1、Automation may be defined as a system that is relatively self-operating. Such a system includes complex mechanical and electronic devices and computer-based system that take the place of observation, effort, and decision by a human operator. It is a system that exhibits properties of human beings by following predetermined operations or responding to encoded instructions.
自动化可以定义为一个相对自营的系统，这样一个系统包含了复杂的机械、电子设备和计算机系统，计算机系统代替了人类的监控、工作以及决策。这是一种展现出人类预先决策及响应信号特性的编码指令系统。
2、Most integrated CAD\CAM systems perform the following key manufacturing functions: ● Preliminary and detailed designs and drafting
● Solid geometric modeling
● Testing and analyzing models
● Finite element modeling
● Generating cutter-line output files for NC machines
● Process planning and group technology
大多数集成了CAD\CAM的系统可完成以下关键制造功能：
初步设计与绘图、实体几何建模、测试分析模块、有限元分析模块、用于数控机床切割线的输出文件、过程规划与成组技术。
3、Since the advent computer technology, manufacturing professionals have wanted to automate the design process and use the database developed therein for automating manufacturing processes. Computer-aided design \computer-aided manufacturing, when successfully implemented, should remove the “wall ” that has traditionally existed between the design and manufacturing components.
随着计算机技术的降临，制造业专业人士希望设计过程自动化，并且运用数据库开发制造过程自动化。计算机辅助设计与计算机辅助制造成功的实施，移去了传统制造业中存在于设计部门与制造部门间的那堵墙。
4、Pro/ENGINEER provides engineers with a revolutionary approach to mechanical design automation based on a unique, parametric, feature-based solid modeling technology. The product family consists of Pro/ENGINEER, the flagship product, and an array of application-specific products that address the complete spectrum of mechanical design-through-manufacturing processes.
Pro/ENGINEER为工程师提供了一个革命性的机械设计自动化方式，这种方式基于人性化、参数化、基于特征的实体建模技术。Pro/ENGINEER的产品系列包括旗舰产品，和一系列特定应用产品，它们用于完成从机械设计到机械制造过程的范畴。
5、A numerical control machine tool system contains a machine control unit (MCU) and the machine tool itself. The MCU is further divided into two elements: the data processing unit (DPU) and the control loops unit (CLU). The DPU processes the coded data from the tape or other media and passes information on the position of each axis, required direction of motion, feed rate, and auxiliary functions control signals to the CLU.
数控机床包含一个机床控制单元和机床本体，控制单元进一步可划分为两部分：数据处理单元和控制回路单元。数据处理单元处理来自于磁带或其他存储媒介上的数据编码，并将与位置、运动方向、进给速度有关的处理信息传递到每一个轴上，并将辅助功能控制信号传递到控制回路单元中。
6、the development of the microprocessor allowed for the development of programmable logic controllers (PLC) and microcomputers. These two technologies allowed for the development of computer numerical control (CNC). With CNC, each machine tool has a PLC or a microcomputer that serves the same purpose. This allows programs to be input and stored at each individual machine tool.
微处理器的发展供可编程序控制器和微计算机的发展所用，这两种技术又供计算机数控系统的发展所用。计算机数控系统，每一台机床都具备一个可编程序逻辑控制器或者一个微计算机，它们起到同一个作用，即每一台机床程序的输入与存储。
7、Numerical control machines are classified in different ways. An early method was to
categorize them as being either point-to-point or continuous-path machines. Point-to-point，as the name implies, move in a series of steps from one point to the next. Point-to-point machines are less sophisticated and less precise than continuous-path machines. Continuous-path machines move uniformly and evenly along the cutting path rather than through a series of horizontal and vertical steps. Such machines are more sophisticated and require more memory in the MCU than point-to-point machine.
数控机床有很多种分类方法，早期的方法是将它们分为点位机床与连续轨迹机床。点位机床，顾名思义，运动从一个点向下一个点，点位机床与连续轨迹机床相比不够精确。连续轨迹机床沿切割轨迹匀速运动，而不是通过一步步的水平、垂直的插补运动，这种机床比起点位机床，更加精确，对数据处理单元的内存要求更高。
8、A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is an individual machine or group of machines served by an automated materials handling system that is computer controlled and has a tool handling capability. Because of its tool handling capability and computer control, such a system can be continually reconfigured to manufacture a wide variety of parts. This is why it is called a flexible manufacturing system.
