses in this under optimizing selection, and the combination of case analysis, and then make relevant policy recommendations. As this stage, the absence of the credit system, choose the delivery door of the distribution model is B2C e-commerce site through the default risk onto themselves in order to win consumer confidence in the product. However, triggered the higher the cost of the site had made through the establishment of distribution costs of such price discrimination means abandoning some of meager profits, demand the most densely concentrated within a small business, while leading consumers to turn over a single consumption for the consumer alone. In addition, from the distribution system itself, the timing of the B2C e-commerce market has led to the status quo; online stores and traditional outlets comparative advantage can only be reflected in prices. On this basis, e-commerce business and government, relevant recommendations.
Key words： B2C mode of e-commerce, logistics and distribution, comparative advantages
1. Introduction
Although not yet fully universal, the concept of e-commerce has been as PC prices continue to decline in cost of Internet use and Internet connection into the lower rate continues to accelerate gradually been taking root. Commercial business-to-consumer business model (Business to Consumer, referred to as B2C) e-commerce transactions as a model, albeit with only a small fraction of the annual total value of transactions, however, and the vast majority of consumers very closely. As we all know, China's late start e-commerce, whether it is the network infrastructure, security systems or the management of the relevant laws and regulations, reputation mechanisms are rather imperfect, in which case there can be no B2C portal, go too far. However, there are still a number of our country, like excellence, Dang dang these networks started out the first wave of B2C e-commerce site in 2001 has withstood the severe test of dot-com bubble burst in the face of the status quote of China's e-commerce.
2. Literature Review
Distribution refers to the economic rationality within the area, according to the user's requirements, selection of items, processing, packaging, partition, group distribution and other operations, and on time delivery of logistics activities in designated locations. The field of B2C e-commerce refers to e-commerce website received a consumer under the orders after the realization of tangible goods from the upstream suppliers to the consumer space and time to transfer. Accordance with the processes and trading partners, the entire logistics chain of e-commerce website is divided into home from the ordering, storing, and sorting and stocking down at home, with the process of loading and transportation of the two. Although the upstream suppliers will undoubtedly affect the transaction costs of logistics and distribution chain, and speed, but with the acceleration of the process of logistics information technology, logistics and distribution upstream speed increases and cost reduction can be achieved through the database docking. In comparison, the goods to consumers in this part is directly related to consumer evaluation of B2C e-commerce site, it seems more important. This paper studies the distribution pattern refers only to goods sent to the consumer from the site of the downstream distribution process.
B2C e-commerce enterprises to adopt at this stage of the logistics and distribution
model is essentially divided into three categories: built-in implementation services, that company's own logistics management; traditional distribution channels, that is, from manufacturers to send goods directly to customers; third-party logistics (Third Party Logistics, 3PL) from a third party outside of the demand side of the supply part or all of the use of the supply side to demand-side resources through the contract to provide logistics services, also known as outsourcing, contract logistics. of e-business - logistics, information flow and cash flow starting to explore the relationship between the importance of logistics; also has three elements and scholars from the future development trend of the starting expounded the necessity of establishing a modern logistics system. If Liang Yang jun (2003) considered that, due to consumers online ordering and selection of payment method, with the network bandwidth, network security technology improvement and the establishment of Internet banking, they (information flow and capital flow) achieved is no longer a B2C model of the main bottlenecks; so the problem lies in delivery aspects, namely, logistics and distribution problems.
Another scholar at the present stage of China's logistics and distribution problems in the development of technology, cost, management, and human resources were discussed, pointing out that the modernization of logistics long way to go. In recent years, with a number of B2C e-commerce businesses using third-party logistics, a lot of calls on the analysis or third-party logistics literature came into being. These documents analyzed, using third-party logistics companies to significantly reduce operating costs and the required inventory, consumers can also get faster and more high-quality service, truly a "capital flow, information flow, logistics," the unity, and therefore a a win-win choice. Of course, there are some scholars, such as ZHU Guan Yin (2003), referring to the independent operation of logistics and distribution agent is also involved in property ownership will lead to risk liability, costs cost, product quality, and dispute resolution aspects of legal issues.
Three. B2C Distribution pattern analysis
On China's current situation of e-commerce development, due to a sound credit system has not been established, online shopping fraud cases, as well as newspapers and magazines a lot of negative reports on the frequent e-commerce businesses, enabling people are always skeptical about e-commerce, fear not on track to close to the quality of the goods or the goods do not conform with their expectations. With the largest proportion of online shopping book, for example, although the standardization of quality assessment to determine their likely than other commodities, but there are also that they are not the same version, the wrong page missing pages, piracy and so on. Lack of credibility in the face of the current e-commerce of this constraint, in order to attract a higher degree of risk aversion of customers to join the ranks of online shopping which, B2C e-commerce businesses the only way out is to breach of contract to transfer risk to themselves, which is now Most of B2C e-commerce sites to provide consumers with a free or fee home delivery and cash on delivery service. This "single hand cold number-crunching" approach despite. is minimal. Let us choose the way of e-commerce distribution constraints in decision-making assumptions as follows:
Suppose one, with the spread of personal computers, access the network to continuously reduce costs, coupled with the increase in the number of e-commerce sites and services to improve, more and more people will be willing to try to use this form of shopping online trading activities . Thus, e-commerce businesses operating conditions of an area is constantly turn for the better;
Assumption 2, if an e-commerce enterprises to provide home delivery services to an
area and will be even greater extent to enhance the e-commerce businesses in the region, the volume of business;
Assumption 3, the postal system can reach any place, regardless of the market prospects for its e-commerce businesses are not interested in a sense, will provide mail service in the region, because the mail Pei song will be fully transferred to the consumers, it is only for businesses earnings suffered no loss.
Assumption 4, the best ratio of distribution costs of the transfer, the best selling price, the best delivery time in the model as exogenous variables which are, demand increases and is only concerned with the distribution mode selection; and assume that e-business expansion decisions do not consider the competitive pressures less advanced e-commerce businesses.
