八年级下册Unit 1 单元笔记
一般将来时：
1.肯定句：
（1）will+do, She will come to have class tomorrow.(she will=she’ll)
（2）shall(用于第一人称)+do, we shall/will have a test next week.
（3）be going to do打算做..., i’m going to post that letter.
（4）be doing常用于go, come, leave, arrive动词， i’m coming.
2.否定句: 在will/shall/be后加not(will not =won't) , She will not come to have class tomorrow
3.一般疑问句：将will/shall/be提到主语前面, will she come to have class tomorrow?
4,特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句， what will the world be like in the future?
There be句型的一般将来时：
1，肯定句：there will be..., (将会有）There will be a meeting this afternoon.注:be不能换成have 2, 否定句：there won't be..., There won,t be a meeting this afternoon.
3, 一般疑问句:will there be..., 肯定回答:yes,there will.否定回答：no,there won't.
4，特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句，when will there be a meeting this afternoon?
5,there is/are going to be...也表示将会有。。。
如
1.fewer 与less及more表数量的用法。
（1）few“几乎没有,+可数名词,比较级few－fewer
a few“有一些”，+可数名词,比较级
There will be fewer trees. 将会有更少的树。
（2）little“几乎没有的”+不可数名词，比较级little－less
a little“有一些”，+不可数名词
There’s little water in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有水了。
（3more，更多，more是many和much的比较级所以more+可数名词/不可数名词。
例：There will be more people on the earth in future.
There will be more pollution on the earth in future.
2. in 与 after的区别
1）after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子。
例如：They started working after lunch. 他们是午餐后开始工作的。
2）in以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。
如：They will start working in half an hour. 他们将在半小时后开始工作。
3）在某个特定的时间以后，after也可用于将来时态的句子。
例如：They will start working after 10 am. 他们将在上午10点以后开始工作。
注： He went home after two days.=two days tater,he went home.
3. alone adv. 单独地 ，
lonely表示“孤独的"含有感情色彩."荒凉的"如: a lonely village 孤寂的村庄.
I went to the movies alone，I felt lonely. 我独自去看电影了，我觉得很孤独。
4,seem 是连系动词,意为“似乎”､“好像”
seem to do sth”似乎...”｡
例: My father seemed to know the news. 我父亲好像知道这个消息｡
Seem （to be) +n/adj ,好像...
He seems funny.
“It seems/seemed that.从句..
例如: It seemed that my father knew the news.看来我父亲知道这个消息。
5,dress, wear ,put on ,be in,
Dress表动作，dress sb/oneself. 表状态，be dressed in+衣服
Put on+衣服
Wear+衣服，帽子，手套
Be in+颜色
6，hundreds of +复数
a piece of paper一张纸
help sb with sth/help sb do sth帮助某人做某事
wake up醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”
get bored变得厌烦 keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪
八年级下册Unit 2 What should I do? 单元笔记
语法:表示建议的表达
1,should/could do sth 应该/可以做...,否定为shouldn't/couldn't do sth
2, why not do sth=why don't you do sth?
3,had better do sth 最好做...
4,what /how about doing sth?
1，either 用于否定句）也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。
too （用于肯定）也
I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。
2.except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
besides 除……以外，还有...（包括在内）
We all went there besides him．除他去以外，我们也都去了。
3，─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?
-What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。
怎么了？/你出什么事了？
4，borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 （借回来）
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借给某人（借出去）
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
例如：Could you lend me your car?
5，I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，应用陈述语序 （即 ：主语+动词）
I don’t know 我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know 我不知道该怎么去做它
6，see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事 （强调动作正在进行）
See sb do sth 看见某人做过某事 （强调动作已结束
1，get sb. to do… 使……做
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
2，ask sb. to do… 请（人）做……
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
3，tell sb. to do…让某人做某事 例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
4、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
5、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb.
6、find out （经过某人的研究、努力）发现，查出，找出
You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
7，enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)
busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)
8，be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
9，find it hard to do sth. 发现做……（事）很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难
10，spend…on +sth.=spend...( in) doing sth. 在…花钱
It takes sb. sometime to do sth.
