Scope Definition:Outputs
范围定义：成果
1 Project Scope Statement
项目范围说明书
The project scope statement describes,in detail,the project's deliverables and the work required to create those
deliverables.The project scope statement also provides a common understanding of the project scope among all project stakeholders and describes the project's major objectives.It also enables the project team to perform more detailed
planning,guides the project team's work during execution,and provides the baseline for evaluating whether requests for changes or additional work are contained within or outside the project's boundaries.
项目范围说明书详细地说明了项目的可交付成果和为提交这些可交付成果而必须开展的工作。项目范围说明书还是所有项目利害关系者对项目范围的共同理解，说明了项目的主要目标。项目范围说明书还使项目团队能够实施更详细的规划，在执行过程中指导项目团队的工作，并构成了评价变更请求或增加的工作是否超出了项目边界的基准。
The degree and level of detail to which the project scope statement defines what work will be performed and what work is excluded can determine how well the project management team can control the overall project scope.Managing the project
scope,in turn,can determine how well the project management team can plan,manage,and control the execution of the project.The detailed project scope statement includes,either directly or by reference to other documents:
项目范围说明书对于哪些工作要做和不要做的明确程度和水平，决定了项目管理团队控制整个项目范围的好坏。管理项目范围又进一步决定了项目管理团队规划、管理和控制项目执行的好坏。详细的项目范围说明书可能直接或以引用其他文件的形式间接包括如下事项：
Project objectives.Project objectives include the measurable success criteria of the project.Projects may have a wide variety of business,cost,schedule,technical,and quality objectives.Project objectives can also include cost,schedule,and quality targets.Each project objective has attributes such as cost,a metric such as United States dollars,and an absolute or relative value such as less than 1.5 million dollars.
项目目标。项目目标包括可测量的项目成功标准。项目可能有各种各样的运营方式、费用、进度、技术和质量目标。项目目标可能还包括费用、进度和质量指标。每一个项目目标都有属性，如费用目标就有以美元为计量单位，并有绝对或相对数值，例如，少于150万美元。
Product scope description.Describes the characteristics of the product,service,or result that the project was undertaken to create.These characteristics will generally have less detail in early phases and more detail in later phases as the product
characteristics are progressively elaborated.While the form and substance of the characteristics will vary,the scope description should always provide sufficient detail to support later project scope planning.
产品范围说明书。产品范围说明书说明了项目应创造的产品、服务或成果的特征。这些特征通常在早期阶段不够详细，而在以后的阶段，随着产品的特征逐步明确，产品范围说明书也就逐步详细起来。虽然这些特征的形式与实质彼此之间相差悬殊，但范围说明书应提供足够的细节配合后来的项目范围规划。
Project requirements.Describes the conditions or capabilities that must be met or possessed by the deliverables of the project to satisfy a contract,standard,specification,or other formally imposed documents.Stakeholder analyses of all stakeholder needs,wants,and expectations are translated into prioritized requirements.
项目要求说明书。项目要求说明书说明了项目可交付成果为满足合同、标准、技术规定说明书或其他正式强制性文件的要求，而必须满足的条件或必须具备的能力。对利害关系者所有需要、愿望和期望所做的利害关系者分析结果，要按照轻重缓急和重要性大小反映在项目要求说明书中。
Project boundaries.Identifies generally what is included within the project.It states explicitly what is excluded from the project,if a stakeholder might assume that a particular product,service,or result could be a component of the project.
项目边界。项目边界通常明确哪些事项属于项目的内容。如果某利害关系者认为某一具体产品、服务或成果是项目的组成部分，则项目边界清楚地说明了哪些事项不包括在项目之内。
Project deliverables.Deliverables include both the outputs that comprise the product or service of the project,as well as ancillary results,such as project management reports and documentation.Depending on the project scope statement,the deliverables may be described at a summary level or in great detail.