According to assumption 3, let the initial state only when the demand for mail services, the rate of change subject to Brownian motion,, where. According to our assumption is that a smaller constant.
c for e-commerce businesses, the use of the mail delivery unit of the full costs to consumers, and that c = 0;
p units of goods that the average earnings, X, said he expected sales. The use of the profit recorded for the mail;
Distribution points for the establishment of the initial fixed costs, such as leasing of land, recruitment of personnel
According to one hypothesis, if the business provides an area to send books on-site service will stimulate the local e-commerce needs, and establish distribution points on the profits recorded as follows:
In the above set conditions, enterprises will choose to enter the time T, that is the choice of timing to provide home delivery services in the region, bringing its total discounted profit maximization:
The solution of this problem must be the existence of one, when up to, that is the area of e-commerce business environment, good to a certain extent, is expected to have a good market, companies will decide in the region to establish their own distribution stations, home delivery for the areas of services, better market share.
This formula (1) to come and go as
Where
F.O.C (2)
Right (2) the nature of style analysis, we can get the following conclusions:
increases would be increased. This shows that if an e-commerce businesses can not be at a lower cost in the region to provide home delivery service, then it will delay the expansion into the region of time.
Suppose a consumer is a homogeneous, consumer utility and the price of book is inversely proportional to access time is inversely proportional with the book.
Hypothesis 2, in the [-1,1] of the interval, assuming uniform distribution in which consumers, the traditional bookstore is located in the center of the range, at the point -1, a consumer to the textbooks required for the traditional bookstore time is T. Total demand on the whole interval is D
Hypothesis three, assuming that e-businesses provide distribution costs and delivery time is inversely proportional to it, and assumed that the e-commerce businesses with a fixed ratio will Pei song to consumers. To calculate a simple, set, of which c for e-commerce enterprises in the distribution costs on this one, t, said e-commerce businesses the time promised to send books, k as a parameter, reflecting the level of distribution costs.
In order to make the model more intuitive solution, assuming that e-commerce business goal is not to do with the traditional stores under the premise of price competition, by choosing delivery time to maximize their own profits: relatively large fluctuations in demand, e-commerce enterprises to find a better status quote be willing to enter the market.
3. When the increases would be reduced. This means that if a region's development trends in the status quote emerged very good or the e-commerce businesses in the area have a good demand is expected, then these will attract the earlier and faster e-commerce businesses to enter the area.
The following model analysis with Joy nationwide distribution within the business development decisions. Is known as "China's largest audio book mall" in Joyo was released in May 2000, the main audio and video, books, software, games, gifts and other fashion cultural products. Since the birth of Joy, with patented "selected species, the audience inventory, fast delivery" of the "excellent model" for the country's most rapidly growing and radiation influential e-commerce website, has won more than 5.2 million registered users wholeheartedly supports the development of China's most visited, the highest turnover of retail Web site.
