Comprehension of Detail Understanding
一 阅读理解基本题型
二 主要阅读方法
1 顺读法 即 先看原文---- 再读问题----重点查看
(这种方法按部就班,适用于大多数文章,对于那些篇幅不长,选项和问题又不少的文章,应该通读全文,了解大意,掌握文脉,抓住中心思想,然后读问题及选项,带着问题重点查看,比对选项.特点是 比较稳,不会遗漏信息,能紧扣中心思想,但速度较慢,难以在阅读中积极主动地预测文章内容)
2 逆读法 即先读问题----再读全文----后看选项-----重点查看
(适合文章较长,里面往往有许多多余的信息,如果先读问题,尤其是细节判断题,我们就知道哪些信息与问题有关,哪些无关.特点: 针对性强,节省做题时间,比较适用于解答细节性的问题,但在解答主旨性和判断性的问题时,效果欠佳) 3 跳读法 即先看小标题---再看题目---带着问题阅读
(适用于图表类文章或有小标题的长文章,根据题目直接找到相关段落,找到答案,这种方法处理得当,既节省时间,效率又高)
三 细节理解题
(一)定义
文章出现某些现象或观点,题干针对文章的相关内容进行发问,考查学生对相关内容的理解、分析综合的能力。
(二)细节理解题的做题顺序
1 认真阅读题干(有时包括选项)抓关键词
关键词一般多通过题干中的n . v. adj. 数词来进行eg
1) According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?
2) which of the following is mentioned in the text?
3) Which of the following is true according to the text?
4) If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit______
5) According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _______
2 选好关键词后,返回原文,到文章的相关地方去查找这个词,我们要找到关键词所在的这个句子,细节理解题的答案一般包含在含有关键词的句子或上、下句子中
3 带着信息比对选项
另外:阅读理解是对我们学生阅读理解能力的考查,我们绝对不能把自己的主观情绪或观点加到作者身上,一定要忠实于材料
(三)细节理解题的几种题型
1 易得分题
细节题的难易区分度是比较大的,如果是一道易得分题,那么关键词与文章中的信息表述完全一致,文章中的信息与选项中的信息表述完全一致,但在高考中,一般很少会出现和原文一模一样的的题目
2 转化题
(1)题干对文章内容的转换
12 全国卷 56 If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit____
A. a Youtheater B. an art museum
C. a natural history museum D. a hands-on science museum
(如果一个孩子对宇宙感兴趣,他可能会去,题干的关键词是in the universe,我们会带着关键词,在文章里迅速浏览
. Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up. 结果会发现in the sky.是对in the universe的转换)
(2)选项对文章内容的转换
蚌埠市二质检66 According to the writer, in an aptitude testing, Chinese job applicants should ________
A not tell the truth B be more enthusiastic
C learn to tell what they really think
D find out what the examiner really want
(先找关键词should,答案在最后一句话,而选项C 是对这一句话的转化) This is sometimes called the prisoner’s dilemma. Applicants are trying to act cleverly in their own interest. But they fail because they don’t understand what the interviewer is looking for. Remember that in an aptitude test, the correct answer is always the honest answer.
(3)选项包含多个信息
细节理解题,有时考查多个信息,如果一时无法找到正确选项,利用排除错误的选项,也是一种好方法。比如下列类型的考题:
2012安徽70 According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites? 2012安徽 74 Which of the following is mentioned in the text?
2012安徽58 /68 Which of the following is true according to the text?