柔性制造系统是一台机器或一组机器用于一个由计算机控制的并具有使用工具的能力的物料自动处理系统。因为它可以使用工具并有计算机控制，这种系统可以不断地重新配置到其他各种各样的零件制造中。这就是为什么我们称它为柔性制造系统的原因。
9、manufacturing automation protocol(MAP) is a communications standard developed to
promote compatibility among automated manufacturing systems produced by different vendors. It allows different machines to talk to each other. It was originally developed by the General Motors Corporation to help them increase productivity so that they could be competitive with foreign automobile manufacturing firms. There are now international MAP user groups that have input into the ongoing development an improvement of MAP.
制造自动化协议是为了实现由不同商家提供的自动化制造系统间的兼容而开发出来的通信协议，可完成不同机器之间的对话。该协议最初是由通用汽车公司为了帮助他们提高生产能力以便能和国外汽车制造商竞争而开发出来的。现在国际上有一些MAP 的用户集团有根据正在进行的开发与改进对MAP 协议增添了一些新内容。
10、Design attribute group, Classification and coding systems that use design attributes as the qualifying criteria fall into this group. Commonly used design attributes include: Dimensions, Tolerances, Shape, Finish, Material. Manufacturing attribute group, classification and coding systems that use manufacturing attributes as the qualifying criteria fall into this group. Commonly used manufacturing attributes include the following: Production processes, Operational sequence, Production time, Tools required, Fixtures required, Batch size.
把设计属性作为准则的等级制与编码系统划分为设计属性组，常用的设计属性包括：尺寸、公差、形状、精加工、材料。把制造属性作为准则的等级与编码系统划分为制造属性组，常用的制造属性包括：生产加工过程，操作顺序，生产时间，所需刀具，所需设备，批量大小。
1、Automation may be defined as a system that is relatively self-operating. Such a system includes complex mechanical and electronic devices and computer-based system that take the place of observation, effort, and decision by a human operator. It is a system that exhibits properties of human beings by following predetermined operations or responding to encoded instructions.
自动化可以定义为一个相对自营的系统，这样一个系统包含了复杂的机械、电子设备和计算机系统，计算机系统代替了人类的监控、工作以及决策。这是一种展现出人类预先决策及响应信号特性的编码指令系统。
2、Most integrated CAD\CAM systems perform the following key manufacturing functions: ● Preliminary and detailed designs and drafting
● Solid geometric modeling
● Testing and analyzing models
● Finite element modeling
● Generating cutter-line output files for NC machines
● Process planning and group technology
大多数集成了CAD\CAM的系统可完成以下关键制造功能：
初步设计与绘图、实体几何建模、测试分析模块、有限元分析模块、用于数控机床切割线的输出文件、过程规划与成组技术。
3、Since the advent computer technology, manufacturing professionals have wanted to automate the design process and use the database developed therein for automating manufacturing processes. Computer-aided design \computer-aided manufacturing, when successfully implemented, should remove the “wall ” that has traditionally existed between the design and manufacturing components.
随着计算机技术的降临，制造业专业人士希望设计过程自动化，并且运用数据库开发制造过程自动化。计算机辅助设计与计算机辅助制造成功的实施，移去了传统制造业中存在于设计部门与制造部门间的那堵墙。
4、Pro/ENGINEER provides engineers with a revolutionary approach to mechanical design automation based on a unique, parametric, feature-based solid modeling technology. The product family consists of Pro/ENGINEER, the flagship product, and an array of application-specific products that address the complete spectrum of mechanical design-through-manufacturing processes.