In April 2004, Joy in the original Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, three home delivery outside the city, has opened in Shenzhen, Nanjing, Jinan, Qingdao, Hangzhou, Ning bo, Fuzhou, Xiamen and other 29 cities home delivery service . The 29 cities where the five provinces ,the proportion of Internet users is just the number of residents in the province accounted for the nation's top five. This shows that these cities, the demand for online shopping () larger than in other regions. In these cities to provide home delivery services, if the cost and the same situation in other regions is expected to bring greater sales profits will not only be able to advance into the site, talks and other expenses to recover quickly, but also diluted distribution costs, resulting in decline. On the contrary in some less developed provinces such as He bey, Shan xi, although away from the headquarters in Beijing than in Guan dong Province, close to large population, but the reasons for network construction led to weak demand, without a distribution center built in these areas is reasonable. We speculate that as the network development in these areas, and excellent distribution lines quickly to keep up with.
中国B2C电子商务企业物流配送模式
【摘要】 本文试图限制当前发展阶段的限制作为假设的结构模型来理解电子商务B2C电子商务企业在这下的优化选择,并结合案例分析,然后提出相关政策建议。这个阶段,缺乏信贷体系的情况下,选择送货门分布模型的B2C电子商务网站通过违约风险到自己为了赢得消费者对产品的信心。然而,引发的成本越高的网站通过建立了分销成本的价格歧视意味着放弃一些微薄的利润,要求大多数人口集中在一个小企业,而导致消费者把单独对消费者消费。此外,从分配制度本身,B2C电子商务市场的时机导致现状;在线商店和传统媒体比较优势只能反映在价格上。在此基础上,电子商务企业和政府、相关建议。
关键词B2C电子商务模式,物流和配送,比较优势
1.介绍
虽然没有完全普及,电子商务的概念是随着个人电脑价格继续下降的成本使用互联网和互联网连接到低利率继续加速逐渐扎根。商业B2C业务模型(商业消费,称为B2C)电子商务交易模式,尽管只有一小部分的年度总额事务,然而,绝大多数的消费者非常密切。我们都知道,中国的后期开始电子商务,无论是网络基础设施、安全系统或管理相关法律法规,声誉机制相当不完善,在这种情况下,不可能有B2C门户,走得太远。然而,仍然有许多我们国家,卓越、当当这些网络开始第一波B2C电子商务网站在2001年网络泡沫破灭的经受住了严峻考验的中国电子商务的现状。
2.文献综述
分布是指区域内的经济理性,根据用户的需求,选择项目,加工、包装、分割、组织分布和其他操作,物流活动的准时交货在指定的位置。B2C电子商务是指电子商务领域的网站收到了消费者下订单后从上游供应商实现有形商品消费时间和空间转移。按照流程和贸易伙伴,整个物流链的电子商务网站分为从订购、存储、和排序和袜子在家里,装载和运输的过程。虽然上游供应商无疑会影响交易成本的物流和分销链,和速度,但随着进程的加速,物流信息技术,物流和配送上行速度增加和降低成本可以通过数据库实现对接。相比之下,消费者在这部分的货物是直接关系到消费者的B2C电子商务网站的评价,似乎更重要。本文研究了分布模式仅指货物发送到消费者的网站下游分布过程。
B2C电子商务企业采用物流和配送模型的在这个阶段基本上是分为三个类别:内置的实现服务,公司自身的物流管理,传统的分销渠道,也就是说,从制造商直接发送货物给客户,第三方物流(第三方物流,第三方物流)从需求方之外的第三方提供部分或全部的供应方面的使用需求方面的资源通过合同提供物流服务,也称为外包、合同物流。电子商务,物流,信息流和现金流开始探索物流的重要性之间的关系;也有三个元素和学者开始从未来的发展趋势阐述了建立现代物流体系的必要性。如果梁徵
(2003)认为,由于消费者在线订购和支付方式的选择,网络带宽,网络安全技术改进和建立网上银行,他们(即信息流动和资本流动)实现不再是一个B2C模式的主要瓶颈,因此,问题在于交付方面,即物流和配送问题。
另一位学者在现阶段中国的物流和配送技术的发展中存在的问题,成本,管理,和人力资源进行了探讨,指出物流的现代化长的路要走。近年来,随着大量的B2C电子商务企业使用第三方物流,很多呼吁分析或第三方物流文学应运而生。这些文档分析,使用第三方物流公司大幅降低运营成本和所需的库存,消费者也可以更快和更优质的服务,一个真正的“资本流、信息流、物流、”的统一,因此一个双赢的选择。当然,也有一些学者,如朱Guan Yin(2003),指的是独立运营的物流和分销代理还参与财产所有权将导致风险责任、费用成本、产品质量,和争议解决方面的法律问题。
3.B2C销售模式分析
在中国电子商务发展的现状,由于良好的信用体系尚未建立,网上购物诈骗案件,以及报纸和杂志很多负面报道频繁的电子商务业务,电子商务使人们总是怀疑,不要害怕有望接近商品或货物的质量不符合他们的期望。网上购物的最大比例的书,例如,尽管的标准化质量评估,以确定他们的可能性比其他商品,但也有,它们不是相同的版本,错误的页面丢失页面,盗版等等。缺乏可信度,面对当前电子商务的约束,为了吸引更高的风险厌恶程度的顾客加入网上购物的行列,B2C电子商务企业唯一的出路是违反合同来转移风险,目前大部分的B2C电子商务网站为消费者提供免费或收费送货上门、货到付款服务。尽管这种“一手冰冷的数字计算”方法。是最小的。让我们选择电子商务配送的方式约束决策假设如下:
假设一,随着个人电脑的普及,访问网络,不断降低成本,加上电子商务网站的数量的增加和服务的改善,越来越多的人愿意尝试使用这种形式的网上购物交易活动。因此,电子商务业务操作条件的区域不断好转;
假设2,如果一个电子商务企业提供送货上门服务,一个区域,将更大程度上提高电子商务企业在该地区的业务;
假设3,邮政系统可以到达任何地方,无论其电子商务业务的市场前景不感兴趣从某种意义上说,在该地区提供邮件服务,赔损会完全转移到消费者,只要企业盈利受到任何损失。
假设4,分销成本的最佳比例的转让、最好的销售价格,最好的交货时间的模型作为外生变量,需求增加,只是关心分布模式选择;和假设电子商务扩展决策不考虑竞争压力少先进的电子商务业务。
根据假设3,让初始状态只有在对邮件服务的需求,改变的速度服从布朗运动,根据我们的假设是,一个更小的常数。
c电子商务企业,使用邮件发送完整的成本转嫁给消费者,单位,c = 0;
