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Reading 部分
1.On Saturday morning,every boy in the town was happy,except Tom Sawyer.
except 在此处用作介词，意为：除...... 之外，表示同类事物之间的关系，不能放在句首。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语和动词不定式。
We have classes every day except Sunday.
辨析：except,besides,but 与except for I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing.
All but him have gone to Japan.
His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
There are three more visitors me.
the weather.
one old lady, the bus was empty.
2.He painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest.
1)survey 及物动词，意为：查看，审视
The engineers surveyed the building.
She turned to survey her daughter’s pale face.
【拓展】
survey 作动词，还可意为：调查；作名词，意为：调查，测量
Business Development Advisers surveyed 211 companies for the report.
In a survey from 2000, satisfaction levels in Japan were only half those
America.
in
2)progress 不可数名词，意为：进展
make progress 取得进展 make great progress取得很大进步 After some period of practice, you will make great progress.
He （make ） great progress in English since he came into the college.
3)rest 名词，意为：休息 have/take a rest 休息一下
rest 作名词，还意为：剩余部分，余下的人或物 the rest of 剩余的.... rest 也可作动词，意为：休息
The workers stopped to have a rest. We rested for an hour after lunch. The rest of the apples have gone bad.
3.Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play.
think of 意为：想象到，想出，考虑。后面接名词、代词或动名词。
Can you think of any other way to do it? We ’re thinking of moving house.
【拓展】think of 还可意为：认为
What do you think of the film?=How do you like the film?
I for our party.我想不出一个更好的聚会的地方。
相关短语：think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑
4.He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him. come along 意为：出现，来到
Do you want to come along? Take any job opportunity that comes along. There's a barbecue tonight and you're very welcome . 今晚有个烧烤野餐，非常欢迎你一起来。
他可能会和其他客人一道来。
5.He picked up his brush and went back to work.
pick up 意为：拾起，捡起
He picked up his cap from the floor
There is a book on the floor. Please .
【拓展】pick up还有“（开车）接/取，搭载；（不费力/无意）学会，获得”之意。 She was going over to her parents' house to pick up some clean clothes.
Where did you pick up your English?
孩子们在生活中会得到许多这样的经验.
6.What a pity!
感叹句: what+a/an+可数名词单数
pity 名词，意为：可惜，遗憾
The pity is that you are not a prophet.
It is a great pity that all students in the city cannot have the same chances.
【拓展】 pity 还可做不可谓数名词，意为：怜悯，同情心
take pity on sb.同情某人
I felt pity for the poor old man.
I'm hoping some kind people will take pity on me
for the human heart, he laughs at its sad struggle to remember.
岁月无情，它毫不怜悯人的心灵，它嘲笑心灵因不肯忘却而徒劳挣扎。
7.Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day?
chance 此处用作名词：机会, 可能性
take a chance 冒险，碰运气
have/get a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
Don't take a chance to cheat in the exam.
You really never know waht will happen. You have to take a chance!
I finally got a chance ( stand) at the front of fashion.
8.Then he went on painting.
go on doing sth.意为：不停地做某事，继续做某事
go on to do sth.意为：接着做另一件事
go on with sth.意为：继续做某事 （前后做同一件事，但中间有暂停情况）
The students went on talking and laughing all the way .
Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one.
He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.
You can’t go on without a break. 你不能不停地工作而不休息。 After a short break, I go on my homework.
The Chairman said that as time was short, we should go on the next item.
主席说由于时间短，我们应继续讨论下一项议程。
9.Ben watched Tom in silence.
in silence 意为：沉默地，无声地
The students are waiting for their teacher in silence.
10. After a while, he said, “Tom, will you let me do some painting?”
1)while 在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间
Let ’s have a rest for a while. He was married a little while ago. It him digest the bad news. 过了一会儿他才领悟那则坏消息。
2)do some painting
该短语中v-ing 为动名词，这是一个常见的固定结构。
例如：do some cleaning do so shopping do some cooking
11.Aunt Polly warned me to do it well.
warn 动词，意为：警告，提醒
warn sb. of /about sth. 警告某人某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth.
They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.
He warned me (not,tell) others his secrets.
但广大民众已被提醒要小心虚假的声援。
12. I’ll give you half my apple.
half 此处用作形容词，意为：一半的。一般放在冠词，物主代词或指示代词之前。 Half the workers come from Shandong.
要掀起另一场革命，可能还需半个世纪。
他把他的一半财产捐赠给了这家医院.