Pro/ENGINEER为工程师提供了一个革命性的机械设计自动化方式，这种方式基于人性化、参数化、基于特征的实体建模技术。Pro/ENGINEER的产品系列包括旗舰产品，和一系列特定应用产品，它们用于完成从机械设计到机械制造过程的范畴。
5、A numerical control machine tool system contains a machine control unit (MCU) and the machine tool itself. The MCU is further divided into two elements: the data processing unit (DPU) and the control loops unit (CLU). The DPU processes the coded data from the tape or other media and passes information on the position of each axis, required direction of motion, feed rate, and auxiliary functions control signals to the CLU.
数控机床包含一个机床控制单元和机床本体，控制单元进一步可划分为两部分：数据处理单元和控制回路单元。数据处理单元处理来自于磁带或其他存储媒介上的数据编码，并将与位置、运动方向、进给速度有关的处理信息传递到每一个轴上，并将辅助功能控制信号传递到控制回路单元中。
6、the development of the microprocessor allowed for the development of programmable logic controllers (PLC) and microcomputers. These two technologies allowed for the development of computer numerical control (CNC). With CNC, each machine tool has a PLC or a microcomputer that serves the same purpose. This allows programs to be input and stored at each individual machine tool.
微处理器的发展供可编程序控制器和微计算机的发展所用，这两种技术又供计算机数控系统的发展所用。计算机数控系统，每一台机床都具备一个可编程序逻辑控制器或者一个微计算机，它们起到同一个作用，即每一台机床程序的输入与存储。
7、Numerical control machines are classified in different ways. An early method was to
categorize them as being either point-to-point or continuous-path machines. Point-to-point，as the name implies, move in a series of steps from one point to the next. Point-to-point machines are less sophisticated and less precise than continuous-path machines. Continuous-path machines move uniformly and evenly along the cutting path rather than through a series of horizontal and vertical steps. Such machines are more sophisticated and require more memory in the MCU than point-to-point machine.
数控机床有很多种分类方法，早期的方法是将它们分为点位机床与连续轨迹机床。点位机床，顾名思义，运动从一个点向下一个点，点位机床与连续轨迹机床相比不够精确。连续轨迹机床沿切割轨迹匀速运动，而不是通过一步步的水平、垂直的插补运动，这种机床比起点位机床，更加精确，对数据处理单元的内存要求更高。
8、A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is an individual machine or group of machines served by an automated materials handling system that is computer controlled and has a tool handling capability. Because of its tool handling capability and computer control, such a system can be continually reconfigured to manufacture a wide variety of parts. This is why it is called a flexible manufacturing system.
柔性制造系统是一台机器或一组机器用于一个由计算机控制的并具有使用工具的能力的物料自动处理系统。因为它可以使用工具并有计算机控制，这种系统可以不断地重新配置到其他各种各样的零件制造中。这就是为什么我们称它为柔性制造系统的原因。
9、manufacturing automation protocol(MAP) is a communications standard developed to
promote compatibility among automated manufacturing systems produced by different vendors. It allows different machines to talk to each other. It was originally developed by the General Motors Corporation to help them increase productivity so that they could be competitive with foreign automobile manufacturing firms. There are now international MAP user groups that have input into the ongoing development an improvement of MAP.
制造自动化协议是为了实现由不同商家提供的自动化制造系统间的兼容而开发出来的通信协议，可完成不同机器之间的对话。该协议最初是由通用汽车公司为了帮助他们提高生产能力以便能和国外汽车制造商竞争而开发出来的。现在国际上有一些MAP 的用户集团有根据正在进行的开发与改进对MAP 协议增添了一些新内容。
10、Design attribute group, Classification and coding systems that use design attributes as the qualifying criteria fall into this group. Commonly used design attributes include: Dimensions, Tolerances, Shape, Finish, Material. Manufacturing attribute group, classification and coding systems that use manufacturing attributes as the qualifying criteria fall into this group. Commonly used manufacturing attributes include the following: Production processes, Operational sequence, Production time, Tools required, Fixtures required, Batch size.
把设计属性作为准则的等级制与编码系统划分为设计属性组，常用的设计属性包括：尺寸、公差、形状、精加工、材料。把制造属性作为准则的等级与编码系统划分为制造属性组，常用的制造属性包括：生产加工过程，操作顺序，生产时间，所需刀具，所需设备，批量大小。