p单位商品的平均收入,X表示,他预期销售。利润的使用邮件记录;分发点建立
最初的固定成本,如租赁的土地,招聘人员
根据一个假设,如果业务提供了一个区域发送图书现场服务会刺激当地的电子商务的需求,并建立记录点利润分配如下:
在上面的设置条件下,企业会选择进入时间T,时机的选择是在该地区提供送货上门服务,使其总贴现利润最大化:
这个问题的解决方案必须的存在,当,这是电子商务领域的业务环境中,良好的在某种程度上,预计将有一个很好的市场,公司将决定在这一地区建立自己的配送站,地区送货上门的服务,更好的市场份额。
(2)风格的本质分析,我们可以得到以下结论:
增加会增加。这表明,如果一个电子商务企业不能以更低的成本在该地区提供送货上门服务,那么它将延迟时间的在该地区扩张。
假设消费者是一个均匀、消费者效用和书的价格成反比与这本书访问时间成反比。
假设2,(1,1)的间隔,假设均匀分布的消费者,传统书店位于中心的范围,在1日消费者所需的课本传统书店时间t .总需求在整个区间是D
假设3,假设电子商务提供分销成本和交货时间成反比,和认为,电子商务企业与一个固定的比例将范Pei song消费者。计算一个简单的设置,其中c电子商务企业的分销成本,t,说电子商务企业承诺的时间送书,k作为参数,反映出分销成本的水平。
为了使模型更直观的解决方案,认为电子商务业务与传统的目标不是商店价格竞争的前提下,通过选择交货时间最大化自己的利润:
相对较大的波动的需求,电子商务企业找到一个更好的现状愿意进入这个市场。
3.当增加将会降低。这意味着,如果一个地区的发展现状趋势的出现很好的或电子商务企业在该地区有很好的需求预期,那么这些将吸引更早更快的电子商务企业进入该地区。
下面的模型分析与卓越网全国分布在业务发展决策。被称为“中国最大的有声书商城”卓越网发布2000年5月,主要的音频和视频,书籍、软件、游戏、礼物和其他时尚文化产品。卓越网的诞生以来,专利”选择的物种,观众库存,快速交货”“优秀模式”的国家最快速增长和辐射影响力的电子商务网站,赢得了超过520万的注册用户竭诚支持中国访问量最大的的发展,营业额最高的零售网站。
2004年4月,卓越网在原来的北京、上海和广州,三个城外送货上门,已在深圳、南京、济南、青岛、杭州、宁波、福州、厦门和其他29个城市送货上门服务。29个城市五省(广东、浙江、福建、山东、江苏)互联网用户的比例是省内的居民数量占全国前五。这表明这些城市,对网上购物的需求比其他地区。在这些城市提供送货上门服务,如果成本,同样的情况在其他地区预计将带来更大的销售利润将不仅能够推进到网站,谈判和其他费用迅速恢复,但也稀释分销成本,导致下降。相反在一些欠发
达省份如河北、山西,虽然远离总部在北京比在广东省,靠近人口众多,但网络建设的原因导致需求疲弱,没有配送中心建立在这些领域是合理的。我们推测,随着网络发展在这些领域,和优秀的配电线迅速跟上。
毕业设计（论文）材料之二（2）
本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告
题目： 垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式 选择研究
课 题 类 型： 设计□ 实验研究□ 论文
学 生 姓 名： 林靖
学 号： 3132504229
专 业 班 级： 物流 102
学 院： 管理工程学院
指 导 教 师： 桂 云 苗
开 题 时 间： 2014.04.10
2014年04月10日
一、 毕业论文的研究意义与研究现状
当前，国内垂直电子商务的发展如火如荼，根据艾瑞咨询的调查显示，2013 年中国网络购物市场交易规模达1.5万亿元，同比增长42.0%。据商务部 2012-2013 年《中国电子商务发展报告》，2013年中国网络购物用户达3.1亿人,发达国家如美国电商销售额占据了全美网购市场80%的份额,这些数据吸引着越来越多的企业进入电子商务领域目前电子商务领域，市场份额较大的有天猫﹑京东﹑苏宁和易购等，也有凡客﹑当当﹑麦考林等中型企业，还有像红孩子和钻石小鸟等中小型企业，竞争非常激烈，有专家指出，电子商务企业的竞争是一场持久战。
垂直电子商务购物消费者遍布各大中小城市及县城，因而配送地点的高度分散及不确定性也就成了必然，过于分散的物流配送网络不利于低物流成本运作。垂直电子商务物流配送模式选择研究可以充分了解各种配送模式的特点和实用范围，可以帮助垂直电商结合自身点选择合理的物流配送模式，制定合理的配送体系，从而降低物流成本。
电子商务的优越性在于大大提高了商务活动的水平和服务质量，而垂直电子商务大多为直接为终端消费者服务。如果配送模式使用不当，往往会出现配送时间过长，未真正实现送货上门。从而影响物流效率和服务质量。因而垂直电子商务物流配送模式选择研究为电子商务配送应用提供了理论依据，垂直电子是商务配送模式研究有助于垂直电商提高物流效率和服务质量。与发达国家电子商务是建立在高效的现代物流基础上不同，我国的电子商务是由传统物流向现代物流的道路上展开的，物流配送体系的相对落后导致电子商务高效快捷的优势不能体现出来。垂直电子商务配送模式的研究有助于物流配送模式的优化，从而帮助我国垂直电子商务突破行业的制约。物流业不断创新与发展是电子商务蓬勃发展的重要推动因素。
本课题在借鉴前人研究的基础上，从电子商务企业如何选择物流模式的角度来研究电子商务物流，分析了三种典型的电子商务物流模式：自行组建物流配送系统的模式；第三方物流的模式；以及近年来开始出现的物流联盟的模式，采用AHP层次分析法进行定量分析和定性的物流决策方法分析。结合我国电子商务物流现状，提出了电子商务企业物流模式选择的评价方法，并通过案例进行验证，最后对我国垂直电子商务物流配送模式提出了建议。
二、 毕业论文的研究现状和发展趋势
1﹑国内研究现状
近年来，随着知识经济的发展和信息公路的建设，众多的垂直电子商务企业的崛起，物流配送的重要性逐渐被认识，越来越多的文献就关于垂直电子商务企业物
［1］流配送的研究做了不同观点的阐述与分析。如王虹（2013）介绍了电子商务的活动
现状：人们对物流缺乏正确的理解和认识，观念陈旧、商业环境相对落后、物流基础设施布局不合理、物流企业经营管理体制落后，物流企业服务水平亟待提高和物流人才严重缺乏。杨晨(2013)［2］提出我国“物流瓶颈”形成的原因包括长期以来，由于受计划经济的影响，我国物流社会化程度低，设施利用率低，布局不合理，重复建设，资金浪费严重；网络无法解决物流问题；目前呈现出重商流、轻物流，重信息网、轻物流网的倾向比较严重；物流基础设施还不能适应物流发展的需要和管理体制和服务水平的落后，以及物流人才的匮乏。针对以上种种莫翠梅提出建立与完
善法规政策，加强基础设施的投入、树立物流信用体系，提高科技含量的对策。长期以来“物流瓶颈”问题一直都是电子商务企业的主要问题之一，信息流、商流、资金流都能在高速发展的网络上完成，唯独是物流，它是商品的物理移动过程。
分析电子商务的物流瓶颈，更有的学者深入的着重于我国垂直电子商务模式企业的物流配送瓶颈问题进行分析。郭琳(2012)［3］认为垂直电子商务环境下物流配送的最大特点就是用户分散且距离远近不同，面对庞大和分散的消费者，电子商务运营商要想抓住每一个客户，除了要提供物美价廉的商品外，更要能让消费者在尽可能短的时间内享受到商品或服务带给他们的乐趣和福利。概括垂直电子商务企业主要有邮政体系配送(特别是EMS体系)的物流模式、网站自建配送的物流模式和借助第三方物流企业的模式以及网站与传统商业结合的模式。张成志（2012）指出了垂直电子商务的物流配送应积极发展第三方物流、加快发展物流行业联盟及信息交流、适当发展自建物流和充分利用邮政物流的配送方式的相应对策。文献主要观点是支持垂直电子商务企业发展第三利润源，将企业的物流配送外包。毕竟就现阶段我国垂直电子商务企业在垂直电子商务环境下的物流配送需要面对的顾客数量极多,要做到具有快速及时、准确无误、安全优质高效、低成本是极为复杂的。宁志明（2012）［5］［4］强调我国垂直电子商务企业，大部分着重于在网站上的销售业绩，能有效的进行电子商务经营，为实现最大利润化目的在资金的问题上企业不得不考虑将物流配送外包，将物流配送系统的各大问题交由第三方物流来完成，从而专注于商品的销售。
无可厚非发展第三利润源对我国垂直电子商务企业来说是一条不错的物流配送
［6］经营模式。但王乐鹏、刘轩、张世翔（2011）却有独特的见解，他们提出我国垂直
