状语从句
在复合句中作状语，位置灵活。
状语从句可分为时间状语从句，目的状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语
从句，方式状语从句，结果状语从句。
（一） 时间状语从句
1. when, as, while
a. when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。
Eg: When I get there I will call you.
如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语与be
可省。
Eg：When （you are）in trouble, you can ask her for help.
如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同时，往往可以用“when+分词”的形式代替该状从。
Eg：When I came into the room(When coming into the room), I found the light was off.
b. while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句的动作进行过程中。主句的谓语动词
通常是非延续性动词。
Eg: He came in while I was reading a book.
I met her while I was in school.
c. as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同在时间点或同时间段进行。同时可表示主句的动作
随着从句的动作的变化而变化。
Eg: He jumps as he sings.
As the wind rose, the noise increased.
2. before(在……之前)与after（在……之后）
Eg：See me before you leave.
I saw them after I arrived.
3. till与until
肯定形式表示的意思是
Eg: Wait till/untill I call you.
等着直到我叫你。
She didn't arrive till/until 6 o'clock.. 她直到6点才到
但是置于句首时只可用untill.
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 否定形式有另外两种表达方式：
(1)Not until „在句首，主句用倒装。
Man did not know what heat was until the early years of the 19th century.
=Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat was.
(2) It is not until„ that„
He will not go to bed until his mother comes home.
=It is not until his mother comes home that he will go to bed.
4. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately和hardly/scarcely„when, no sooner„
than
a. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。译为
“一……就”
Eg：As soon as she heard the news, she began crying.
b. hardly/scarcely„when, no sooner„than都可以表示
去完成时，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。
Eg：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必
须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it
began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain。
(二)目的状语从句
1. (so) that/in order that
（so）that/in order that表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句要用虚拟语气。
Eg: He shouted at the top of his voice so that/in order that he might be heard.
如果表示“为了，以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，可用in order to或so as to替代。
Eg：I came early so as to/in order to catch the first train.
3. lest, for fear that, in case
lest, for fear that, in case表示“以免，以防”。其中 lest, for fear that要用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气；in case
后的从句可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
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Eg：I will not make a noise lest/ for fear that I (should) disturb you.
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
(三)条件状语从句
1. if: “如果”(如为真实条件句用陈述语气、如为非真实条件句用虚拟语气)
Eg: If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.
If I were a bird, I would fly.
2. in case, on condition that, provinding, provided (that), supposing, supposed (that) :“假如，在……条件下”
Eg: The mother promises to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.
Suppose (that) he does not come, what shall we do?
3. unless:“ 除非”（=if not）
Eg: We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight
= We cannot get there on time if we don’t book the earliest flight.
4. as/so long as:“只要”
Eg: We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
（四）让步状语从句
1. “虽然，即使，尽管”
a. although/ though/ even though/ even if
although/ though 语气较弱（尽管），even though/ even if（即使） 语气较强。
although和though 可以互换，但though可以用于倒装也可以不倒装。（参见as引导让步状语从句的用法） Eg: Although/ though it was not his fault, he took all the blame.
Even if/ Even though you don’t like your boss, you should do your work. b. as
as可引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”，但要用倒装结构，形式如下：
1）. 形容词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Eg: Tired as he is, he offers to help me.
2）. 过去分词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Eg: Well-written as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.
3）. 名词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Eg: Student as he is, he does not study hard.
4）. 副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语部分。如：
Eg: Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
5）. 动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词may, might, will,
would等）。如：
Eg: Try as you will, you won’t be able to persuade him.
注意：①若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定代词。
②若提前的是动词原形，与之连用的情态动词要置于原来的位置，即主语之后。
③though在引导让步状语从句时可像as一样倒装。
2. while: 尽管
Eg: While it’s none of my business, I will watch you.
3. no matter (what, when, where): 无论（什么，何时，何地）
Eg: The old man wouldn’t believe anything no matter what you said.
Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.
4. however :不论怎样。however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装，一般在however后加形容词或副词。 Eg: The father couldn’t make his daughter smile however hard he tried.