项目可交付成果。可交付成果既包括由项目产品、服务或成果组成的结果，也包括附带结果，如项目管理报告和文件。对可交付成果可以概括，也可以详细说明，具体视项目范围说明书的情况而定。
Product acceptance criteria.Defines the process and criteria for accepting completed products.
产品验收准则。产品验收准则确定了验收已完成产品的过程和原则。
Project constraints.Lists and describes the specific project constraints associated with the project scope that limit the team's options.For example,a predefined budget or any imposed dates（schedule milestones）that are issued by the customer or performing organization are included.When a project is performed under contract,contractual provisions will generally be
constraints.The constraints listed in the detailed project scope statement are typically more numerous and more detailed than the constraints listed in the project charter.
项目制约因素。项目制约因素列出并说明同项目范围有关并限制项目团队选择的具体项目制约因素。例如，顾客或实施组织签发的事先确定的预算或任何强加的日期（进度里程碑）。当项目根据合同实施时，合同的条文一般都是制约因素。详细的项目范围说明书列出的制约因素，一般都比项目章程列出的多而详细。
Project assumptions.Lists and describes the specific project assumptions associated with the project scope and the potential impact of those assumptions if they prove to be false.Project teams frequently identify,document,and validate assumptions as part of their planning process.The assumptions listed in the detailed project scope statement are typically more numerous and more detailed than the assumptions listed in the project charter.
项目假设。项目假设列出并说明同项目范围有关的具体项目假设，以及其在不成立时可能造成的潜在后果。项目团队经常识别、记载并验证假设，这项工作属于项目团队规划过程的一部分。详细的项目范围说明书列出的假设一般都比项目章程列出的多而详细。
Initial project organization.The members of the project team,as well as stakeholders,are identified.The organization of the project is also documented.
项目初步组织。识别了项目团队的成员与利害关系者。项目的组织也形成了文件。
Initial defined risks.Identifies the known risks.
初步确定的风险。识别了已知风险。
Schedule milestones.The customer or performing organization can identify milestones and can place imposed dates on those schedule milestones.These dates can be addressed as schedule constraints.
进度里程碑。顾客或实施组织可能识别里程碑，并为这些里程碑规定强制性日期。这些日期可以当做进度制约因素看待。
Fund limitation.Describes any limitation placed upon funding for the project,whether in total value or over specified time frames.
资金限制。说明了置于项目基金上的所有限制，包括总金额或规定的时间。
Cost estimate.The project's cost estimate factors into the project's expected overall cost,and is usually preceded by a modifier that provides some indication of accuracy,such as conceptual or definitive.
费用估算。项目的费用估算分解为项目的预期总费用，而且一般在前面加一个修饰词，指明估算的准确性，如概念（估算）或确定（估算）。
Project configuration management requirements.Describes the level of configuration management and change control to be implemented on the project.
项目配置管理要求。说明了项目实施的配置管理和变更控制水平。
Project specifications.Identifies those specification documents with which the project should comply.
项目技术规定说明书。项目技术规定说明书识别了项目应当遵守的技术规定文件。
Approval requirements.Identifies approval requirements that can be applied to items such as project
objectives,deliverables,documents,and work.
批准要求。批准要求识别了适用于诸如项目目标、可交付成果、文件和工作等事项的批准要求。
2 Requested Changes
请求的变更
Requested changes to the project management plan and its subsidiary plans may be developed during the Scope Definition process.Requested changes are processed for review and disposition through the Integrated Change Control process.
对项目管理计划及其分计划请求的变更可以在范围定义过程中提出。请求的变更通过整体变更控制过程提交审查或处置。
3 Project Scope Management Plan（Updates ）
项目范围管理计划（更新）
The project scope management plan component of the project management plan may need to be updated to include approved change requests resulting from the project's Scope Definition process.