【拓展】
1）half 还可做名词，意为：一半。
The journey takes an hour and a half.
该桥被分成两部分进行重建。
2）half of...意为：半数的
Half of the students from China.
Half of his life (spend) making inventions.
13.Without making a noise or sound.
without 介词, 意为：无，没有。后接名词，代词或动名词。
Fish can’t live without water. He left without saying a word.
I couldn’t do it without your help.
她没有考虑我的意见就离开了学校。
14.trick other boys in doing the work for him.
trick 此处用作动词，意为：欺骗，哄骗
trick sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事
They tricked me into making a great mistake.
He always tricks me 【拓展】trick 作名词，意为：诡计，花招
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
How did she look through his trick?
He got into the palace by a trick.
If they do not give us a 如果他们不招待我们，我们就可以捉弄他们。
More practice部分
1.The cave looked like a frozen waterfall.
frozen 形容词，意为：被冻结的，被冷却的
freeze 动词，意为：冻结，结冰
freezing 形容词，意为：冰冻的，严寒的
Frozen food is very popular now. Water freezes at 0 degree.
It ’s still April. The sea is freezing cold.
to death in the winter. 许多草籽在冬天冻死了。
2. so he took Becky’s hand to hurry her away,but one of the bats followed and put out Becky’s candle with its wings..
1）hurry away 意为：匆忙离开
I must hurry away to catch the train.
2) put out 意为：扑灭，熄灭
We put out all the ship's lights.
Careless people forget to put out their barbecue fires.
3......and at last they got away from the bats.
get away from 意为：逃离，远离
We had to get away from the noisy room.
from the situation for a moment
while you think about the problem.
Practice
一. 选择可以替换划线部分的最佳选项 A said B named C talked A with B including C not including A stops B starts C continues A got B paid C passed A.way B. kind C. part A. owner B. writer C. reader A, wonderful play B, long poem C, long written story A, disappear B, stay up C, appear A, funny B, strange C, special I am sure that we will complete it.
A, job B, problem C, choice A, change B, break C, shower
二. 完成句子
1，得到一个访问日本的机会真不容易。
It is not easy to visit Japan.
2，从那以后，我弟弟变得对唱歌越来越感兴趣
My brother has become sing since then.
3，一位老人警告我们不要在那条河里游泳
An old man swim in the river.
4，汤姆是我在这个城市里认识的唯一的一个人
Tom is I know in this city.
5，这堵红色的墙大概十码长，七码宽，三码高。
The red wall is about and ,
三. 根据句意及首字母提示填词。
long.
of painting at last.
of the story is Mark Twain.
定语从句
一．定语从句的理解：
用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：
a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red
如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。
I know the girl. The girl is dancing. (两个简单句)
→I know the girl who is dancing. （定语从句）
被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是______________， 称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当________________。
附：关系词与先行词的关系：
关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。 定语从句中常用的关系词有：
关系代词 who / whom (先行词表示人) which (先行词表示物)
that / whose (先行词表示人或物)
关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；
可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom, which （on which, with whom, for which…）
关系副词 when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因)
关系副词在从句中充当状语。
二、定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词和关系副词.
关系代词：that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格 whose)
关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词或关系副词连接主句和从句，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分。 （ lives next to us） is a policeman.
先行词 关系代词 （）定语从句
关系代词who 连接主句和从句，同时在从句中代替the man,充当从句的主语。
（初中阶段我们重点学习关系代词引导的定语从句。）
三、关系代词的用法
1、 who/whom
who 和whom 都可以指人，who 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，whom 做宾语；做宾语时都可省略。
e.g: I don’t know the boy 作主语 is Tom’s sister. 作宾语（作宾语可以省略）
2、 whose
whose 是who 和which 的所有格形式，表示“…的”，指可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
3、 which
which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。
e.g: The building (which stands near the train station) is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
4、 that
that 既可指人也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 指物，=which, 作主语）
The coat (that I put on the desk) is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 指物，=which, 作宾语） 昨天来我们学习参观那个男孩来自英格兰。（that 指人，=who, 作主语）
他就是我上周拜访的那个人。（that 指人，=who/whom, 作宾语）
★ 关系词只能用that 的情况：
1) 先行词为all ， any ， much ， many ，little, something, everything， anything ，nothing, none ，the one等不定代词时
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
3) 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last， little ，few 等词修饰时
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
4) 先行词里同时含有人或物时
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
5）以who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.
Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
6）there be 结构中先行词是物时
There is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
★（先行词指人）关系词只能用who 的情况：
1) 当先行词是泛指代词he ，they ，people 或指示代词that, those等时
He 不工作的人是没有报酬的。
We are in need of those can work hard. 我们需要那些努力工作的人。
2) 不定代词one ，ones ，anyone 等作先行词时
One ． 那些工作没有抱怨的人在这受欢迎。
3) 在非限制性定语从句（先行词是人且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开）
那个来自法国的人最终帮助了我们。
4) 在there be 句型中
There is a girl ★（先行词指物）关系词只能用which 的情况：
1）先行词为that ，those 时
What’s that is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
2）关系代词（指物）前有介词时
This is the room in he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
3）引导非限制性定语从句且先行词是物时
Tom came back， made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
注意：
1、当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who/whom，that ，which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用
介词+which(指物) / whom(指人)
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
2、在there be 句型中，先行词指人只能用who ，指物只能用that 。
一、 关系副词的用法（简单介绍）
（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，在句子作原因状语。
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
小结：
关系代词用法歌诀
关系词，引定从，它们用法要分清。
that 可用作主和宾，指人指物都能行。
which 用来指代物，主语宾语都可充。
who 和whom 来指人，作主作宾各不同。
whose 一词作用大，表人表物都能用。
That 与which 区别歌诀
that ，which 不一般，同指物时可互换。
不定代词为先行，只有that 才可用。
先行词前有修饰，千万不可用which 。
要用which 也不难，可将介词来提前。
典型例题
一、用关系代词填空
1、This is the professor taught me Chemistry in 1980 .
2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.
3、This is the boy father died three years ago.
4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.
5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?
6、They work in a factory makes radio parts.
7、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.
8、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.
9、 He is the person ______ helped me.
10、That’s the computer ______ broke down.
11、We’re not the students ______ won the bad-Minton match.
12、It’s the dog ______ lives in our block of flats.
13、They’re the socks ______ are on sale this week.
14、He’s the person ______ is waiting for a taxi.
15、This is the train _______ goes to Shenzhen.
16、This is the road _______ leads to the Book City. 17、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.
18、Who is the person is standing at the gate?
二、单项选择
( ) 1. The man_____you saw in the street is Tommy.
A. which B.whose C. that D.as
( ) 2. Is this the museum _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. Who B. which C. the one D. whom
( ) 3. The boy _____ has an interesting story book.
A. who sit next to you B. which sits next to you
C. whom sits next to you D. that lives next to you
( ) 4. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been to.
A. who B. that C. where D. when
( ) 5.The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us.
A. which B. that C. as D. who
( ) 6. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( ) 7. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
( ) 8. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
( ) 9. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
( ) 10. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
( ) 11. I am the only one ______ can do it right.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
( ) 12. This is the best film ______I have ever seen.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
( ) 13. All ______ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
( ) 14.Take care of the boy and the dog ____ are crossing the street.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
( ) 15.Finally, the thief handed everything____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
( ) 16.Who is the woman___ was talking to Miss Li?
A. he b. that C. whom D. which
( ) 17.In the street I met the scientist ______gave us a talk last week.
1. he B. which C. who D. what
( ) 18.That’s the only thing ___ can’t be forgotten in my life.
A. that B. which C. who D./
( ) 19.New York, ______ I visited last year, is a nice city.
A. which B. where C. when D. it
( ) 20. He is an estate businessman ____ loves climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
拓展练习
一、单项选择
1. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. Which
2. This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. Whom
3.Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?
A. what B. which C. who D. Whom
4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. / B. why C. when D. What
5. I have found some pictures of the most interesting places ______ you can visit during the winter holidays.
A. where B. which C. what D. That
6. I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea.
A. which B. who C. what D. How
7. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
8. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
9. Is ________ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
10. ---What kind of music do you like? ---I like music ________ has great lyrics.
A. that B. what C. who D. Whose
11.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.
A. which B. that C. what D. Where
12. The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
13. The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it
14.That is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. Which
15.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?
A. who B. whom C. which D. Where
16.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?
A. who B. whom C. which D. What
17.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. Which
18. I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
A. that B. who C. how D. Why
19. I hate people ________ talk much but do little.
A. whom B. which C. who D. When
20. I am one of the boys ________never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
二、选择可以替换划线部分的最佳选项 A said B named C talked A with B including C not including A stops B starts C continues A got B paid C passed A. way B. kind C. part A. owner B. writer C. reader
飞创教育 放飞梦想 开创未来 电话：85283665
Reading 部分
1.On Saturday morning,every boy in the town was happy,except Tom Sawyer.
except 在此处用作介词，意为：除...... 之外，表示同类事物之间的关系，不能放在句首。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语和动词不定式。
We have classes every day except Sunday.