电子商务企业要取得长期的发展，必须要有灵活高效的物流配送体系与之相匹配，提出物流配送体系必须做到以下几点：物流管理柔性化、物流服务系列化、配送流程自动化和物流配送信息化。阐述垂直电子商务的物流体系水平不一，经营模式各不相同，概括为以下四种类型：企业自营配送模式、外包给第三方的物流配送模式、
［7］自营和外包相结合的配送模式以及共同配送模式。王建新（2012）着重提出垂直企
业应根据自身的战略目标、企业规模、行业特点选择合适的配送模式。张建奇（2012）［8］认为企业自营配送模式适合于A企业，并不代表它就适应于B企业，或许垂直电子商务企业更多的适应于外包给第三方的物流配送模式。每个企业都有自身的经营特点，选择适合的配送模式尤为重要。
综上所述，目前国内对垂直企业物流配送探讨的文献大致分为三类：对现阶段电子商务物流配送问题的剖析优化物流体系、在“物流瓶颈”剖析的基础上支持发展第三方物流以及针对企业的自身经营选择相适应模式的研究。B2C企业要能长期发展就要把住消费者这一关，为零散客户提供快速便捷的服务是我国B2C企业物流配送的当务之急，必须从物流配送这一关做起，毕竟网上购物能与客户面对面的就只有配送这一关，能使消费者对企业的初步认知也在这一点上。增加便利性的服务是旗下垂直电子商务企业的当务之事。
2﹑国外研究现状
［9］ 国外的文献对垂直电子商务的探讨要更丰富和深入，A S Hornby（2011）
着重于分析垂直电子商务企业的销售业绩和市场的开发，对垂直电子商务企业的信息流、商流、资金流的细述，而极少的文献会就关于电子商务企业物流配送做专题的论述。纵使有有关于物流配送的文献，但主要是结合其本国、本区域的经济发展情况而论，各国的经济发展不一，物流配送模式的建立与运作也不同。从20世纪60年代起，货物配送的合理化在美国就已经普遍得到重视，发展至今，物流配送体系已相对的成熟。如美国的亚马逊书店是世界上销售量最大的书店，物流是亚马逊促销的手段、开源节流是亚马逊促销成功的保证、完善的物流系统是亚马逊生存与发展的命脉；在欧洲诸国，尤其是德国，近10年来德国的物流配送己经摈弃了商品从产地到销地的传统配送模式，基本形成了商品从产地到集散中心，从集散中心(有时通过不止一个集散中心)到达最终客户的现代模式。各国的物流配送模式都结合了其本国的国情，故此论述我国垂直电子商务企业的物流配送,要结合我国的经济发展状况而言，国外较为成熟的物流体系对我国B2C企业物流配送未来的发展有着重大启示。
与发达国家的电子商务是建立在高效的现代物流的基础上不同，我国的电子商
［10］务是在传统物流向现代物流发展的道路上。Sally Bush（2011）从现实的约束为
条件建立理论，从B2C配送模式选择、物流配送等基层作业实施以及物流配送的系统化三个方面着手提出增值性的物流服务，从而引出：“第四方物流”，并且结合国内各大垂直企业网站案例进行分析说明，以及国家政策对我国B2C电子商务企业发展的影响，以便能够更加清楚地理解我国电子商务企业在现行约束条件下的选择以及这个选择给电子商务物流配送现状带来的影响，为我国垂直电子商务的发展提供有效的经验参考。
三、毕业论文的研究方案及工作计划
1.论文主要研究内容
本论文着眼于垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式选择研究，共分为五章，各章主要内容如下：
第1章为绪论，主要介绍选题背景，选题意义，以及研究的主要内容。
第2章主要详细论述了国内外垂直电子商务物流配送模式的发展状况。
第3章介绍了垂直电子商务企业可以采用的多种配送模式及其分析。
第4章在分析了各自配送模式特点的基础上，根据垂直电子商务自身，提出如何选择相适应的物流配送模式。
第5章是对全文的总结和展望，总结了本文的结论和创新点以及有待进一步研究的问题。
2.论文工作重点及难点
在确定论文题目之后，对于整篇文章重点的就是要考虑在垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式的探索，且要找出适合我国的垂直电子商务企业物流配送模式。同样
这些也是难点，还需要查阅和借鉴专家学者们研究的成果，进而得出自己论文的提纲及大致方向。在完成论文三稿定稿之后，要充分准备论文的答辩。
3.论文进程表
四、主要参考文献
[1] 王虹.浅析电子商务环境下物流配送模式研究[J].科技创业月刊,2013,(04): 44-45
[2] 杨晨.我国B2C电子商务物流配送模式研究[J].现代工业经济和信息化,2013,(12): 85-86
[3] 郭琳.电子商务物流配送模式比较—以淘宝网与京东商城为例[J].商业时代,2013,
(16): 42-43
[4] 张成志，赵亮.电子商务下的物流配送模式研究[J].物流技术,2012,31(10): 66-67
[5] 宁志明.B2C电子商务环境下物流配送模式研究[J].物流技术,2012,31(7): 146-147
[6] 王乐鹏,刘轩,张世翔.B2C电子商务企业物流配送模式选择研究[J].商业经济,2012,(9): 42-43
[7] 王建新.电子商务物流配送模式分析[J].科技信息,2012,(32): 77-78
[8] 张建奇.B2C电子商务物流配送模式探讨及研究[J].物流工程与管理,2012,34(06): 21-22
[9] A S Hornby. Research on Logistics Distribution Mode for E-commerce Businesses
[J].Logistics Management,2011,23(23): 47-48
[10]Sally Bush.Study on Logistics Distribution Mode of B2C E-commerce[J].Logistics
and Transportation Review,2011,34(4):105-107
China's B2C e-commerce type of logistics and distribution
【Abstract】 This paper attempts to restrict the present stage of development constraints B2C e-commerce as a hypothetical structural model to understand e-commerce businesses in this under optimizing selection, and the combination of case analysis, and then make relevant policy recommendations. As this stage, the absence of the credit system, choose the delivery door of the distribution model is B2C e-commerce site through the default risk onto themselves in order to win consumer confidence in the product. However, triggered the higher the cost of the site had made through the establishment of distribution costs of such price discrimination means abandoning some of meager profits, demand the most densely concentrated within a small business, while leading consumers to turn over a single consumption for the consumer alone. In addition, from the distribution system itself, the timing of the B2C e-commerce market has led to the status quo; online stores and traditional outlets comparative advantage can only be reflected in prices. On this basis, e-commerce business and government, relevant recommendations.
