COMMA (逗号)
(在一系列——三个或三个以上项目之间放置一个逗号由并列连接词连接)
Caution: Do
not place commas between two items separated by and or between three items separated from one another by ands.
(警告:两个项目之间不加逗号隔开或由and三个项目之间彼此分开) Incorrect(错误的):
Correct:
Remember to place a comma before the coordinating conjunction joining the last two elements of the series. Otherwise, the intended meaning of the sentence may not be clear.
(记得把逗号并列连接词前加入的最后两个元素系列。否则,句子的含义可能不清楚。)
Confusing:
Confusing:
adjectives with no
between them.
(之间协调的形容词——与不平等的形容词之间加逗号协调它们之间的结合。) Example:
Incorrect:
3. Before FANBOYS between Independent Clauses in Compound Sentences (之前粉丝复合句句子独立子句之间的)
The war lasted for two years, but very few people supported it. (战争持续了两年,但是很少人支持它。)
Caution: Do not place a comma between two items with FANBOYS when one item is not a complete sentence.
(警告:不要将两个项目之间的逗号粉丝当一个项目不是一个完整的句子。)
Incorrect:
Caution: Do not place a comma after the FANBOY.
Incorrect:
Note: The comma may be omitted between independent clauses if a sentence is very short.(注:独立子句之间的逗号可以省略,如果一个句子很短。)
Example:
4. Nonessential Adjective Clauses / Nonessential participial phrases - Separate unneeded adjective clauses and participial phrases from the rest of the sentence. (不必要的形容词子句/不必要的分词短语--单独的不必要的定语从句和分词短语句子的其余部分)
Caution: Do not separate needed adjective clauses and participial phrases from the rest of the sentence.
(警告:不区分定语从句和分词短语与句子的其余部分。)
Incorrect:
5. Introductory Elements - Place a comma after certain introductory elements. (介绍元素——一些介绍性的元素后面加逗号。)
A. Long prepositional phrases or a succession of prepositional phrases Examples:
Note: With short introductory prepositional phrases, the comma is optional. (注意:简短的介绍性的介词短语,逗号是可选的。)
Examples:
B. Participial phrases(分词短语)
Examples:
C. Gerunds as objects of prepositions(动名词和介词的对象)
Example:
A. Parenthetical expressions and transitions (in my opinion, unfortunately, moreover, of course, as a matter of fact, indeed, for example, etc.)
括号表达式和转换(在我看来,不幸的是,此外,当然,事实上,事实上,例如,等等) Example:
Note: With short introductory prepositional phrases, the comma is optional. (注意:简短的介绍性的介词短语,逗号是可选的。)
Examples:
B. Participial phrases(分词短语)
Examples:
C. Gerunds as objects of prepositions(动名词和介词的对象)
Example:
A. Parenthetical expressions and transitions (in my opinion, unfortunately, moreover, of course, as a matter of fact, indeed, for example, etc.)
括号表达式和转换(在我看来,不幸的是,此外,当然,事实上,事实上,例如,等等) Example:
B. Nonessential Appositives (renamers) 不必要的并列
Example:
(警告:不要单独用逗号appositives至关重要。)
Incorrect:
In the
above example, the appositive is essential since there is
more than one daughter. Therefore, do not place commas around the appositive.
(在上面的例子中,同位语是至关重要的,因为不仅仅是一个女儿。因此,不加逗号同位语。) Correct:
7. Nonessential Examples Introduced by such as, especially, particularly
(特别是引入不必要的例子如,特别是) Examples:
(表达式的对比)
9. Dates and Addresses - When a date or address with several parts occurs in a sentence, place a comma between each element and after the last part.
(日期和地址——当一个日期或几个部分地址可以发生在一个句子,每个元素之间放置一个逗号和之后的最后一部分。)
Examples:
Caution: When the date or address has only one element or has its individual parts separated by words in the sentence, do not use a comma within or after the date or address.(警告:当日期和地址只有一个元素或者单词在句子中的各个部分分开,
不要使用逗号或之后日期或地址。)
Incorrect:
correct:
10. Before Confirmatory Questions - Place a comma between the confirmatory question and the statement that precedes it.(之前确认的问题——一个逗号之间的确认问题,它前面的声明。)
Example:
(老名字后跟Jr .)博士,医学博士)
(澄清,否则误读词组)
COMMA (逗号)
(在一系列——三个或三个以上项目之间放置一个逗号由并列连接词连接)
Caution: Do
not place commas between two items separated by and or between three items separated from one another by ands.