11， buy sth for sb 为……买东西
12，ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……
you shouldn't ask your parents for some money.你不应向父母要钱。
八年级下册Unit 3 what were you doing when the ufo arrived? 单元笔记
一. 过去进行时
过去进行时的构成：
肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing
否定形式：主语+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing
疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing...回答：yes,主语+was/were.；no,主语+wasn't/weren't. 某人做某事花…的时间
二．时间状语从句。
when后通常用表示暂短性动词.谓语动词常用一般时态
while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态， When the car exploded ,I was walking past it.= While I was walking ,past the car ,it exploded.
注意：若表示两动作同时进行，用while连接，主从句都用进行时
While he was singing, I was playing baseball. 他当时在唱歌，而我在打棒球。
1，感叹句由what或how引导，句末用感叹号.
What a/an + adj(形容词） + n（名词） +（主+谓） ，What an unusual experience i have！ How +adj/adv + （主+谓） ，How strange it was!,
2， in front of 与in the front of
in front of 在……的前面 （范围外）
e.g.:There is a car in front of the house. 房子前日面有一辆车
in the front of 在……的前头，(范围内）
eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 她坐在公交车的前排
3，in a tree在树上（指不是长在树上的东西）there are some birds in the tree.
on a tree在树上（指长在树上的东西）There are many apples on the tree.
4，Arrive in +大地点， arrive at +小地点。 如，Arrive in New York, arrive at the school
Get to +地点
Reach+地点名词 ,reach the school
注意：arrive和get后直接跟地点副词（home,here,there),如，get home
5， ：,某人发生...
An accident happend to him.
What happened to him on that day? 那天他发生了什么事？
碰巧做某事
6，at the doctor's 在诊所，,名词所有格的形式表示地点。如，at the barber's,在理发店.
7，It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。 He found that it was difficult to learn physics well.
八年级下册Unit 4 He said I was hard-working单元笔记
直接引语与间接引语
直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。
1，人称的变化
She said."My brother wants to go with me."→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
Mr Smith said， "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker
2，时态的变化
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中的引导词是say
He says,“"I have a pen."→he says he has a pen.
3，指示代词和状语的变化
指示代词，this……these these……those
表示时间的词
now……then ，today……that day
this week(month ,etc)……that week (month ,etc)
yesterday……the day before
last week(month ,etc)……the week(month ,etc) before
three days (a year ,etc) ago……three days (a year. etc) before
tomorrow……the next (following ) day
next week (month ,etc)……the next (following ) week (month ,etc)
表地点的词，here……there
动词 ，bring……take ,come……go
4，句型的变化
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
②直接引语如果是一般疑问句，应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.
如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
（注意:如果是选择疑问句只能用whether）
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
1,be supposed to 认为应该 You are supposed to be successful．你应该成功。
2,got mad at = was mad at
她不再哭了。
将这个消息(信息)传给某人
pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人 eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom.
5, give sb. sth.给某人某物 =give sth to sb
八年级下册Unit 5 单元笔记
If引导的条件状语从句，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。
1，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。If you leave now, you will never regret
2，if引导的条件状语从句既可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.从句放于主句前时,须有逗号隔开,反之则不用逗号.If it rains tomorrow, I won’t climb the hills.
I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains, I will have to stay at home
1. too much 和 much too
too much 后接不可数名词，用来表示数量太多，意思是“……太多了（数量多）”；
much too后接形容词，用来说明程度的，意思是“太……（程度深）”
much too heavy 太重了 （表程度）
错：He has drunk much too water.正：He has drunk too much water. 他喝了太多的水。
2. be famous for 和 be famous as
be famous for表示“因……而出名”，
France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。
be famous as则表示“作为…而著名”，
Li Yang is famous as an English teacher． 李阳作为一名英语教师而著名。
3,Be for sth 支持... I am for his plan .我赞成他的计划
be against sth 反对...