这些题目出现的时候,排除法更能保证题目的准确性
(4)涉及文章内容逻辑
(在阅读理解的过程中,要抓住文章的结构,这样能抓住文章的大意;也要注意段落的结构,这样能抓住段落的大意;在分析句子的逻辑关系后,能了解作者的思路,观点。句子的逻辑有时候是通过连词来体现的:
句子的逻辑有时候是通过连词来体现的:
因果:because, since, as ,so
转折 but ,however, though
时间when ,after ,before,later, meanwhile
列举 for example, such as ,according to
有时,句子与句子之间并没有明确的连词来表明关系,但我们可以通过分析内容来确定他们之间的关系。注意作者的观点就要注意作者的逻辑和表达方式)
12全国卷69 According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _______
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
(从题干中提取关键词是use multiplication tables ,带着关键词可以迅速找到与之对应的段落)
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
(这一段明显是另外一个例子,例子的作用就是用来说明作者的论点的。在这一类的题中,要注意论点与论据,总述与分述逻辑关系)
(四 )细节理解题干扰项的特点(另外,我们了解干扰项的特点,也有助于提高我们的正确率,干扰项有以下五个特点:)
1 符合常识,但不是文章内容
2 是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容
3 与原文的内容极为相似,但程度不同
4 在意思上与原文大相径庭,甚至完全相反
5 部分正确,部分错误
Comprehension of Detail Understanding
一 阅读理解基本题型
二 主要阅读方法
1 顺读法 即 先看原文---- 再读问题----重点查看
(这种方法按部就班,适用于大多数文章,对于那些篇幅不长,选项和问题又不少的文章,应该通读全文,了解大意,掌握文脉,抓住中心思想,然后读问题及选项,带着问题重点查看,比对选项.特点是 比较稳,不会遗漏信息,能紧扣中心思想,但速度较慢,难以在阅读中积极主动地预测文章内容)
2 逆读法 即先读问题----再读全文----后看选项-----重点查看
(适合文章较长,里面往往有许多多余的信息,如果先读问题,尤其是细节判断题,我们就知道哪些信息与问题有关,哪些无关.特点: 针对性强,节省做题时间,比较适用于解答细节性的问题,但在解答主旨性和判断性的问题时,效果欠佳) 3 跳读法 即先看小标题---再看题目---带着问题阅读
(适用于图表类文章或有小标题的长文章,根据题目直接找到相关段落,找到答案,这种方法处理得当,既节省时间,效率又高)
三 细节理解题
(一)定义
文章出现某些现象或观点,题干针对文章的相关内容进行发问,考查学生对相关内容的理解、分析综合的能力。
(二)细节理解题的做题顺序
1 认真阅读题干(有时包括选项)抓关键词
关键词一般多通过题干中的n . v. adj. 数词来进行eg
1) According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?
2) which of the following is mentioned in the text?
3) Which of the following is true according to the text?
4) If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit______
5) According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _______
2 选好关键词后,返回原文,到文章的相关地方去查找这个词,我们要找到关键词所在的这个句子,细节理解题的答案一般包含在含有关键词的句子或上、下句子中
3 带着信息比对选项
另外:阅读理解是对我们学生阅读理解能力的考查,我们绝对不能把自己的主观情绪或观点加到作者身上,一定要忠实于材料
(三)细节理解题的几种题型
1 易得分题
细节题的难易区分度是比较大的,如果是一道易得分题,那么关键词与文章中的信息表述完全一致,文章中的信息与选项中的信息表述完全一致,但在高考中,一般很少会出现和原文一模一样的的题目
2 转化题
(1)题干对文章内容的转换
12 全国卷 56 If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit____
A. a Youtheater B. an art museum
C. a natural history museum D. a hands-on science museum
(如果一个孩子对宇宙感兴趣,他可能会去,题干的关键词是in the universe,我们会带着关键词,在文章里迅速浏览
. Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up. 结果会发现in the sky.是对in the universe的转换)
(2)选项对文章内容的转换
蚌埠市二质检66 According to the writer, in an aptitude testing, Chinese job applicants should ________
A not tell the truth B be more enthusiastic
C learn to tell what they really think
D find out what the examiner really want
(先找关键词should,答案在最后一句话,而选项C 是对这一句话的转化) This is sometimes called the prisoner’s dilemma. Applicants are trying to act cleverly in their own interest. But they fail because they don’t understand what the interviewer is looking for. Remember that in an aptitude test, the correct answer is always the honest answer.
(3)选项包含多个信息
细节理解题,有时考查多个信息,如果一时无法找到正确选项,利用排除错误的选项,也是一种好方法。比如下列类型的考题:
2012安徽70 According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites? 2012安徽 74 Which of the following is mentioned in the text?
2012安徽58 /68 Which of the following is true according to the text?
这些题目出现的时候,排除法更能保证题目的准确性
(4)涉及文章内容逻辑
(在阅读理解的过程中,要抓住文章的结构,这样能抓住文章的大意;也要注意段落的结构,这样能抓住段落的大意;在分析句子的逻辑关系后,能了解作者的思路,观点。句子的逻辑有时候是通过连词来体现的:
句子的逻辑有时候是通过连词来体现的:
因果:because, since, as ,so
转折 but ,however, though
时间when ,after ,before,later, meanwhile
列举 for example, such as ,according to
有时,句子与句子之间并没有明确的连词来表明关系,但我们可以通过分析内容来确定他们之间的关系。注意作者的观点就要注意作者的逻辑和表达方式)
12全国卷69 According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _______
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
(从题干中提取关键词是use multiplication tables ,带着关键词可以迅速找到与之对应的段落)
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
(这一段明显是另外一个例子,例子的作用就是用来说明作者的论点的。在这一类的题中,要注意论点与论据,总述与分述逻辑关系)
(四 )细节理解题干扰项的特点(另外,我们了解干扰项的特点,也有助于提高我们的正确率,干扰项有以下五个特点:)
1 符合常识,但不是文章内容
2 是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容
3 与原文的内容极为相似,但程度不同
4 在意思上与原文大相径庭,甚至完全相反
5 部分正确,部分错误