Key words： B2C mode of e-commerce, logistics and distribution, comparative advantages
1. Introduction
Although not yet fully universal, the concept of e-commerce has been as PC prices continue to decline in cost of Internet use and Internet connection into the lower rate continues to accelerate gradually been taking root. Commercial business-to-consumer business model (Business to Consumer, referred to as B2C) e-commerce transactions as a model, albeit with only a small fraction of the annual total value of transactions, however, and the vast majority of consumers very closely. As we all know, China's late start e-commerce, whether it is the network infrastructure, security systems or the management of the relevant laws and regulations, reputation mechanisms are rather imperfect, in which case there can be no B2C portal, go too far. However, there are still a number of our country, like excellence, Dang dang these networks started out the first wave of B2C e-commerce site in 2001 has withstood the severe test of dot-com bubble burst in the face of the status quote of China's e-commerce.
2. Literature Review
Distribution refers to the economic rationality within the area, according to the user's requirements, selection of items, processing, packaging, partition, group distribution and other operations, and on time delivery of logistics activities in designated locations. The field of B2C e-commerce refers to e-commerce website received a consumer under the orders after the realization of tangible goods from the upstream suppliers to the consumer space and time to transfer. Accordance with the processes and trading partners, the entire logistics chain of e-commerce website is divided into home from the ordering, storing, and sorting and stocking down at home, with the process of loading and transportation of the two. Although the upstream suppliers will undoubtedly affect the transaction costs of logistics and distribution chain, and speed, but with the acceleration of the process of logistics information technology, logistics and distribution upstream speed increases and cost reduction can be achieved through the database docking. In comparison, the goods to consumers in this part is directly related to consumer evaluation of B2C e-commerce site, it seems more important. This paper studies the distribution pattern refers only to goods sent to the consumer from the site of the downstream distribution process.
B2C e-commerce enterprises to adopt at this stage of the logistics and distribution
model is essentially divided into three categories: built-in implementation services, that company's own logistics management; traditional distribution channels, that is, from manufacturers to send goods directly to customers; third-party logistics (Third Party Logistics, 3PL) from a third party outside of the demand side of the supply part or all of the use of the supply side to demand-side resources through the contract to provide logistics services, also known as outsourcing, contract logistics. of e-business - logistics, information flow and cash flow starting to explore the relationship between the importance of logistics; also has three elements and scholars from the future development trend of the starting expounded the necessity of establishing a modern logistics system. If Liang Yang jun (2003) considered that, due to consumers online ordering and selection of payment method, with the network bandwidth, network security technology improvement and the establishment of Internet banking, they (information flow and capital flow) achieved is no longer a B2C model of the main bottlenecks; so the problem lies in delivery aspects, namely, logistics and distribution problems.
Another scholar at the present stage of China's logistics and distribution problems in the development of technology, cost, management, and human resources were discussed, pointing out that the modernization of logistics long way to go. In recent years, with a number of B2C e-commerce businesses using third-party logistics, a lot of calls on the analysis or third-party logistics literature came into being. These documents analyzed, using third-party logistics companies to significantly reduce operating costs and the required inventory, consumers can also get faster and more high-quality service, truly a "capital flow, information flow, logistics," the unity, and therefore a a win-win choice. Of course, there are some scholars, such as ZHU Guan Yin (2003), referring to the independent operation of logistics and distribution agent is also involved in property ownership will lead to risk liability, costs cost, product quality, and dispute resolution aspects of legal issues.
Three. B2C Distribution pattern analysis
On China's current situation of e-commerce development, due to a sound credit system has not been established, online shopping fraud cases, as well as newspapers and magazines a lot of negative reports on the frequent e-commerce businesses, enabling people are always skeptical about e-commerce, fear not on track to close to the quality of the goods or the goods do not conform with their expectations. With the largest proportion of online shopping book, for example, although the standardization of quality assessment to determine their likely than other commodities, but there are also that they are not the same version, the wrong page missing pages, piracy and so on. Lack of credibility in the face of the current e-commerce of this constraint, in order to attract a higher degree of risk aversion of customers to join the ranks of online shopping which, B2C e-commerce businesses the only way out is to breach of contract to transfer risk to themselves, which is now Most of B2C e-commerce sites to provide consumers with a free or fee home delivery and cash on delivery service. This "single hand cold number-crunching" approach despite. is minimal. Let us choose the way of e-commerce distribution constraints in decision-making assumptions as follows:
Suppose one, with the spread of personal computers, access the network to continuously reduce costs, coupled with the increase in the number of e-commerce sites and services to improve, more and more people will be willing to try to use this form of shopping online trading activities . Thus, e-commerce businesses operating conditions of an area is constantly turn for the better;
Assumption 2, if an e-commerce enterprises to provide home delivery services to an
area and will be even greater extent to enhance the e-commerce businesses in the region, the volume of business;
Assumption 3, the postal system can reach any place, regardless of the market prospects for its e-commerce businesses are not interested in a sense, will provide mail service in the region, because the mail Pei song will be fully transferred to the consumers, it is only for businesses earnings suffered no loss.
Assumption 4, the best ratio of distribution costs of the transfer, the best selling price, the best delivery time in the model as exogenous variables which are, demand increases and is only concerned with the distribution mode selection; and assume that e-business expansion decisions do not consider the competitive pressures less advanced e-commerce businesses.