辨析：except,besides,but 与except for I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing.
All but him have gone to Japan.
His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
There are three more visitors me.
the weather.
one old lady, the bus was empty.
2.He painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest.
1)survey 及物动词，意为：查看，审视
The engineers surveyed the building.
She turned to survey her daughter’s pale face.
【拓展】
survey 作动词，还可意为：调查；作名词，意为：调查，测量
Business Development Advisers surveyed 211 companies for the report.
In a survey from 2000, satisfaction levels in Japan were only half those
America.
in
2)progress 不可数名词，意为：进展
make progress 取得进展 make great progress取得很大进步 After some period of practice, you will make great progress.
He （make ） great progress in English since he came into the college.
3)rest 名词，意为：休息 have/take a rest 休息一下
rest 作名词，还意为：剩余部分，余下的人或物 the rest of 剩余的.... rest 也可作动词，意为：休息
The workers stopped to have a rest. We rested for an hour after lunch. The rest of the apples have gone bad.
3.Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play.
think of 意为：想象到，想出，考虑。后面接名词、代词或动名词。
Can you think of any other way to do it? We ’re thinking of moving house.
【拓展】think of 还可意为：认为
What do you think of the film?=How do you like the film?
I for our party.我想不出一个更好的聚会的地方。
相关短语：think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑
4.He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him. come along 意为：出现，来到
Do you want to come along? Take any job opportunity that comes along. There's a barbecue tonight and you're very welcome . 今晚有个烧烤野餐，非常欢迎你一起来。
他可能会和其他客人一道来。
5.He picked up his brush and went back to work.
pick up 意为：拾起，捡起
He picked up his cap from the floor
There is a book on the floor. Please .
【拓展】pick up还有“（开车）接/取，搭载；（不费力/无意）学会，获得”之意。 She was going over to her parents' house to pick up some clean clothes.
Where did you pick up your English?
孩子们在生活中会得到许多这样的经验.
6.What a pity!
感叹句: what+a/an+可数名词单数
pity 名词，意为：可惜，遗憾
The pity is that you are not a prophet.
It is a great pity that all students in the city cannot have the same chances.
【拓展】 pity 还可做不可谓数名词，意为：怜悯，同情心
take pity on sb.同情某人
I felt pity for the poor old man.
I'm hoping some kind people will take pity on me
for the human heart, he laughs at its sad struggle to remember.
岁月无情，它毫不怜悯人的心灵，它嘲笑心灵因不肯忘却而徒劳挣扎。
7.Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day?
chance 此处用作名词：机会, 可能性
take a chance 冒险，碰运气
have/get a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
Don't take a chance to cheat in the exam.
You really never know waht will happen. You have to take a chance!
I finally got a chance ( stand) at the front of fashion.
8.Then he went on painting.
go on doing sth.意为：不停地做某事，继续做某事
go on to do sth.意为：接着做另一件事
go on with sth.意为：继续做某事 （前后做同一件事，但中间有暂停情况）
The students went on talking and laughing all the way .
Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one.
He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.
You can’t go on without a break. 你不能不停地工作而不休息。 After a short break, I go on my homework.
The Chairman said that as time was short, we should go on the next item.
主席说由于时间短，我们应继续讨论下一项议程。
9.Ben watched Tom in silence.
in silence 意为：沉默地，无声地
The students are waiting for their teacher in silence.
10. After a while, he said, “Tom, will you let me do some painting?”
1)while 在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间
Let ’s have a rest for a while. He was married a little while ago. It him digest the bad news. 过了一会儿他才领悟那则坏消息。
2)do some painting
该短语中v-ing 为动名词，这是一个常见的固定结构。
例如：do some cleaning do so shopping do some cooking
11.Aunt Polly warned me to do it well.
warn 动词，意为：警告，提醒
warn sb. of /about sth. 警告某人某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth.
They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.
He warned me (not,tell) others his secrets.
但广大民众已被提醒要小心虚假的声援。
12. I’ll give you half my apple.
half 此处用作形容词，意为：一半的。一般放在冠词，物主代词或指示代词之前。 Half the workers come from Shandong.
要掀起另一场革命，可能还需半个世纪。
他把他的一半财产捐赠给了这家医院.