5. whether…or not: 不管是否
Eg: Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
总结：
1)although与though在一些情况下可互换，都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。
2)however引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。
3)while也可引导让步状语从句，这一点特容易被考生忽视。
4)whatever修饰名词，“无论什么”，however修饰形容词、副词，“无论多么，
无论怎么”。
5)even if/even though(即使)与as if/as though(好像)
（五）地点状语从句
1. where: 哪里
Eg: Put the medicine where you can easily get it.
2. wherever：无论哪里
Eg: He follows her wherever she goes.
Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
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(六) 原因状语从句
1. because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why。
Eg：I do it because I like it.
2. as– 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。
Eg: As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.
3. for– 放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明。Fot引导的原因状语从句只能置于主句之后并且必须用
逗号将其与主句隔开。
Eg: He could not have seen me, for I was not there.
4. since/ seeing (that)/ now (that)/ considering (that)/ in that – 通常放句首．译为“既然”。
Eg: Since the purser didn’t tell us what to do, we can relax.
（七）方式状语从句
1. as, (just) as„so„
Eg: Do as you are told to.
As water is to fish, so air is to man。
2. as if/ as though
Eg: He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语
用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大）
(八) 结果状语从句
1. so that 既可以引导目的状语从句又可以引导结果状语从句。
Eg: He worried so that he couldn’t sleep.他急得睡不着。
I get up early so that I should catch the train.我早起的目的是搭到火车。
2. 表示“如此……以致……”的“so…that…”和“such…that…”均可以引导结果状语从句，其中的such
是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或名词。具体搭配如下：
1）“so+adj./adv.+that”,“so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that”
2)“such(a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”
Eg: The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.
（九）比较状语从句
1. as…as… : 像……一样
Eg: My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.
2. not so (as)… as…: 不像……
Eg: The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.
3.…than… : 比……怎么样，
Eg: People believe that being a steward is better than most of the other jobs.
4. The more…, the more : 越…… 越
Eg: The more he listened to that song, the more he enjoyed it.
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状语从句
在复合句中作状语，位置灵活。
状语从句可分为时间状语从句，目的状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语
从句，方式状语从句，结果状语从句。
（一） 时间状语从句
1. when, as, while
a. when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。
Eg: When I get there I will call you.
如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语与be
可省。
Eg：When （you are）in trouble, you can ask her for help.
如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同时，往往可以用“when+分词”的形式代替该状从。
Eg：When I came into the room(When coming into the room), I found the light was off.
b. while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句的动作进行过程中。主句的谓语动词
通常是非延续性动词。
Eg: He came in while I was reading a book.
I met her while I was in school.
c. as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同在时间点或同时间段进行。同时可表示主句的动作
随着从句的动作的变化而变化。
Eg: He jumps as he sings.
As the wind rose, the noise increased.
2. before(在……之前)与after（在……之后）
Eg：See me before you leave.
I saw them after I arrived.
3. till与until
肯定形式表示的意思是
Eg: Wait till/untill I call you.
等着直到我叫你。
She didn't arrive till/until 6 o'clock.. 她直到6点才到
但是置于句首时只可用untill.
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 否定形式有另外两种表达方式：
(1)Not until „在句首，主句用倒装。
Man did not know what heat was until the early years of the 19th century.
=Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat was.
(2) It is not until„ that„
He will not go to bed until his mother comes home.
=It is not until his mother comes home that he will go to bed.
4. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately和hardly/scarcely„when, no sooner„
than
a. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。译为
“一……就”
Eg：As soon as she heard the news, she began crying.
b. hardly/scarcely„when, no sooner„than都可以表示
去完成时，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。
Eg：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必
须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it
began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain。
(二)目的状语从句
1. (so) that/in order that
（so）that/in order that表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句要用虚拟语气。
Eg: He shouted at the top of his voice so that/in order that he might be heard.
如果表示“为了，以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，可用in order to或so as to替代。
Eg：I came early so as to/in order to catch the first train.