项目范围管理计划是项目管理计划的组成部分，可能需要更新，以便将项目范围定义过程产生并批准的变更请求纳入其中。
Scope Definition:Outputs
范围定义：成果
1 Project Scope Statement
项目范围说明书
The project scope statement describes,in detail,the project's deliverables and the work required to create those
deliverables.The project scope statement also provides a common understanding of the project scope among all project stakeholders and describes the project's major objectives.It also enables the project team to perform more detailed
planning,guides the project team's work during execution,and provides the baseline for evaluating whether requests for changes or additional work are contained within or outside the project's boundaries.
项目范围说明书详细地说明了项目的可交付成果和为提交这些可交付成果而必须开展的工作。项目范围说明书还是所有项目利害关系者对项目范围的共同理解，说明了项目的主要目标。项目范围说明书还使项目团队能够实施更详细的规划，在执行过程中指导项目团队的工作，并构成了评价变更请求或增加的工作是否超出了项目边界的基准。
The degree and level of detail to which the project scope statement defines what work will be performed and what work is excluded can determine how well the project management team can control the overall project scope.Managing the project
scope,in turn,can determine how well the project management team can plan,manage,and control the execution of the project.The detailed project scope statement includes,either directly or by reference to other documents:
项目范围说明书对于哪些工作要做和不要做的明确程度和水平，决定了项目管理团队控制整个项目范围的好坏。管理项目范围又进一步决定了项目管理团队规划、管理和控制项目执行的好坏。详细的项目范围说明书可能直接或以引用其他文件的形式间接包括如下事项：
Project objectives.Project objectives include the measurable success criteria of the project.Projects may have a wide variety of business,cost,schedule,technical,and quality objectives.Project objectives can also include cost,schedule,and quality targets.Each project objective has attributes such as cost,a metric such as United States dollars,and an absolute or relative value such as less than 1.5 million dollars.
项目目标。项目目标包括可测量的项目成功标准。项目可能有各种各样的运营方式、费用、进度、技术和质量目标。项目目标可能还包括费用、进度和质量指标。每一个项目目标都有属性，如费用目标就有以美元为计量单位，并有绝对或相对数值，例如，少于150万美元。
Product scope description.Describes the characteristics of the product,service,or result that the project was undertaken to create.These characteristics will generally have less detail in early phases and more detail in later phases as the product
characteristics are progressively elaborated.While the form and substance of the characteristics will vary,the scope description should always provide sufficient detail to support later project scope planning.
产品范围说明书。产品范围说明书说明了项目应创造的产品、服务或成果的特征。这些特征通常在早期阶段不够详细，而在以后的阶段，随着产品的特征逐步明确，产品范围说明书也就逐步详细起来。虽然这些特征的形式与实质彼此之间相差悬殊，但范围说明书应提供足够的细节配合后来的项目范围规划。
Project requirements.Describes the conditions or capabilities that must be met or possessed by the deliverables of the project to satisfy a contract,standard,specification,or other formally imposed documents.Stakeholder analyses of all stakeholder needs,wants,and expectations are translated into prioritized requirements.
项目要求说明书。项目要求说明书说明了项目可交付成果为满足合同、标准、技术规定说明书或其他正式强制性文件的要求，而必须满足的条件或必须具备的能力。对利害关系者所有需要、愿望和期望所做的利害关系者分析结果，要按照轻重缓急和重要性大小反映在项目要求说明书中。
Project boundaries.Identifies generally what is included within the project.It states explicitly what is excluded from the project,if a stakeholder might assume that a particular product,service,or result could be a component of the project.
项目边界。项目边界通常明确哪些事项属于项目的内容。如果某利害关系者认为某一具体产品、服务或成果是项目的组成部分，则项目边界清楚地说明了哪些事项不包括在项目之内。
Project deliverables.Deliverables include both the outputs that comprise the product or service of the project,as well as ancillary results,such as project management reports and documentation.Depending on the project scope statement,the deliverables may be described at a summary level or in great detail.
