26个字母组合及其的发音规则
20个元音
[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g]
[N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A]
[F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu]
[au][ts][dz]
48个国际音标表
元音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]
短元音
[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]
8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]
辅音
10对
清辅音
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]
浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]
3个鼻音
[m][n][N]
3个似拼音
[h][r][l]
2个半元音
[w][j]
a
在开音节中
[ei]
name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中
[ ]
bag dad hat map black back
e
在开音节中
[i:]
he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在开音节中
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中
[i]
fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在开音节中
[Eu]
those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中
[C]
clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
[Q]
bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中, 元音字母u 在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音, 例如:June blue ruler super
二, 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
[E]
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[E]
hundred student open weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[E]/[i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
[E]
second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu]
also zero photo
u
[E]
autumn diffcult
[ju:]
popular congratulation January
动词中的a 如果处在开音节位置,a 读[ei]音, 例如:operate
u 处在开音节位置, 又在辅音字母j l r s后面时, 读[u(:)]音, 例如:July influence February issue
三, 元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a 在[w]音后面
[C]
want what watch wash quality
a 在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i 在-nd -ld和gh 前
[ai]
find child light high
o 在-st -ld前
[Eu]
most postcard old cold
o 在m n v th前
[Q]
come monkey love mother
四,-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ar
ar 在[w]音后面
[a:]
car farm dark sharpener
[C:]
warm quarter towards
or
or 在[w]音后面
[C:]
forty morning short
[E:]
word worker worse
er ir ur
[E:]
certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r 双写时, 前面的元音字母不能与r 构成-r 音节, 而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音. 例如: carry sorry hurry
-r 音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音, 例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五,-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
are
[a:E]
care dare hare
ere
[iE]
here mere
ire
[aiE]
fire hire wire
ore
[C:]
more score before
ure
[ju:E]
pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure 在非重读音节中读[E]音, 例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr, 再加非重读元字组时, 重读元音字母应按-re 音节拼读规则拼读, 字母Rr 读[r]音. 例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六, 元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ai/ay
[ei]
afraid rain wait day play
air
[aiE]
air hair chair pair repair
al 在f m前
[C]
small ball talk wall all
always also salt almost bald
[a:]
half calm
au/aw
[C:]
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iE]
hear dear near clear year
[εE]
bear pear wear
[E:]
earth learn early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
eer
[iE]
pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei]
eight neighbour they
[i:]
either key
eu/ew在
j l r s后
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[u:]
flew brew
ie/ei[s]音之后
[i:]
piece field receive
oa
[Eu]
coat Joan boat goal
[C:]
roar board door floor
oi/oy
[Ci]
noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au]
flower house count down
[Eu]
know row throw though
[Q]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
[C:]
course your four
[auE]
our hour ours
[C:]
journey
ui
在j l r s后
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition
[u:]
juice fruit suit
七, 非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群
读 音
例 词
ai/ay ei/ey
[i]
Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[Eu]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[Fn]
impression nation
-sion 在元音字母后
[Vn]
vision decision occasion
-tion 在s 后
[tFE n]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
-sure
[VE]
pleasure measure
-ture
[tFE]
picture culture
八, 元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号, 但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读. 例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[ ]
blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展, 前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义, 融合成为一个词. 其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.
例如:
sun 太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy 神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break 中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐
cup 茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九, 辅字组的读音
辅字组
读 音
例 词
b
[b]
bike bus bag
[/]
bomb tomb
c
c 在e 前或在i/y前
[k]
cake picture coat music
[s]
face decide cinema ch
[tF]
much chick rich teacher
[k]
school headache chemistry
[F]
machine
-ck
[k]
cock pocket black knock d
[d]
doctor bread hand day -dge
[dV]
bridge fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver drink f
[f]
five four breakfast g
g 在e i/y前
[^]
bag gardon go
[dV]
orange large German gh
[f]
cough enough
[/]
light daughter high gu- -gue
gu 在非重读音节中
[^]
guess league dialogue
[^w]
language anguish h
[h]
hot head house hand
[/]
hour honest
j
[dV]
jeep jar joke join July k
[k]
kind bike skate make week kn-
[n]
knife know knock l
[l]
life milk school tall m
[m]
monkey come autumn -mn
[m]
autumn column
n
n 在[k] [g]音前
[n]
not shine ten note
[N]
uncle thank hungry -ng
[N]
morning young wrong p
[p]
paper plane pig ship pen ph
[f]
elephant photo telephone q
[k]
Iraq
qu-
[kw]
quality quite
r
[r]
red rubber ruler s 在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前
[s]
sit sleep desk
[z]
music husband sc-
[sk]
scarlet
[s]
muscle science sh
[F]
she fish shirt wash t 在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前
[t]
ten letter meet
[F]
patient nation
tch
[tF]
watch
th 在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中
[θ]
thin thirty method
[T]
the these with than
[T]
clothe father weather tr-
[tr]
tree train country truck v
[v]
very voice love leave w
[w]
week win wake sweet wait
[/]
answer two
wh-
wh-在字母o 前
[w]
what when white why
[h]
who whose whole
x
在重读元音前
[ks]
box text exercise
[gz]
examle exist exact
wr-
[r]
write
y-
[j]
yes yard yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo
重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节. 用音标标记双音节, 多音节词的读音时, 应使用重读符号. 单音节词多数是重读音节, 标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.
开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节. 例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母, 再加一个不发音字母e 构成的重读音节. 例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.
闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外) 且以辅字组结尾的重读音节. 例如:bag egg fish not cup 多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.