八年级下册Unit 1 单元笔记
一般将来时：
1.肯定句：
（1）will+do, She will come to have class tomorrow.(she will=she’ll)
（2）shall(用于第一人称)+do, we shall/will have a test next week.
（3）be going to do打算做..., i’m going to post that letter.
（4）be doing常用于go, come, leave, arrive动词， i’m coming.
2.否定句: 在will/shall/be后加not(will not =won't) , She will not come to have class tomorrow
3.一般疑问句：将will/shall/be提到主语前面, will she come to have class tomorrow?
4,特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句， what will the world be like in the future?
There be句型的一般将来时：
1，肯定句：there will be..., (将会有）There will be a meeting this afternoon.注:be不能换成have 2, 否定句：there won't be..., There won,t be a meeting this afternoon.
3, 一般疑问句:will there be..., 肯定回答:yes,there will.否定回答：no,there won't.
4，特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句，when will there be a meeting this afternoon?
5,there is/are going to be...也表示将会有。。。
如
1.fewer 与less及more表数量的用法。
（1）few“几乎没有,+可数名词,比较级few－fewer
a few“有一些”，+可数名词,比较级
There will be fewer trees. 将会有更少的树。
（2）little“几乎没有的”+不可数名词，比较级little－less
a little“有一些”，+不可数名词
There’s little water in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有水了。
（3more，更多，more是many和much的比较级所以more+可数名词/不可数名词。
例：There will be more people on the earth in future.
There will be more pollution on the earth in future.
2. in 与 after的区别
1）after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子。
例如：They started working after lunch. 他们是午餐后开始工作的。
2）in以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。
如：They will start working in half an hour. 他们将在半小时后开始工作。
3）在某个特定的时间以后，after也可用于将来时态的句子。
例如：They will start working after 10 am. 他们将在上午10点以后开始工作。
注： He went home after two days.=two days tater,he went home.
3. alone adv. 单独地 ，
lonely表示“孤独的"含有感情色彩."荒凉的"如: a lonely village 孤寂的村庄.
I went to the movies alone，I felt lonely. 我独自去看电影了，我觉得很孤独。
4,seem 是连系动词,意为“似乎”､“好像”
seem to do sth”似乎...”｡
例: My father seemed to know the news. 我父亲好像知道这个消息｡
Seem （to be) +n/adj ,好像...
He seems funny.
“It seems/seemed that.从句..
例如: It seemed that my father knew the news.看来我父亲知道这个消息。
5,dress, wear ,put on ,be in,
Dress表动作，dress sb/oneself. 表状态，be dressed in+衣服
Put on+衣服
Wear+衣服，帽子，手套
Be in+颜色
6，hundreds of +复数
a piece of paper一张纸
help sb with sth/help sb do sth帮助某人做某事
wake up醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”
get bored变得厌烦 keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪
八年级下册Unit 2 What should I do? 单元笔记
语法:表示建议的表达
1,should/could do sth 应该/可以做...,否定为shouldn't/couldn't do sth
2, why not do sth=why don't you do sth?
3,had better do sth 最好做...
4,what /how about doing sth?
1，either 用于否定句）也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。
too （用于肯定）也
I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。
2.except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
besides 除……以外，还有...（包括在内）
We all went there besides him．除他去以外，我们也都去了。
3，─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?
-What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。
怎么了？/你出什么事了？
4，borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 （借回来）
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借给某人（借出去）
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
例如：Could you lend me your car?
5，I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，应用陈述语序 （即 ：主语+动词）
I don’t know 我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know 我不知道该怎么去做它
6，see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事 （强调动作正在进行）
See sb do sth 看见某人做过某事 （强调动作已结束
1，get sb. to do… 使……做
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
2，ask sb. to do… 请（人）做……
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
3，tell sb. to do…让某人做某事 例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
4、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
5、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb.
6、find out （经过某人的研究、努力）发现，查出，找出
You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
7，enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)
busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)
8，be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
9，find it hard to do sth. 发现做……（事）很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难
10，spend…on +sth.=spend...( in) doing sth. 在…花钱
It takes sb. sometime to do sth.