【拓展】
1）half 还可做名词，意为：一半。
The journey takes an hour and a half.
该桥被分成两部分进行重建。
2）half of...意为：半数的
Half of the students from China.
Half of his life (spend) making inventions.
13.Without making a noise or sound.
without 介词, 意为：无，没有。后接名词，代词或动名词。
Fish can’t live without water. He left without saying a word.
I couldn’t do it without your help.
她没有考虑我的意见就离开了学校。
14.trick other boys in doing the work for him.
trick 此处用作动词，意为：欺骗，哄骗
trick sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事
They tricked me into making a great mistake.
He always tricks me 【拓展】trick 作名词，意为：诡计，花招
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
How did she look through his trick?
He got into the palace by a trick.
If they do not give us a 如果他们不招待我们，我们就可以捉弄他们。
More practice部分
1.The cave looked like a frozen waterfall.
frozen 形容词，意为：被冻结的，被冷却的
freeze 动词，意为：冻结，结冰
freezing 形容词，意为：冰冻的，严寒的
Frozen food is very popular now. Water freezes at 0 degree.
It ’s still April. The sea is freezing cold.
to death in the winter. 许多草籽在冬天冻死了。
2. so he took Becky’s hand to hurry her away,but one of the bats followed and put out Becky’s candle with its wings..
1）hurry away 意为：匆忙离开
I must hurry away to catch the train.
2) put out 意为：扑灭，熄灭
We put out all the ship's lights.
Careless people forget to put out their barbecue fires.
3......and at last they got away from the bats.
get away from 意为：逃离，远离
We had to get away from the noisy room.
from the situation for a moment
while you think about the problem.
Practice
一. 选择可以替换划线部分的最佳选项 A said B named C talked A with B including C not including A stops B starts C continues A got B paid C passed A.way B. kind C. part A. owner B. writer C. reader A, wonderful play B, long poem C, long written story A, disappear B, stay up C, appear A, funny B, strange C, special I am sure that we will complete it.
A, job B, problem C, choice A, change B, break C, shower
二. 完成句子
1，得到一个访问日本的机会真不容易。
It is not easy to visit Japan.
2，从那以后，我弟弟变得对唱歌越来越感兴趣
My brother has become sing since then.
3，一位老人警告我们不要在那条河里游泳
An old man swim in the river.
4，汤姆是我在这个城市里认识的唯一的一个人
Tom is I know in this city.
5，这堵红色的墙大概十码长，七码宽，三码高。
The red wall is about and ,
三. 根据句意及首字母提示填词。
long.
of painting at last.
of the story is Mark Twain.
定语从句
一．定语从句的理解：
用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：
a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red
如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。
I know the girl. The girl is dancing. (两个简单句)
→I know the girl who is dancing. （定语从句）
被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是______________， 称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当________________。
附：关系词与先行词的关系：
关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。 定语从句中常用的关系词有：
关系代词 who / whom (先行词表示人) which (先行词表示物)
that / whose (先行词表示人或物)
关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；
可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom, which （on which, with whom, for which…）
关系副词 when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因)
关系副词在从句中充当状语。
二、定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词和关系副词.
关系代词：that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格 whose)
关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词或关系副词连接主句和从句，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分。 （ lives next to us） is a policeman.
先行词 关系代词 （）定语从句
关系代词who 连接主句和从句，同时在从句中代替the man,充当从句的主语。
（初中阶段我们重点学习关系代词引导的定语从句。）
三、关系代词的用法
1、 who/whom
who 和whom 都可以指人，who 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，whom 做宾语；做宾语时都可省略。
e.g: I don’t know the boy 作主语 is Tom’s sister. 作宾语（作宾语可以省略）
2、 whose
whose 是who 和which 的所有格形式，表示“…的”，指可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
3、 which
which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。
e.g: The building (which stands near the train station) is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
4、 that
that 既可指人也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 指物，=which, 作主语）
The coat (that I put on the desk) is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 指物，=which, 作宾语） 昨天来我们学习参观那个男孩来自英格兰。（that 指人，=who, 作主语）
他就是我上周拜访的那个人。（that 指人，=who/whom, 作宾语）
★ 关系词只能用that 的情况：
1) 先行词为all ， any ， much ， many ，little, something, everything， anything ，nothing, none ，the one等不定代词时
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
3) 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last， little ，few 等词修饰时
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
4) 先行词里同时含有人或物时
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
5）以who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.
Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
6）there be 结构中先行词是物时
There is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
★（先行词指人）关系词只能用who 的情况：
1) 当先行词是泛指代词he ，they ，people 或指示代词that, those等时
He 不工作的人是没有报酬的。
We are in need of those can work hard. 我们需要那些努力工作的人。
2) 不定代词one ，ones ，anyone 等作先行词时
One ． 那些工作没有抱怨的人在这受欢迎。
3) 在非限制性定语从句（先行词是人且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开）
那个来自法国的人最终帮助了我们。
4) 在there be 句型中
There is a girl ★（先行词指物）关系词只能用which 的情况：
1）先行词为that ，those 时
What’s that is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
2）关系代词（指物）前有介词时
This is the room in he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
3）引导非限制性定语从句且先行词是物时
Tom came back， made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
注意：
1、当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who/whom，that ，which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用
介词+which(指物) / whom(指人)
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
2、在there be 句型中，先行词指人只能用who ，指物只能用that 。
一、 关系副词的用法（简单介绍）
（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，在句子作原因状语。
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
小结：
关系代词用法歌诀
关系词，引定从，它们用法要分清。
that 可用作主和宾，指人指物都能行。
which 用来指代物，主语宾语都可充。
who 和whom 来指人，作主作宾各不同。
whose 一词作用大，表人表物都能用。
That 与which 区别歌诀
that ，which 不一般，同指物时可互换。
不定代词为先行，只有that 才可用。
先行词前有修饰，千万不可用which 。
要用which 也不难，可将介词来提前。
典型例题
一、用关系代词填空
1、This is the professor taught me Chemistry in 1980 .
2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.
3、This is the boy father died three years ago.
4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.
5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?
6、They work in a factory makes radio parts.
7、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.
8、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.
9、 He is the person ______ helped me.
10、That’s the computer ______ broke down.
11、We’re not the students ______ won the bad-Minton match.
12、It’s the dog ______ lives in our block of flats.
13、They’re the socks ______ are on sale this week.
14、He’s the person ______ is waiting for a taxi.
15、This is the train _______ goes to Shenzhen.
16、This is the road _______ leads to the Book City. 17、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.
18、Who is the person is standing at the gate?
二、单项选择
( ) 1. The man_____you saw in the street is Tommy.
A. which B.whose C. that D.as
( ) 2. Is this the museum _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. Who B. which C. the one D. whom
( ) 3. The boy _____ has an interesting story book.
A. who sit next to you B. which sits next to you
C. whom sits next to you D. that lives next to you
( ) 4. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been to.
A. who B. that C. where D. when
( ) 5.The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us.
A. which B. that C. as D. who
( ) 6. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( ) 7. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
( ) 8. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
( ) 9. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
( ) 10. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
( ) 11. I am the only one ______ can do it right.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
( ) 12. This is the best film ______I have ever seen.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
( ) 13. All ______ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
( ) 14.Take care of the boy and the dog ____ are crossing the street.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
( ) 15.Finally, the thief handed everything____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
( ) 16.Who is the woman___ was talking to Miss Li?
A. he b. that C. whom D. which
( ) 17.In the street I met the scientist ______gave us a talk last week.
1. he B. which C. who D. what
( ) 18.That’s the only thing ___ can’t be forgotten in my life.
A. that B. which C. who D./
( ) 19.New York, ______ I visited last year, is a nice city.
A. which B. where C. when D. it
( ) 20. He is an estate businessman ____ loves climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
拓展练习
一、单项选择
1. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. Which
2. This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. Whom
3.Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?
A. what B. which C. who D. Whom
4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. / B. why C. when D. What
5. I have found some pictures of the most interesting places ______ you can visit during the winter holidays.
A. where B. which C. what D. That
6. I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea.
A. which B. who C. what D. How
7. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
8. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
9. Is ________ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
10. ---What kind of music do you like? ---I like music ________ has great lyrics.
A. that B. what C. who D. Whose
11.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.
A. which B. that C. what D. Where
12. The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
13. The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it
14.That is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. Which
15.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?
A. who B. whom C. which D. Where
16.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?
A. who B. whom C. which D. What
17.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. Which
18. I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
A. that B. who C. how D. Why
19. I hate people ________ talk much but do little.
A. whom B. which C. who D. When
20. I am one of the boys ________never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
二、选择可以替换划线部分的最佳选项 A said B named C talked A with B including C not including A stops B starts C continues A got B paid C passed A. way B. kind C. part A. owner B. writer C. reader