项目可交付成果。可交付成果既包括由项目产品、服务或成果组成的结果，也包括附带结果，如项目管理报告和文件。对可交付成果可以概括，也可以详细说明，具体视项目范围说明书的情况而定。
Product acceptance criteria.Defines the process and criteria for accepting completed products.
产品验收准则。产品验收准则确定了验收已完成产品的过程和原则。
Project constraints.Lists and describes the specific project constraints associated with the project scope that limit the team's options.For example,a predefined budget or any imposed dates（schedule milestones）that are issued by the customer or performing organization are included.When a project is performed under contract,contractual provisions will generally be
constraints.The constraints listed in the detailed project scope statement are typically more numerous and more detailed than the constraints listed in the project charter.
项目制约因素。项目制约因素列出并说明同项目范围有关并限制项目团队选择的具体项目制约因素。例如，顾客或实施组织签发的事先确定的预算或任何强加的日期（进度里程碑）。当项目根据合同实施时，合同的条文一般都是制约因素。详细的项目范围说明书列出的制约因素，一般都比项目章程列出的多而详细。
Project assumptions.Lists and describes the specific project assumptions associated with the project scope and the potential impact of those assumptions if they prove to be false.Project teams frequently identify,document,and validate assumptions as part of their planning process.The assumptions listed in the detailed project scope statement are typically more numerous and more detailed than the assumptions listed in the project charter.
项目假设。项目假设列出并说明同项目范围有关的具体项目假设，以及其在不成立时可能造成的潜在后果。项目团队经常识别、记载并验证假设，这项工作属于项目团队规划过程的一部分。详细的项目范围说明书列出的假设一般都比项目章程列出的多而详细。
Initial project organization.The members of the project team,as well as stakeholders,are identified.The organization of the project is also documented.
项目初步组织。识别了项目团队的成员与利害关系者。项目的组织也形成了文件。
Initial defined risks.Identifies the known risks.
初步确定的风险。识别了已知风险。
Schedule milestones.The customer or performing organization can identify milestones and can place imposed dates on those schedule milestones.These dates can be addressed as schedule constraints.
进度里程碑。顾客或实施组织可能识别里程碑，并为这些里程碑规定强制性日期。这些日期可以当做进度制约因素看待。
Fund limitation.Describes any limitation placed upon funding for the project,whether in total value or over specified time frames.
资金限制。说明了置于项目基金上的所有限制，包括总金额或规定的时间。
Cost estimate.The project's cost estimate factors into the project's expected overall cost,and is usually preceded by a modifier that provides some indication of accuracy,such as conceptual or definitive.
费用估算。项目的费用估算分解为项目的预期总费用，而且一般在前面加一个修饰词，指明估算的准确性，如概念（估算）或确定（估算）。
Project configuration management requirements.Describes the level of configuration management and change control to be implemented on the project.
项目配置管理要求。说明了项目实施的配置管理和变更控制水平。
Project specifications.Identifies those specification documents with which the project should comply.
项目技术规定说明书。项目技术规定说明书识别了项目应当遵守的技术规定文件。
Approval requirements.Identifies approval requirements that can be applied to items such as project
objectives,deliverables,documents,and work.
批准要求。批准要求识别了适用于诸如项目目标、可交付成果、文件和工作等事项的批准要求。
2 Requested Changes
请求的变更
Requested changes to the project management plan and its subsidiary plans may be developed during the Scope Definition process.Requested changes are processed for review and disposition through the Integrated Change Control process.
对项目管理计划及其分计划请求的变更可以在范围定义过程中提出。请求的变更通过整体变更控制过程提交审查或处置。
3 Project Scope Management Plan（Updates ）
项目范围管理计划（更新）
The project scope management plan component of the project management plan may need to be updated to include approved change requests resulting from the project's Scope Definition process.
项目范围管理计划是项目管理计划的组成部分，可能需要更新，以便将项目范围定义过程产生并批准的变更请求纳入其中。