According to assumption 3, let the initial state only when the demand for mail services, the rate of change subject to Brownian motion,, where. According to our assumption is that a smaller constant.
c for e-commerce businesses, the use of the mail delivery unit of the full costs to consumers, and that c = 0;
p units of goods that the average earnings, X, said he expected sales. The use of the profit recorded for the mail;
Distribution points for the establishment of the initial fixed costs, such as leasing of land, recruitment of personnel
According to one hypothesis, if the business provides an area to send books on-site service will stimulate the local e-commerce needs, and establish distribution points on the profits recorded as follows:
In the above set conditions, enterprises will choose to enter the time T, that is the choice of timing to provide home delivery services in the region, bringing its total discounted profit maximization:
The solution of this problem must be the existence of one, when up to, that is the area of e-commerce business environment, good to a certain extent, is expected to have a good market, companies will decide in the region to establish their own distribution stations, home delivery for the areas of services, better market share.
This formula (1) to come and go as
Where
F.O.C (2)
Right (2) the nature of style analysis, we can get the following conclusions:
increases would be increased. This shows that if an e-commerce businesses can not be at a lower cost in the region to provide home delivery service, then it will delay the expansion into the region of time.
Suppose a consumer is a homogeneous, consumer utility and the price of book is inversely proportional to access time is inversely proportional with the book.
Hypothesis 2, in the [-1,1] of the interval, assuming uniform distribution in which consumers, the traditional bookstore is located in the center of the range, at the point -1, a consumer to the textbooks required for the traditional bookstore time is T. Total demand on the whole interval is D
Hypothesis three, assuming that e-businesses provide distribution costs and delivery time is inversely proportional to it, and assumed that the e-commerce businesses with a fixed ratio will Pei song to consumers. To calculate a simple, set, of which c for e-commerce enterprises in the distribution costs on this one, t, said e-commerce businesses the time promised to send books, k as a parameter, reflecting the level of distribution costs.
In order to make the model more intuitive solution, assuming that e-commerce business goal is not to do with the traditional stores under the premise of price competition, by choosing delivery time to maximize their own profits: relatively large fluctuations in demand, e-commerce enterprises to find a better status quote be willing to enter the market.
3. When the increases would be reduced. This means that if a region's development trends in the status quote emerged very good or the e-commerce businesses in the area have a good demand is expected, then these will attract the earlier and faster e-commerce businesses to enter the area.
The following model analysis with Joy nationwide distribution within the business development decisions. Is known as "China's largest audio book mall" in Joyo was released in May 2000, the main audio and video, books, software, games, gifts and other fashion cultural products. Since the birth of Joy, with patented "selected species, the audience inventory, fast delivery" of the "excellent model" for the country's most rapidly growing and radiation influential e-commerce website, has won more than 5.2 million registered users wholeheartedly supports the development of China's most visited, the highest turnover of retail Web site.