3. lest, for fear that, in case
lest, for fear that, in case表示“以免，以防”。其中 lest, for fear that要用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气；in case
后的从句可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
１
Eg：I will not make a noise lest/ for fear that I (should) disturb you.
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
(三)条件状语从句
1. if: “如果”(如为真实条件句用陈述语气、如为非真实条件句用虚拟语气)
Eg: If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.
If I were a bird, I would fly.
2. in case, on condition that, provinding, provided (that), supposing, supposed (that) :“假如，在……条件下”
Eg: The mother promises to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.
Suppose (that) he does not come, what shall we do?
3. unless:“ 除非”（=if not）
Eg: We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight
= We cannot get there on time if we don’t book the earliest flight.
4. as/so long as:“只要”
Eg: We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
（四）让步状语从句
1. “虽然，即使，尽管”
a. although/ though/ even though/ even if
although/ though 语气较弱（尽管），even though/ even if（即使） 语气较强。
although和though 可以互换，但though可以用于倒装也可以不倒装。（参见as引导让步状语从句的用法） Eg: Although/ though it was not his fault, he took all the blame.
Even if/ Even though you don’t like your boss, you should do your work. b. as
as可引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”，但要用倒装结构，形式如下：
1）. 形容词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Eg: Tired as he is, he offers to help me.
2）. 过去分词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Eg: Well-written as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.
3）. 名词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Eg: Student as he is, he does not study hard.
4）. 副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语部分。如：
Eg: Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
5）. 动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词may, might, will,
would等）。如：
Eg: Try as you will, you won’t be able to persuade him.
注意：①若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定代词。
②若提前的是动词原形，与之连用的情态动词要置于原来的位置，即主语之后。
③though在引导让步状语从句时可像as一样倒装。
2. while: 尽管
Eg: While it’s none of my business, I will watch you.
3. no matter (what, when, where): 无论（什么，何时，何地）
Eg: The old man wouldn’t believe anything no matter what you said.
Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.
4. however :不论怎样。however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装，一般在however后加形容词或副词。 Eg: The father couldn’t make his daughter smile however hard he tried.
5. whether…or not: 不管是否
Eg: Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
总结：
1)although与though在一些情况下可互换，都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。
2)however引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。
3)while也可引导让步状语从句，这一点特容易被考生忽视。
4)whatever修饰名词，“无论什么”，however修饰形容词、副词，“无论多么，
无论怎么”。
5)even if/even though(即使)与as if/as though(好像)
（五）地点状语从句
1. where: 哪里
Eg: Put the medicine where you can easily get it.
2. wherever：无论哪里
Eg: He follows her wherever she goes.
Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
２
(六) 原因状语从句
1. because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why。
Eg：I do it because I like it.
2. as– 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。
Eg: As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.
3. for– 放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明。Fot引导的原因状语从句只能置于主句之后并且必须用
逗号将其与主句隔开。
Eg: He could not have seen me, for I was not there.
4. since/ seeing (that)/ now (that)/ considering (that)/ in that – 通常放句首．译为“既然”。
Eg: Since the purser didn’t tell us what to do, we can relax.
（七）方式状语从句
1. as, (just) as„so„
Eg: Do as you are told to.
As water is to fish, so air is to man。
2. as if/ as though
Eg: He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语
用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大）
(八) 结果状语从句
1. so that 既可以引导目的状语从句又可以引导结果状语从句。
Eg: He worried so that he couldn’t sleep.他急得睡不着。
I get up early so that I should catch the train.我早起的目的是搭到火车。
2. 表示“如此……以致……”的“so…that…”和“such…that…”均可以引导结果状语从句，其中的such
是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或名词。具体搭配如下：
1）“so+adj./adv.+that”,“so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that”
2)“such(a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”
Eg: The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.
（九）比较状语从句
1. as…as… : 像……一样
Eg: My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.
2. not so (as)… as…: 不像……
Eg: The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.
3.…than… : 比……怎么样，
Eg: People believe that being a steward is better than most of the other jobs.
4. The more…, the more : 越…… 越
Eg: The more he listened to that song, the more he enjoyed it.
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