例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词, 在-ic 或-sion,-tion 前的一个音节上重读. 例如:scientific impression nation
26个字母组合及其的发音规则
20个元音
[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g]
[N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A]
[F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu]
[au][ts][dz]
48个国际音标表
元音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]
短元音
[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]
8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]
辅音
10对
清辅音
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]
浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]
3个鼻音
[m][n][N]
3个似拼音
[h][r][l]
2个半元音
[w][j]
a
在开音节中
[ei]
name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中
[ ]
bag dad hat map black back
e
在开音节中
[i:]
he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在开音节中
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中
[i]
fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在开音节中
[Eu]
those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中
[C]
clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
[Q]
bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中, 元音字母u 在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音, 例如:June blue ruler super
二, 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
[E]
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[E]
hundred student open weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[E]/[i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
[E]
second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu]
also zero photo
u
[E]
autumn diffcult
[ju:]
popular congratulation January
动词中的a 如果处在开音节位置,a 读[ei]音, 例如:operate
u 处在开音节位置, 又在辅音字母j l r s后面时, 读[u(:)]音, 例如:July influence February issue
三, 元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a 在[w]音后面
[C]
want what watch wash quality
a 在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i 在-nd -ld和gh 前
[ai]
find child light high
o 在-st -ld前
[Eu]
most postcard old cold
o 在m n v th前
[Q]
come monkey love mother
四,-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ar
ar 在[w]音后面
[a:]
car farm dark sharpener
[C:]
warm quarter towards
or
or 在[w]音后面
[C:]
forty morning short
[E:]
word worker worse
er ir ur
[E:]
certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r 双写时, 前面的元音字母不能与r 构成-r 音节, 而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音. 例如: carry sorry hurry
-r 音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音, 例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五,-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
are
[a:E]
care dare hare
ere
[iE]
here mere
ire
[aiE]
fire hire wire
ore
[C:]
more score before
ure
[ju:E]
pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure 在非重读音节中读[E]音, 例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr, 再加非重读元字组时, 重读元音字母应按-re 音节拼读规则拼读, 字母Rr 读[r]音. 例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六, 元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ai/ay
[ei]
afraid rain wait day play
air
[aiE]
air hair chair pair repair
al 在f m前
[C]
small ball talk wall all
always also salt almost bald
[a:]
half calm
au/aw
[C:]
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iE]
hear dear near clear year
[εE]
bear pear wear
[E:]
earth learn early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
eer
[iE]
pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei]
eight neighbour they
[i:]
either key
eu/ew在
j l r s后
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[u:]
flew brew
ie/ei[s]音之后
[i:]
piece field receive
oa
[Eu]
coat Joan boat goal
[C:]
roar board door floor
oi/oy
[Ci]
noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au]
flower house count down
[Eu]
know row throw though
[Q]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
[C:]
course your four
[auE]
our hour ours
[C:]
journey
ui
在j l r s后
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition
[u:]
juice fruit suit
七, 非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群
读 音
例 词
ai/ay ei/ey
[i]
Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[Eu]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[Fn]
impression nation
-sion 在元音字母后
[Vn]
vision decision occasion
-tion 在s 后
[tFE n]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
-sure
[VE]
pleasure measure
-ture
[tFE]
picture culture
八, 元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号, 但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读. 例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[ ]
blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展, 前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义, 融合成为一个词. 其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.
例如:
sun 太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy 神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break 中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐
cup 茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九, 辅字组的读音
辅字组
读 音
例 词
b
[b]
bike bus bag
[/]
bomb tomb
c
c 在e 前或在i/y前
[k]
cake picture coat music
[s]
face decide cinema ch
[tF]
much chick rich teacher
[k]
school headache chemistry
[F]
machine
-ck
[k]
cock pocket black knock d
[d]
doctor bread hand day -dge
[dV]
bridge fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver drink f
[f]
five four breakfast g
g 在e i/y前
[^]
bag gardon go
[dV]
orange large German gh
[f]
cough enough
[/]
light daughter high gu- -gue
gu 在非重读音节中
[^]
guess league dialogue
[^w]
language anguish h
[h]
hot head house hand
[/]
hour honest
j
[dV]
jeep jar joke join July k
[k]
kind bike skate make week kn-
[n]
knife know knock l
[l]
life milk school tall m
[m]
monkey come autumn -mn
[m]
autumn column
n
n 在[k] [g]音前
[n]
not shine ten note
[N]
uncle thank hungry -ng
[N]
morning young wrong p
[p]
paper plane pig ship pen ph
[f]
elephant photo telephone q
[k]
Iraq
qu-
[kw]
quality quite
r
[r]
red rubber ruler s 在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前
[s]
sit sleep desk
[z]
music husband sc-
[sk]
scarlet
[s]
muscle science sh
[F]
she fish shirt wash t 在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前
[t]
ten letter meet
[F]
patient nation
tch
[tF]
watch
th 在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中
[θ]
thin thirty method
[T]
the these with than
[T]
clothe father weather tr-
[tr]
tree train country truck v
[v]
very voice love leave w
[w]
week win wake sweet wait
[/]
answer two
wh-
wh-在字母o 前
[w]
what when white why
[h]
who whose whole
x
在重读元音前
[ks]
box text exercise
[gz]
examle exist exact
wr-
[r]
write
y-
[j]
yes yard yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo
重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节. 用音标标记双音节, 多音节词的读音时, 应使用重读符号. 单音节词多数是重读音节, 标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.
开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节. 例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母, 再加一个不发音字母e 构成的重读音节. 例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.
闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外) 且以辅字组结尾的重读音节. 例如:bag egg fish not cup 多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.
例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词, 在-ic 或-sion,-tion 前的一个音节上重读. 例如:scientific impression nation