In April 2004, Joy in the original Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, three home delivery outside the city, has opened in Shenzhen, Nanjing, Jinan, Qingdao, Hangzhou, Ning bo, Fuzhou, Xiamen and other 29 cities home delivery service . The 29 cities where the five provinces ,the proportion of Internet users is just the number of residents in the province accounted for the nation's top five. This shows that these cities, the demand for online shopping () larger than in other regions. In these cities to provide home delivery services, if the cost and the same situation in other regions is expected to bring greater sales profits will not only be able to advance into the site, talks and other expenses to recover quickly, but also diluted distribution costs, resulting in decline. On the contrary in some less developed provinces such as He bey, Shan xi, although away from the headquarters in Beijing than in Guan dong Province, close to large population, but the reasons for network construction led to weak demand, without a distribution center built in these areas is reasonable. We speculate that as the network development in these areas, and excellent distribution lines quickly to keep up with.
中国B2C电子商务企业物流配送模式
【摘要】 本文试图限制当前发展阶段的限制作为假设的结构模型来理解电子商务B2C电子商务企业在这下的优化选择,并结合案例分析,然后提出相关政策建议。这个阶段,缺乏信贷体系的情况下,选择送货门分布模型的B2C电子商务网站通过违约风险到自己为了赢得消费者对产品的信心。然而,引发的成本越高的网站通过建立了分销成本的价格歧视意味着放弃一些微薄的利润,要求大多数人口集中在一个小企业,而导致消费者把单独对消费者消费。此外,从分配制度本身,B2C电子商务市场的时机导致现状;在线商店和传统媒体比较优势只能反映在价格上。在此基础上,电子商务企业和政府、相关建议。
关键词B2C电子商务模式,物流和配送,比较优势
1.介绍
虽然没有完全普及,电子商务的概念是随着个人电脑价格继续下降的成本使用互联网和互联网连接到低利率继续加速逐渐扎根。商业B2C业务模型(商业消费,称为B2C)电子商务交易模式,尽管只有一小部分的年度总额事务,然而,绝大多数的消费者非常密切。我们都知道,中国的后期开始电子商务,无论是网络基础设施、安全系统或管理相关法律法规,声誉机制相当不完善,在这种情况下,不可能有B2C门户,走得太远。然而,仍然有许多我们国家,卓越、当当这些网络开始第一波B2C电子商务网站在2001年网络泡沫破灭的经受住了严峻考验的中国电子商务的现状。
2.文献综述
分布是指区域内的经济理性,根据用户的需求,选择项目,加工、包装、分割、组织分布和其他操作,物流活动的准时交货在指定的位置。B2C电子商务是指电子商务领域的网站收到了消费者下订单后从上游供应商实现有形商品消费时间和空间转移。按照流程和贸易伙伴,整个物流链的电子商务网站分为从订购、存储、和排序和袜子在家里,装载和运输的过程。虽然上游供应商无疑会影响交易成本的物流和分销链,和速度,但随着进程的加速,物流信息技术,物流和配送上行速度增加和降低成本可以通过数据库实现对接。相比之下,消费者在这部分的货物是直接关系到消费者的B2C电子商务网站的评价,似乎更重要。本文研究了分布模式仅指货物发送到消费者的网站下游分布过程。
B2C电子商务企业采用物流和配送模型的在这个阶段基本上是分为三个类别:内置的实现服务,公司自身的物流管理,传统的分销渠道,也就是说,从制造商直接发送货物给客户,第三方物流(第三方物流,第三方物流)从需求方之外的第三方提供部分或全部的供应方面的使用需求方面的资源通过合同提供物流服务,也称为外包、合同物流。电子商务,物流,信息流和现金流开始探索物流的重要性之间的关系;也有三个元素和学者开始从未来的发展趋势阐述了建立现代物流体系的必要性。如果梁徵
(2003)认为,由于消费者在线订购和支付方式的选择,网络带宽,网络安全技术改进和建立网上银行,他们(即信息流动和资本流动)实现不再是一个B2C模式的主要瓶颈,因此,问题在于交付方面,即物流和配送问题。
另一位学者在现阶段中国的物流和配送技术的发展中存在的问题,成本,管理,和人力资源进行了探讨,指出物流的现代化长的路要走。近年来,随着大量的B2C电子商务企业使用第三方物流,很多呼吁分析或第三方物流文学应运而生。这些文档分析,使用第三方物流公司大幅降低运营成本和所需的库存,消费者也可以更快和更优质的服务,一个真正的“资本流、信息流、物流、”的统一,因此一个双赢的选择。当然,也有一些学者,如朱Guan Yin(2003),指的是独立运营的物流和分销代理还参与财产所有权将导致风险责任、费用成本、产品质量,和争议解决方面的法律问题。
3.B2C销售模式分析
在中国电子商务发展的现状,由于良好的信用体系尚未建立,网上购物诈骗案件,以及报纸和杂志很多负面报道频繁的电子商务业务,电子商务使人们总是怀疑,不要害怕有望接近商品或货物的质量不符合他们的期望。网上购物的最大比例的书,例如,尽管的标准化质量评估,以确定他们的可能性比其他商品,但也有,它们不是相同的版本,错误的页面丢失页面,盗版等等。缺乏可信度,面对当前电子商务的约束,为了吸引更高的风险厌恶程度的顾客加入网上购物的行列,B2C电子商务企业唯一的出路是违反合同来转移风险,目前大部分的B2C电子商务网站为消费者提供免费或收费送货上门、货到付款服务。尽管这种“一手冰冷的数字计算”方法。是最小的。让我们选择电子商务配送的方式约束决策假设如下:
假设一,随着个人电脑的普及,访问网络,不断降低成本,加上电子商务网站的数量的增加和服务的改善,越来越多的人愿意尝试使用这种形式的网上购物交易活动。因此,电子商务业务操作条件的区域不断好转;
假设2,如果一个电子商务企业提供送货上门服务,一个区域,将更大程度上提高电子商务企业在该地区的业务;
假设3,邮政系统可以到达任何地方,无论其电子商务业务的市场前景不感兴趣从某种意义上说,在该地区提供邮件服务,赔损会完全转移到消费者,只要企业盈利受到任何损失。
假设4,分销成本的最佳比例的转让、最好的销售价格,最好的交货时间的模型作为外生变量,需求增加,只是关心分布模式选择;和假设电子商务扩展决策不考虑竞争压力少先进的电子商务业务。
根据假设3,让初始状态只有在对邮件服务的需求,改变的速度服从布朗运动,根据我们的假设是,一个更小的常数。
c电子商务企业,使用邮件发送完整的成本转嫁给消费者,单位,c = 0;
p单位商品的平均收入,X表示,他预期销售。利润的使用邮件记录;分发点建立
最初的固定成本,如租赁的土地,招聘人员
根据一个假设,如果业务提供了一个区域发送图书现场服务会刺激当地的电子商务的需求,并建立记录点利润分配如下:
在上面的设置条件下,企业会选择进入时间T,时机的选择是在该地区提供送货上门服务,使其总贴现利润最大化:
这个问题的解决方案必须的存在,当,这是电子商务领域的业务环境中,良好的在某种程度上,预计将有一个很好的市场,公司将决定在这一地区建立自己的配送站,地区送货上门的服务,更好的市场份额。
(2)风格的本质分析,我们可以得到以下结论:
增加会增加。这表明,如果一个电子商务企业不能以更低的成本在该地区提供送货上门服务,那么它将延迟时间的在该地区扩张。
假设消费者是一个均匀、消费者效用和书的价格成反比与这本书访问时间成反比。
假设2,(1,1)的间隔,假设均匀分布的消费者,传统书店位于中心的范围,在1日消费者所需的课本传统书店时间t .总需求在整个区间是D
假设3,假设电子商务提供分销成本和交货时间成反比,和认为,电子商务企业与一个固定的比例将范Pei song消费者。计算一个简单的设置,其中c电子商务企业的分销成本,t,说电子商务企业承诺的时间送书,k作为参数,反映出分销成本的水平。
为了使模型更直观的解决方案,认为电子商务业务与传统的目标不是商店价格竞争的前提下,通过选择交货时间最大化自己的利润:
相对较大的波动的需求,电子商务企业找到一个更好的现状愿意进入这个市场。
3.当增加将会降低。这意味着,如果一个地区的发展现状趋势的出现很好的或电子商务企业在该地区有很好的需求预期,那么这些将吸引更早更快的电子商务企业进入该地区。
下面的模型分析与卓越网全国分布在业务发展决策。被称为“中国最大的有声书商城”卓越网发布2000年5月,主要的音频和视频,书籍、软件、游戏、礼物和其他时尚文化产品。卓越网的诞生以来,专利”选择的物种,观众库存,快速交货”“优秀模式”的国家最快速增长和辐射影响力的电子商务网站,赢得了超过520万的注册用户竭诚支持中国访问量最大的的发展,营业额最高的零售网站。
2004年4月,卓越网在原来的北京、上海和广州,三个城外送货上门,已在深圳、南京、济南、青岛、杭州、宁波、福州、厦门和其他29个城市送货上门服务。29个城市五省(广东、浙江、福建、山东、江苏)互联网用户的比例是省内的居民数量占全国前五。这表明这些城市,对网上购物的需求比其他地区。在这些城市提供送货上门服务,如果成本,同样的情况在其他地区预计将带来更大的销售利润将不仅能够推进到网站,谈判和其他费用迅速恢复,但也稀释分销成本,导致下降。相反在一些欠发
达省份如河北、山西,虽然远离总部在北京比在广东省,靠近人口众多,但网络建设的原因导致需求疲弱,没有配送中心建立在这些领域是合理的。我们推测,随着网络发展在这些领域,和优秀的配电线迅速跟上。