(警告:两个项目之间不加逗号隔开或由and三个项目之间彼此分开) Incorrect(错误的):
Correct:
Remember to place a comma before the coordinating conjunction joining the last two elements of the series. Otherwise, the intended meaning of the sentence may not be clear.
(记得把逗号并列连接词前加入的最后两个元素系列。否则,句子的含义可能不清楚。)
Confusing:
Confusing:
adjectives with no
between them.
(之间协调的形容词——与不平等的形容词之间加逗号协调它们之间的结合。) Example:
Incorrect:
3. Before FANBOYS between Independent Clauses in Compound Sentences (之前粉丝复合句句子独立子句之间的)
The war lasted for two years, but very few people supported it. (战争持续了两年,但是很少人支持它。)
Caution: Do not place a comma between two items with FANBOYS when one item is not a complete sentence.
(警告:不要将两个项目之间的逗号粉丝当一个项目不是一个完整的句子。)
Incorrect:
Caution: Do not place a comma after the FANBOY.
Incorrect:
Note: The comma may be omitted between independent clauses if a sentence is very short.(注:独立子句之间的逗号可以省略,如果一个句子很短。)
Example:
4. Nonessential Adjective Clauses / Nonessential participial phrases - Separate unneeded adjective clauses and participial phrases from the rest of the sentence. (不必要的形容词子句/不必要的分词短语--单独的不必要的定语从句和分词短语句子的其余部分)
Caution: Do not separate needed adjective clauses and participial phrases from the rest of the sentence.
(警告:不区分定语从句和分词短语与句子的其余部分。)
Incorrect:
5. Introductory Elements - Place a comma after certain introductory elements. (介绍元素——一些介绍性的元素后面加逗号。)
A. Long prepositional phrases or a succession of prepositional phrases Examples:
Note: With short introductory prepositional phrases, the comma is optional. (注意:简短的介绍性的介词短语,逗号是可选的。)
Examples:
B. Participial phrases(分词短语)
Examples:
C. Gerunds as objects of prepositions(动名词和介词的对象)
Example:
A. Parenthetical expressions and transitions (in my opinion, unfortunately, moreover, of course, as a matter of fact, indeed, for example, etc.)
括号表达式和转换(在我看来,不幸的是,此外,当然,事实上,事实上,例如,等等) Example:
Note: With short introductory prepositional phrases, the comma is optional. (注意:简短的介绍性的介词短语,逗号是可选的。)
Examples:
B. Participial phrases(分词短语)
Examples:
C. Gerunds as objects of prepositions(动名词和介词的对象)
Example:
A. Parenthetical expressions and transitions (in my opinion, unfortunately, moreover, of course, as a matter of fact, indeed, for example, etc.)
括号表达式和转换(在我看来,不幸的是,此外,当然,事实上,事实上,例如,等等) Example:
B. Nonessential Appositives (renamers) 不必要的并列
Example:
(警告:不要单独用逗号appositives至关重要。)
Incorrect:
In the
above example, the appositive is essential since there is
more than one daughter. Therefore, do not place commas around the appositive.
(在上面的例子中,同位语是至关重要的,因为不仅仅是一个女儿。因此,不加逗号同位语。) Correct:
7. Nonessential Examples Introduced by such as, especially, particularly
(特别是引入不必要的例子如,特别是) Examples:
(表达式的对比)
9. Dates and Addresses - When a date or address with several parts occurs in a sentence, place a comma between each element and after the last part.
(日期和地址——当一个日期或几个部分地址可以发生在一个句子,每个元素之间放置一个逗号和之后的最后一部分。)
Examples:
Caution: When the date or address has only one element or has its individual parts separated by words in the sentence, do not use a comma within or after the date or address.(警告:当日期和地址只有一个元素或者单词在句子中的各个部分分开,
不要使用逗号或之后日期或地址。)
Incorrect:
correct:
10. Before Confirmatory Questions - Place a comma between the confirmatory question and the statement that precedes it.(之前确认的问题——一个逗号之间的确认问题,它前面的声明。)
Example:
(老名字后跟Jr .)博士,医学博士)
(澄清,否则误读词组)