11， buy sth for sb 为……买东西
12，ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……
you shouldn't ask your parents for some money.你不应向父母要钱。
八年级下册Unit 3 what were you doing when the ufo arrived? 单元笔记
一. 过去进行时
过去进行时的构成：
肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing
否定形式：主语+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing
疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing...回答：yes,主语+was/were.；no,主语+wasn't/weren't. 某人做某事花…的时间
二．时间状语从句。
when后通常用表示暂短性动词.谓语动词常用一般时态
while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态， When the car exploded ,I was walking past it.= While I was walking ,past the car ,it exploded.
注意：若表示两动作同时进行，用while连接，主从句都用进行时
While he was singing, I was playing baseball. 他当时在唱歌，而我在打棒球。
1，感叹句由what或how引导，句末用感叹号.
What a/an + adj(形容词） + n（名词） +（主+谓） ，What an unusual experience i have！ How +adj/adv + （主+谓） ，How strange it was!,
2， in front of 与in the front of
in front of 在……的前面 （范围外）
e.g.:There is a car in front of the house. 房子前日面有一辆车
in the front of 在……的前头，(范围内）
eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 她坐在公交车的前排
3，in a tree在树上（指不是长在树上的东西）there are some birds in the tree.
on a tree在树上（指长在树上的东西）There are many apples on the tree.
4，Arrive in +大地点， arrive at +小地点。 如，Arrive in New York, arrive at the school
Get to +地点
Reach+地点名词 ,reach the school
注意：arrive和get后直接跟地点副词（home,here,there),如，get home
5， ：,某人发生...
An accident happend to him.
What happened to him on that day? 那天他发生了什么事？
碰巧做某事
6，at the doctor's 在诊所，,名词所有格的形式表示地点。如，at the barber's,在理发店.
7，It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。 He found that it was difficult to learn physics well.
八年级下册Unit 4 He said I was hard-working单元笔记
直接引语与间接引语
直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。
1，人称的变化
She said."My brother wants to go with me."→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
Mr Smith said， "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker
2，时态的变化
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中的引导词是say
He says,“"I have a pen."→he says he has a pen.
3，指示代词和状语的变化
指示代词，this……these these……those
表示时间的词
now……then ，today……that day
this week(month ,etc)……that week (month ,etc)
yesterday……the day before
last week(month ,etc)……the week(month ,etc) before
three days (a year ,etc) ago……three days (a year. etc) before
tomorrow……the next (following ) day
next week (month ,etc)……the next (following ) week (month ,etc)
表地点的词，here……there
动词 ，bring……take ,come……go
4，句型的变化
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
②直接引语如果是一般疑问句，应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.
如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
（注意:如果是选择疑问句只能用whether）
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
1,be supposed to 认为应该 You are supposed to be successful．你应该成功。
2,got mad at = was mad at
她不再哭了。
将这个消息(信息)传给某人
pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人 eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom.
5, give sb. sth.给某人某物 =give sth to sb
八年级下册Unit 5 单元笔记
If引导的条件状语从句，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。
1，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。If you leave now, you will never regret
2，if引导的条件状语从句既可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.从句放于主句前时,须有逗号隔开,反之则不用逗号.If it rains tomorrow, I won’t climb the hills.
I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains, I will have to stay at home
1. too much 和 much too
too much 后接不可数名词，用来表示数量太多，意思是“……太多了（数量多）”；
much too后接形容词，用来说明程度的，意思是“太……（程度深）”
much too heavy 太重了 （表程度）
错：He has drunk much too water.正：He has drunk too much water. 他喝了太多的水。
2. be famous for 和 be famous as
be famous for表示“因……而出名”，
France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。
be famous as则表示“作为…而著名”，
Li Yang is famous as an English teacher． 李阳作为一名英语教师而著名。
3,Be for sth 支持... I am for his plan .我赞成他的计划
be against sth 反对...